10. Personal Particulars

Transcription

1 Theme 10 1

2 2 10. Personal Particulars Exercise 10.1: Drawing up a questionnaire Watch the video on YouTube (link 1) which shows us steps in designing and drawing up a questionnaire. Listen carefully and as you listen the second time, take down notes in the form of a mind map in your language books. Once you have completed the mind map; answer the following questions: 1. Name the 5 steps needed when designing a questionnaire. (5) 2. Why has Helen decided to design a questionnaire? (2) 3. In Step one, give four questions that one would ask to define the problem. Answer each of these questions with regards to Helen s dilemma. (4) 4. Give four different ways we could administer a questionnaire. (4) 5. What three things should a good questionnaire structure have? (3) 6. What three things help the respondent to keep answering? (3) 7. What should be included in the introduction? (2) 8. What are demographic questions? (1) 9. In your own words, explain what step four is used for? (3) 10. What does data mean? (1) (28) Exercise10.2: Different ways of questioning or interviewing Read through the following types of questioning. There are 5 different types of survey questions: 1. Multiple choice question E.g. Choose one of the following: School is a) A place to meet with friends b) A horrible prison c) A boring place where we learn d) An exciting place where we learn

3 3 2. Ordinal scale question E.g. Rank the following things in order of importance: a) learning b) friends c) popularity d) over 80% e) tablet games 3. Interval scale question E.g. How would you rate yourself as a learner in your school? Circle the number: 5 is a high achiever and 1 is a low achiever Ratio scale question E.g. How many hours do you spend a day playing games on your tablet? 4. Open ended question E.g. What is your favourite thing about school? Write the headings of each type of survey question into your book and create your own examples using the topic: Sports. Activity 10.1 Common nouns and Proper nouns Underline the proper nouns and circle the common nouns in each sentence: 1. Mr Loops fills in the forms at the office. 2. Jacob had to complete a questionnaire in order to apply for his bank loan. 3. Which position at South African Airways would you like to apply for? 4. Is BenoniLinmed Hospital, the hospital you were born in? 5. Mr West is Kanye s biological father. 6. The Parlotones are one of my favourite local bands. 7. I was diagnosed with diabetes on Sunday. 8. My sister, Solange, is my emergency contact.

4 4 Adverbs What are adverbs? Adverbs mainlymodify verbs. However, they also modify adjectives or other adverbs. (14) Types of Adverbs 1. adverb of manner describes how something is done 2. adverb of degree describes to what extent something is done 3. adverb of place describes where something is done 4. adverb of time describes when something is done 5. adverb of reason describes why something is done 6. adverb of frequency describes how often something is done Examples: I walked slowly to school. ( Slowly is modifying the verb walked.) I was very hungry. ( Very is modifying the adjective hungry ) I walked very slowly to school. ( Very is modifying the adverb slowly, which modifies the verb walked ) 1. Look for the ly Easy steps to find adverbs: Most adverbs end in ly such as slowly, excitedly, angrily Look for your verb Once you find it, ask the questions Look for the adjective Once you find it, ask the questions Are there any adverbs describing the adverbs you have already found? Ask the questions...

5 5 How? Where? When? How often? To what extent? Remember, there may be more than one adverb in a sentence, so be thorough with each and every step, every time. Activity Adverbs of manner, time and place Rewrite the sentences in your books, under the correct headings, and underline the adverbs. Adverbs of manner 1. I read through each and every question carefully. 2. I studied hard in order to obtain my degree. 3. When I received my marks, I had found that I had done extremely well. 4. My father spoke proudly of my achievements. 5. Excitedly, I ran to my friends to tell them the news as they were all nervously awaiting my results. Adverbs of time 1. I rarely need to visit the doctor. 2. I felt sick yesterday. 3. Today, my temperature increased, so I immediately took my tablets. 4. I have never been this ill before. 5. I felt better after I took the injection. (7) (6)

6 Adverbs of place 1. I walked inside and I was ready for my interview. 2. The other applicants were waiting outside. 3. The boss asked if I lived near the offices. 4. I couldn t find my CV anywhere. 5. He asked me to leave so I headed home. Activity Adverbs of manner, time and place Rewrite the following sentences and underline the adverbs. State the type of adverb for each sentence. 1. I often like to read books and I definitely prefer thriller novels. 2. He obviously applied for this job because he thoroughly understands the role. 3. She worked hard in her last job and therefore could qualify. 4. Every day, they call in to the offices and ask politely if they got the job. 5. Sometimes, I struggle to manage stress, however, it is often very easy for me juggle a large work load. (10) Activity 10.3 Adjectives Rewrite the following sentences and underline the adjectives. 1. It was a long, tedious wait until I was finally called. 2. The arrogant man behind the desk asked me many questions. 3. His questions were difficult and he looked deeply into my wide, blue eyes. 4. I was nervous during my interview. 5. I shook his strong, powerful hand and left the room. 6 (5) (10)

7 7 Independent and dependent clauses Independent clause Dependent clause Independent= can stand on its own Dependant= relies on another The independent clause is like Batman. Batman can stand on his own. The dependent clause is like Robin. Robin is a sidekick. He needs Batman. The only thing these two have in common is: The Batmobile They both have their own subject and verb. Adjectival clauses Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns and a clause is a group of words that has a finite verb. An adjectival clause is a group of words (with a finite verb) that describes a noun or pronoun. The clause usually begins with who, which, that, whom and whose. Example: That girl, whoclearly doesn t understand her work, couldn t answer the question. OR The carpet, whichhasn t been cleaned in a year, has gone mouldy.

8 8 Adverbial clauses Adverbs describe how actions are performed and a clause is a group of words that has a finite verb. An adverbial clause is a group of words (with a finite verb) that describes averb.classified as answering when, where, howorwhy? Example: 1. I ran to the shopwith a spring in my step. (How did he run to the shop?) 2. They run to the shop every day after school. (When do they run to the shop?) Activity 10.4 Clauses Rewrite the following sentences and underline the clause.state the type of clause for each sentence. 1. After the movie was over, we went out to eat. 2. The children who started out with the lowest scores actually worked their way to the top. 3. The history test, which was supposed to be easy, turned out to be quite difficult. 4. I won t be accepted into universityunless I increase my grades. 5. I get to go to Europe if I pass all of my exams. 6. The summer that I turned 12 was the best summer of my life. 7. While I was working, my friends were writing letters to each other. 8. His headache worsened because he was concentrating so hard. 9. Will you meet me at the building with the red gates? 10. She was wearing a jacket, which had red buttons. (10) Compound and complex sentences What are compound sentences? Compound sentences= 2 independent sentences (simple sentences) joined by a co-ordinating conjunction.

9 9 Co-ordinators: F: for A: and N: nor B: but O: or Y: yet S: so Co-ordinators are sometimes preceded by a comma. In the following compound sentences, subjects are in yellow, verbs are in green, and the co-ordinators and the commas that precede them are in red. 1. I tried to speak Spanish and my friend tried to speak English. 2. Alejandro was playing football, so Maria went shopping. 3. Katlego cooked dinner, yet Thandi never ate. What are complex sentences? Complex sentence= An independent clause joined by 1 or more dependent clauses. These sentences are joined by subordinators. There are many subordinators, including: Conjunctions such as because, since, after, although, when and Relative pronouns such as that, who andwhich. In the following complex sentences, subjects are in yellow, verbs are in green, and the subordinators and their commas (when required) are in red. 1. When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page. 2. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error. 3. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow. 4. After they finished studying, Juan and Maria went to the movies 5. Juan and Maria went to the movies after they finished studying. 6. The woman, who called my mom, sells cosmetics. 7. The book that Jonathan read is on the shelf.

10 Activity 10.5 Compound and complex sentences Rewrite the following sentences. Underline only the independent clauses and state whether these are simple, compound or complex sentences. 1. We have to go to bed when the clock strikes ten. 2. Jennifer liked William s friend and she also liked his cousin. 3. The big, brown dog ran after the blue and red ball. 4. Khanyi and Tebogo rode their bicycles after they ate lunch. 5. Many brave soldiers fought in the war, and they received medals. 6. The drummers played for a long time, but the piano players stopped early. 7. Before the queen rode in the parade, she gave her speech. 8. She dropped the pan and the plate, yet she held on to the spoon. (20) 10 Activity 10.6 Synonyms, antonyms and homonyms Write a definition for synonyms, antonyms and homonyms and give 10 different examples of your own for each. An Ellipsis (Plural ellipses) An ellipsis is a form of punctuation that can be used to make up for missing pieces of text or allow for a pause in writing. (18) An ellipsisis three full stopswith a space in between each... These days, people often use ellipses incorrectly in texts or social media.when should ellipses be used? 1. Missing text within an extract: News reports might shorten a quote to only what is absolutely essential. Example: A fire chief said, We ve determined positively, absolutely, beyond the shadow of a doubt, that this fire was accidental, They may only write: A fire chief said, We ve determined positively that this fire was accidental.

11 11 2. Missing text at the end of an extract: In a formal writing piece, research may be quoted. However, if only a small extract of the piece is quoted, ellipsis is used at the end to show there is more to it. Example: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated 3. Pause in writing: Stories and novels use ellipses to a very different effect. An ellipsis can demonstrate a pause in dialogue, a pause in narrative or a character or a narrator trailing off. Example: I m not sure what to do he stammered. This demonstrates the inability of the character to make up his mind. A narrator might say: He was without hope desolate, empty the epitome of a broken heart. This is pausing for emphasis. Activity 10.7 Ellipses Quote the text below removing unnecessary information and replacing it with ellipses. 1. Juan thought and thought and then thought some more. I'm wondering, Juansaid. 2. Most of the cholesterol in the body is synthesized by the body and has a dietary origin. Cholesterol is more abundant in tissues that synthesize more, which means they make hormones, for example, the liver, spinal cord and brain. (4)

12 12 Abbreviations An abbreviation is defined as a shortened version of a word or phrase. But, did you know that there are many different types of abbreviations? Here is a list of abbreviation types: Acronym This forms a word using the initial parts or first letters of a name. For example, NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) andsars (South African Revenue Service) are all acronyms that take the first letter from each word to form a new word. Lesser known acronyms include scuba (self-contained under water breathing apparatus) and laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). The latter examples show that not all acronyms have to be capitalized. Initialism Also called alphabetism, this is a group of letters, each pronounced separately, used as an abbreviation for a name or expression. Examples include: CD (Compact Disc), USA (United States of America), and UK (United Kindgom). Truncation This type of abbreviation consists only of the first part of a word. These are most often used when referring to proper titles such as months of the year or days of the week, e.g.mon., Fri., Apr. and Oct. Clipped This is similar to truncation in that you are using a part of the word to form the abbreviation. But, in this case, the middle or end is being used. Common clipped abbreviations include phone (telephone) and fridge (refrigerator). Activity 10.8 Abbreviations Write these abbreviations into your book and next to each, write the full name and what type of abbreviation it is. 1. AIDS 6. Dec. 2. UJ 7. SABC 3. Aus. 8. Gym 4. Gas 9. UNISA 5. FBI 10. NASA (10)

13 13 Glossary: Content Page no. Theme 10: Personal Particulars 2 Exercise 10.1: Drawing up a questionnaire 2 Exercise 10.2: Different ways of questioning or interviewing 2 Activity 10.1: Common and Proper nouns 3 Activity 10.2: Adverbs 5-6 Activity 10.3: Adjectives 6 Activity 10.4: Clauses 8 Activity 10.5: Compound and complex sentences 10 Activity 10.6: Synonyms, Antonyms and Homonyms 10 Activity 10.7: Ellipses 11 Activity 10.8: Abbreviations 12