DARI BASIC COURSE. SEMESTER 1 Lessons STUDENT COPY VALIDATION EDITION 2005 DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER

Transcription

1 DARI BASIC COURSE SEMESTER 1 Lessons STUDENT COPY VALIDATION EDITION 2005 DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER

2 DARI Basic Course SEMESTER 1 Lessons June 2005 DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER

3 Acknowledgments Permission to use text and/or graphic images in this Dari language course has been received from the following copyright holders: Luke Powell (photographs from Rahmatullah Omid (photographs from personal collection) Homayoun Seddiq (photographs from personal collection) Wida Ahmad (photographs from personal collection) Najib Rezai (photographs from personal collection) Kiyoshi Inoue (photographs from AGSL American Geographical Society Library, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries (photographs from the Harrison Forman collection) ASC Thome Anderson (photographs from courtesy of Saudi Aramco World / PADIA / Aramco Services Corporation) UNESCO (photographs from UNEP (photographs from Robert W. Kranz (photographs from Keith Cook (photographs from Mustafa Rasuli (photographs from John Patton (photographs from Dominic Medley/Jude Barrand (photos from Kabul: The Bradt Mini Guide - The Survival Guide to Kabul Gary W. Bowersox The Gem Hunter, President GeoVision, Inc., PO Box 89646, Honolulu, HI 96830, , MrGary77@aol.com (photos from Shahab Azim (photographs from Ellyn Cavanaugh, Ph.D. (photographs from personal collection and from Rosemary Stasek (photos from Kerry Saner (photographs from Farhad Darya (photograph from Christina Manuel (photographs from personal collection) Crown Copyright/MOD (photographs from John Pike (photographs and maps from Moumina Dorgabekova: Pharmacy in Afghanistan Boston: Management Sciences for Health Aseem Koshan (excerpts from Omaid Weekly newspaper) Ryan Azimi (excerpts from Afghan-Iranian Yellow Pages of Northern California) Nick Noori (excerpts from Afghan Yellow Pages by N&N Express) Shahbaz Taheri (excerpts from Northern California Iranian Yellow Pages by Pezhvac Corp.) Ali Parvin (excerpts from TASVIR Persian American Yellow Pages) Assad Manely (excerpts from Afghan Yellow Pages of California by Ariana Advertising) ii

4 Serajuddin Wahaj (excerpts from Dard-e-Dil-e Afghan monthly publication) Nasir Durani (poster published by Afghan Center of Fremont, CA) License was obtained from Nova Development Corporation (Nova) to reproduce digital images of clipart and photos from Art Explosion CD ROMs. Photos from are used in accordance with the copyright owner s specified restrictions, as posted on the website. Photos from and are used in accordance with guidelines provided by FirstGov@mail.fedinfo.gov on public domain. Additional photos were obtained from: Other images are courtesy of royalty-free Stock Exchange ( MorgueFile ( and Pixelquelle ( no permission or photo credits are required. Permission to use copyrighted material was granted on the condition that it be used exclusively for nonprofit educational purposes. Further reproduction is unauthorized. Cover photograph by Luke Powell. iii

5 iv

6 Table of Contents Lesson 29: Discussing Feelings...1 احساس to miss someone and پشت کسی دق شدن Reciprocal pronouns; verbs feel to کردن Lesson 30: Leisure-time Activities...19 Indefinite pronouns; usage of the verb ياد شدن to be called Lesson 31: At the Company Barracks...39 Prepositions of place describing physical layout ( is located between ); negation of the modal verb بايد must / should Lesson 32: An Afghan Suspect...57 Indirect speech; reporting verbs; usage of the اولچک کردنverb to handcuff ; the idiom چی گپ اس What s the matter? Review Glossary...77 v

7 Glossary 1 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari GLOSSARY کمی يک تعداد ] = يکعده] ] = عده ای ء درباره ] = درمورد] ] = راجع به a little / a bit [ a number / a few / some [ about ache / pain درد address ا درس adult / grown up بزرگسال ] = کلان سال [ advertisement / announcement اعلان after بعد از[ = بعد] ] = پس از [ afternoon بعد ازظهر (بعد ازچاشت) (بعد ازپيشين ( age سن ] = سن وسال [ agricultural زراعتی agriculture زراعت air conditioning ايرکنديشن airport ميدان هوايی all / every همه ] = تمام] ] = تماما [ همگی ] = تماما ] (ک لگی all over سرتاسر ] = سراسر [ ن قل بادامی (ن قل اگرچه ] = با ا نکه] ] = با اينکه] ] = هرچند always هميشه (مدام) (دايم ( ( all / exclusively / entirely ( almond candy [ although / even though ambulance امبولانس (nationality) American امريکايی American Embassy سفارت امريکا ( amount / quantity مقدار (اندازه and و anger / rage خشم ] = قهر] ] = غضب [ angry خشمگين ] = غضبناک] (قار ( announcement اعلاميه another يکی ديگر(يکی د گه ( antique seller انتيک فروش antique shop انتيک فروشی any کدام 77

8 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Glossary 1-32 anything / everything هرچيز apple سيب ء appointment وعده ملاقات ] = قرارملاقات [ approximately تقريبا arm بازو ديپوی اسلحه ] = سلاح کوت [ arms depot art رسم ء as / in the capacity of به حي ث ] = به مثابه [ assignment / duty / task وظيفه (کار ( at / in در (ده ( aunt (maternal) خاله (paternal) aunt عمه (nationality) Australian ا ستراليايی (transmission) automatic اتومات baby طفل (ا شت ک ( bad بد bag خريطه (خلته ( baker نانوا (نانوای ( bakery نانوايی ball توپ Bamyan باميان bank بانک bank manager مديربانک barracks بار ک barren بيحاصل (خاره ( (military) base قشله basketball باسکتبال bathroom / restroom تشناب beard ريش beautiful / pretty مقبول ] = قشنگ] ] = زيبا [ because زيرا ] = چونکه][ = به خاطری که][ = اينکه] چپرکت ] = تختخواب] (تخت خ و اتاق خواب (اتاق خ و برای ( bed / bedstead ( bedroom 78

9 Glossary 1 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari before پيش از ] = قبل از [ عقب ] = پشت ] (پشت سر beige کريمی ( behind berry توت برعلاوه ] = علاوتا [ besides / in addition بين ] = مابين] ] = ميان [ between / among bicycle بايسکل کلان ] = بزرگ [ big / large تولد ] = ولادت [ birth ء روزتولد ] = سالگره تولد] ] = سالگره [ birthday black سياه bleeding خون ريزی blue ا بی body بدن ] = جسم] ] = وجود] (جان ( book کتاب bottle بوتل bouquet دسته بوتيک ] = دکان [ boutique نان خشک ] = نان [ bread bride عروس bridge پل broad-shouldered چارشانه broken / out of order خراب نصواری عمارت ] = تعمير] [= ساختمان ء تخته اعلانات چپرکت دوطبقه يی (چپرکت دومنزله بس ] = سرويس تجارت ] = ب زن س ء جوازنامه تجارتی ] = جوازتجارتی brother برادر brown [ building bulletin board ( bunk bed [ bus [ business [ business license businessman تاجر but ولی ] = اما] ] = مگر [ butcher قصاب 79

10 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Glossary 1-32 می تانين مه ره کمک کنين butcher shop / butchering قصابی buttermilk دوغ buzkashi بزکشی by ازپهلوی way,... By the راستی café کافی camel شتر Can you help me? car موتر carpet / rug قالين cattle گله cellular phone تيلفون جيبی center مرکز centigrade سانتی گراد ء central hospital شفاخانه مرکزی مراسم chair چوکی cheap ارزان ceremony / festivity chicken مرغ child فرزند (اولاد ( child / baby طفل chocolate چاکليت cigarettes سگرت cinema / theater سينما صنف همصنف (همصنفی city شهر class / grade ( classmate clean پاک clean پاک (ستره ( climate اقليم closed بسته clothes / outfit لباس (کالا ( cloudy ابری ] = ابرا لود [ (temperature) cold سرد ) خي ( 80

11 Glossary 1 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari ر ننگي درون بيايين راحت ] = ا رام colorful. Come in. [ comfortable commander / leader قوماندان company تولی company orderly room ء دايره تولی computer کمپيوتر computer lab اتاق کمپيوتر condolence تسليت Congratulations! مبارک باشه! ] = تبريک [! contest / game / race جواری دانه نشده کورس مسابقه contract / written agreement قرارداد cook ا شپز cookies کلچه corn جواری corn on the cob course / class coworker همکار crops حاصلات crowded / busy مزدحم (بيروبار ( Cultural Center مرکزفرهنگی dangerous خطرناک Dari دری (color) dark تاريک ] = تيره [ date تاريخ daughter / girl دختر day روز death فوت ] = وفات] ] = مرگ [ definitely / by all means حتما (حتمی ( degree(s) درجه delicious خوش مزه (مزه دار ( dentist داکتردندان desert دشت diesel ديزل 81

12 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Glossary 1-32 difficult / hard مشکل ] = دشوار] ] = سخت [ اتاق نانخوری ] = اتاق طعام خوری] (اتاق نان ( dining room diplomat ديپلومات مدير راه خامه کثيف (چتل) (چرک انضباط ] = دسپلين نامنظم ] = نامرتب] (گدود director / manager dirt road ( dirty [ discipline ( disorganized / messy dizzy سرچرخ doctor داکتر dog سگ dollar دالر خر ] = مرکب [ donkey (occupancy) double دونفری down the hallway درا خردهليز ء طبقه پايين ] = منزل پايين] (منزل پايان ( downstairs جمع نظام ] = مشق [ drill (دريور) ) موتروان ( راننده driver لايسنس رانندگی ] = جوازرانندگی] (ليسنس ( driver s license each / every هر هريک ] = هرکدام همديگر ] = يکديگر [ each one / either one [ each other / one another ear گوش early زود (وخت ( east شرق easy ا سان ] = سهل [ educated تحصيلکرده Eid عيد Eid money عيدی Eiffel Tower برج ايفل embassy سفارت emotional / sentimental احساساتی empty / vacant خالی نامزدی (نامزادی ( engagement 82

13 Glossary 1 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari engine ماشين ] = انجن [ انگلستان ] = بريتانيا [ England / U. K. English انگليسی enough کافی ) سب ( evening شام (dinner) evening meal نان شب ] = طعام شب] (نان ش و ( everybody / everyone هرکس ] = همه کس [ everything همه چيز هرچيز ] = همه چيز هرجا ] = همه جا [ everything / anything [ everywhere / every place excited هيجانی excitement هيجان me. Excuse ببخشيد. (ببخشين ( expensive قيمت ] = گران [ experienced با تجربه ] = مجرب [ eye چشم eyeglasses عينک fall / autumn خزان فاميل ] = خانواده معروف ] = مشهور [ family [ famous far دور farmer دهقان farming دهقانی (adjective) fast سريع ] = تند] (تيز ( (adverb) fast به سرعت (تيز ( fat چاق ] = فربه [ father پدر fatigue / weariness خستگی feelings / emotions احساسات fertile حاصلخيز festivity / celebration جشن ( fiancé نامزد (نامزاد field ميدان finger انگشت (کلک ( 83

14 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Glossary 1-32 first / firstly اولا (اول ( flag بيرق flagpole ء پايه بيرق طبقه (منزل florist گل فروش ( floor گل فروشی غذا (نان پا (پای برای (بری flower گل flower shop ( food ( foot ( for fork پنجه four-door car موترچهاردروازه يی France فرانسه language) French (nationality / فرانسوی fresh تازه مرغ بريان دوست ] = رفيق Friday جمعه fried chicken [ friend from از fruit ميوه full پ ر funeral جنازه furnished با مبل وفرنيچر furniture فرنيچر ] = مبل وفرنيچر [ garage گراج Gardez گرديز گيلنه gas can gas station تانک تيل gas tank تانکی gasoline پترول ] = تيل [ geography جغرافيه German ا لمانی Germany ا لمان ] = جرمنی [ ready! Get تيارشو! 84

15 Glossary 1 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari glass گيلاس glove دستکش glove compartment ء دشبورد جعبه خوب خدا حافظ. (به امان خدا God willing انشااالله good / fine / nice (. Good-bye. gorge تنگی government employee مامور governor والی gracious / kind مهربان grandfather پدرکلان grandmother مادرکلان grape انگور green سبز groom داماد guest مهمان guide رهنما gun / rifle تفنگ hair مو (موی ( half نيم hallway / corridor دهليز Hamid (male name) حميد hand د ست (د ست ( handsome خوش قيافه خوشحال ] = خوش hashish چرس ] = حشيش [ [ happy کلينيک صحی قد ] = قامت بلی ] = الو he / she / it او head سر health clinic [ height [ Hello! (telephone call) help کمک heartily. Help yourself. / Eat نوش جان کنين. Herat هرات 85

16 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Glossary 1-32 here اينجا (اينجه ( heroin هيرويين high بلند history تاريخ holiday / vacation / leave رخصتی ] = تعطيل [ horse اسپ hospital شفاخانه (temperature) hot / burning داغ ] = سوزان [ (taste) hot / spicy ت ند hour ساعت hour / period ساعت درسی ] = ساعت [ house / home خانه housemate همخانه How? چط ور (چطور / چطو ) How about?... چطور چ طوراستی چی مقبول چه مدت ] = چقدروقت ] (چقه وخت چند ] = چند دانه ] (چند تا چقدر (چقه ) با ا نهم ] = با اينحال گرسنه (گ شنه شکار شوهر (شوی من (مه مصروف استم. ] = مشغول استم.] (کاردارم خوب استم کارت هويت اگر (اگه How are you?! How beautiful! ( How long? ( How many?/ How many pieces? How much? [ however ( hungry hunting / prey ( husband ( I ( I am busy.. I am fine. مهم در (ده پيش روی[ = روبروی برای ] = برای ا نکه ID card ( if / in case illness مريضی important ( in / at [ in front of [ in order to 86

17 Glossary 1 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari included شامل ] = ا زادی [ استقلال independence هندوستان ] = هند [ India زخمی ] = مجروح [ injured inn / guest house مهمان خانه داخل (درون به عوض ) به جای ( inside ( instead of insurance بيمه insured بيمه شده (بيمه شدگی ( Intercontinental Hotel هوتل انترکانتی ننتل interesting جالب ] = دلچسپ [ internet انترنت internet connection لين ارتباطی انترنت intersection چارراهی interview مصاحبه investigation تحقيقات Iran ايران (nationality) Iranian ايرانی irrigation ا بياری Is everybody fine? همگی خوب استن is not نيست (نيس ( Islamabad اسلام ا باد فرق نميکند. (فرق نميکنه = پروا نداره ( It does not matter. it is expected / it is planned قراراست possible. It is not امکان نداره. eyes. It seems beautiful in your چشمهای شما مقبول می بينه. you. It s kind of you. / It is nice of لطف شماست.[ = مهربانی شماست] --) شماس ( Italy ايتاليا چاقو زندان ] = محبس] (بندی خانه Jalalabad جلال ا باد جاپانی jeep جيپ ] = موترجيپ [ ( jail journalist ژورنالست jackknife / pocketknife Japanese (nationality/language) 87

18 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Glossary 1-32 joy / happiness / delight سرور ] = خوشی] ] = شادی] ] = شادمانی [ juice شربت kabob کباب Kabul کابل district) Karta-e-Sey (a ء کارته سه منظم ] = مرتب خالد کودک (چوچه کيلو ] = کيلوگرام قسم ] = نوع ا شپزخانه (کارخانه کاغذ پران ] = گ دی پران کاغذ پران بازی ] = گ دی پران بازی [ kept in order / well-kept / neat Khaled (male name) ( kid / youngster [ kilogram [ kind / type ( kitchen [ kite [ kite flying knife کارد کارگر زمين ز بان ] = لسان] (ز بان laborer / worker land / acreage ( language last / final / latest ا خرين last / past گذشته ديشب ] = شب گذشته] (ديش و دير (ناوخت بعدا [= بعد تر][= بعد ازا ن][= پس ازا ن](پسان/ پسانتر) ( last night ( late later / afterwards lawn چمن left side طرف چپ (دست چپ ( leg پا (پای ( lesson درس go! Let s بيا که بريم! library کتابخانه life زندگی روشن ] = کم رنگ کم سالون ] = اتاق نشيمن [ light (color) little (amount) [ living room locker / closet / cabinet الماری 88

19 Glossary 1 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari ماشااالله![ = نظرنشه!] [=خدااز نظربدنگاه کنه!] (نام خدا) خدا... ره نگاه کنه زندگی سرشما باشه زنده باشين London لندن long دراز love / passion عشق man مرد market بازار married متا هل mathematics رياضی may / might / maybe / perhaps شايد ] = ممکن است [ deceased)! May God forgive (the خدا رحمت کنه! ] = خدا بيا مرزه [! May God protect ( ) from the evil eye!! May God save ( )!! May you continue to live!! May you live long! / Thank you! mayor شاروال Mazar-e-Sharif مزارشريف meat گوشت mechanic مستری ] = ميخانيک [ medicine / medication دوا meeting ملاقات melon خربوزه member عضو membership عضويت membership card کارت عضويت مينو ] = لست غذا طعامخانه ظهر(چاشت mild معتدل عسکری ] = نظامی [ menu mess hall ( midday / noon [ military minute دقيقه Monday دوشنبه money پول (پيسه ( month ماه morning صبح 89

20 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Glossary 1-32 (breakfast) morning meal چای صبح ] = ناشتا [ Moscow ماسکو mosque مسجد most اکثر ] = بيشتر] (بسياری ( mother مادر motorcycle موترسيکل motorist موترسوار mountain کوه mountain pass کوتل movie فلم Mr. ا قا Ms. خانم زياد ] = بسيار ء خانه گلی ملا بايد ] = بايست [ much / many / a lot mud house Muslim clergyman [ must / should / ought to name) Nahid (female ناهيد name نام ] = اسم [ napkin دستمال کاغذی مواد مخدر ] = مواد مخدره باريک ] = تنگ] ] = کمعرض] (کمبر [ narcotics / drugs ( narrow name) Nasima (female نسيمه name) Nazi (female نازی near / close ن زديک (ن زديک ( neighbor همسايه never هيچ وقت ] = هرگز [ new نو New Delhi دهلی جديد ] = دهلی نو [ New Year s Day نوروز ] = سال نو [ newborn نوزاد newspaper روزنامه (اخبار ( next / future / the following ا ينده ] = بعدی [ next door اتاق پهلو پهلوی ] = کنار [ next to 90

21 Glossary 1 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari night شب night curfew قيود شبگردی no نه ) ین ( هيچکس هيچيک ] = هيچکدام هيچ نان چاشت ] = طعام چاشت north شمال nose بينی nobody / no one / no person [ none / neither none / not any [ noon meal (lunch) notebook کتابچه nothing / anything هيچ چيز now حالا ] = اکنون] (حالی ( nowhere هيچ جا numb بی حس (کرخت ( number نمره ] = شماره [ ساعت (بجه office دفتر ] = اداره [ officer افسر[ = صاحبمنصب] (منصبدار ( اکثرا ] = اکثراوقات] (بسياری وخت ها old کهنه (age) old پير ] = سالخورده] ] = مسن [ on بالای ] = روی] ) سر ( one of يکی از ( o clock / hour ( often onion پياز تنها ] = صرف] ] = فقط [ only / just باز (واز ( open opium ترياک or يا orphanage يتيم خانه مديريتيم خانه other ديگر (د گه ( outside خارج ) بيرون ( گاوقلبه يی (قولبه گو painted رنگ شده ( ox orphanage director 91

22 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Glossary 1-32 paper کاغذ parade رسم گذشت والدين ] = پدرومادر [ parents Paris پاريس park پارک جای پارکنگ کلچه فروش کلچه فروشی parking space / parking lot Pashto پشتو pastry seller pastry shop pen قلم pencil پنسل people مردم pepper مرچ per night فی شب ] = شبی] (ش و ( period / duration مدت شخص ] = نفر] (ا دم عکاسخانه ] = ستديوی عکاسی مرکز فوتوکاپی ( person [ photo studio / photo lab photocopy center photographer عکاس pickup truck موترپيکپ picnic ميله picture / photograph عکس (counter) ( piece دانه (تا piece / plot قطعه pillow بالشت place جا (جای ( plate بشقاب platoon بلوک play / game بازی Please. بفرماييد[ = لطف ا] (بفرمايين ( pocket جيب police station ماموريت پوليس policeman پوليس polite مو دب ] = با ادب [ 92

23 Glossary 1 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari pomegranate انار poor فقير[ = نادار] (غريب ( ري يس راديووتلويزيون قبل براين ] = قبلا ] (پيشتر پروفيسور[ = استاد] (پروفيسر رخصتی عمومی ] = تعطيل عمومی شاگرد poppy کوکنار potato کچالو power dam بند برق prayer نماز pregnant حامله (شکمدار ( prescription نسخه president of radio & TV station ( previously / prior to this ( professor [ public holiday pupil / student purple بنفش purse دستکول Qandahar قندهار radio راديو rainy بارانی real estate office دفتر رهنمای معاملات دراين اواخر[ = اخيرا ] (ده ای وخت ها ( recently red سرخ regulations مقررات relatives خويشاوندان ] = اقارب] (قوم وخويش ( religion دينيات remodeled تغييرساختمان داده شده ] = اصلاح شده [ rent کرايه (کراه ( rental / for rent کرايی ورکشاپ repaired ترميم شده reporter خبرنگار restaurant رستوران rice برنج repair shop / garage rice pilaf پلو rice pudding شيربرنج 93

24 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Glossary 1-32 rich پولدار[ = غنی [ طرف راست (دست راس ( right side river دريا room اتاق roommate هم اتاق (هم اتاقی ( rope ريسمان (ريسپان ( rotten پوسيده Russia روسيه sad / grieved / unhappy غمگين ] = اندوهگين] ] = متا ثر] (جگرخون ( sadness / sorrow / grief غم ] = اندوه] ] = تا ثر [ sale فروش صالح salt ن کم salty شور Saleh (male name) Saturday شنبه sauteed eggplant ب رانی بادنجان (برانی بانجان ( savory pastry with delicious filling بولانی مديرمکتب فصل ] = موسم school مکتب school principal [ season secretary سکرتر sedan / passenger car موتر ] = موترتيزرفتار [ seller / street vendor فروشنده خورد ضابط ] = بريدگی سنگين ] = با وقار] ] = مو قر [ sergeant [ serious / dignified service خدمت Shahr-e-Nau (a district) شهرنو شريف shawl شال shirt and trousers پيراهن وتنبان Sharif (male name) shoe بوت shop / store دکان ] = مغازه [ shopping خريد short کوتاه 94

25 Glossary 1 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari (height) short قد کوتاه ] = کوتاه قد] (قد پخچ ( shower شاور shrine زيارت ] = مقبره [ sick (adjective) / patient (noun) مريض sign لوحه (time) since از... به اينطرف ] = از... به اينسو] (از...فتره ( sincere صميمی singer ا وازخوان (خاننده ( single مجرد (occupancy) single يکنفری sister خواهر skillful ماهر(لايق ( skin پوست ] = جلد [ skinny لاغر sleeping room / quarters قاغوش slow ا هسته (ا ستا ( slowly به ا هستگی (ا ستا ( small خورد ] = کوچک [ small rug قالينچه snack bar کانتين چندان ا نقدر ] = اينقدر] (اوقه / ايقه snowy برفی so / so much ( so / so much / that much / this much soccer فوتبال sock / stocking جراب soil خاک soldier سرباز(عسکر ( some بعضی some people بعضی مردم ] = بعضی اشخاص] ] = بعضی ها [ someone کسی عاشق چيزی ] = کدام چيزی بعضا ] = بعضی اوقات] ] = گاهگاه] (بعضی وختها) someone in love [ something sometimes 95

26 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Glossary 1-32 son / boy پسر(بچه ( به زودی[ = عنقريب] (زود soup شوربا (شوروا ( ( soon south جنوب souvenir سوغات spare tire تيراشتبنی ] = تيرفالتو [ spicy chickpea and potato salad شورنخود وکچالو spicy fried potatoes پکوره spoon قاشق sport ورزش ] = سپورت [ گيردار مستقيم ] = روبه رو سرک ] = جاده] ] = قوی spring بهار squad دلگی stadium ستديوم stairs زينه ها stick shift [ straight کوچه [ street strong subject مضمون sugar بوره ] = شکر [ summer تابستان Sunday يکشنبه sunny ا فتابی (افتوی ( pleasure. Sure. / With چرا نی. suspect مظنون sweet شيرين swimming pool حوض ا ببازی (حوض ا وبازی ( table ميز Taj Mahal تاج محل قد بلند ] = بلند قد taxi تکسی tea چای teahouse چای خانه teacher معلم [ tall 96

27 Glossary 1 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari telephone تيلفون television تلويزيون temperature حرارت (گرمی ( you. Thank تشکر. that ا ن ) وا ( that / who / which که همان (همو اولين ] = نخستين پس ] = درا نصورت] (خی ا نجا (اونجه بنا برا ن ] = بناء اينها (اينا ا نها (اونها / اونا چيز ] = شی تشنه (ت شنه اين ) یا همين (همی ا نها (اونها) (اونا ( that same / that very same [ the first / foremost ( then / in that case ( there [ therefore ( these ( they [ thing / stuff / substance ( thirsty ( this ( this same / this very same ( those Thursday پنجشنبه ticket تکت time وقت (وخت ( time / turn / instance بار ] = دفعه] ] = مرتبه] (کر ت ( tire تير جک تير خسته (مانده معذرت خواستن ] = عذرخواستن] / خواه/ خواست ترتيب دادن/ ده / داد رسيدن/ رس/ رسيد اشغال کردن/ کن/ کرد کباب کردن/ کن/ کرد بودن/ باش / بود توانستن/ توان/ توانست tire jack ( tired / weary to به to / before / near پيش ] = نزد [ to apologize to arrange to arrive to assume / to occupy to barbeque to be to be able to / can (modal verb) 97

28 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Glossary 1-32 خواب بودن/ باش/ بود (خ و بودن ( to be asleep ياد شدن/ شو/ شد ] = خوانده شدن/ شو/ شد پيدا شدن/ شو/ شد ديرا مدن/ ا / ا مد ] = ديررسيدن/ رس/ رسيد [ to be late دار/ قرارداشتن/ ] = باش/بود واقع بودن/ داشت] شدن/ شو/ شد to become خونريزی داشتن/ دار/ داشت خراب شدن/ شو/ شد نفس کشيدن/ کش/ کشيد to breathe ا وردن/ ا ور/ ا ورد to bring پس ا وردن/ ا ور/ ا ورد ا باد کردن ] = اعمارکردن] / کن/ کرد to build خريدن/ خر/ خريد to buy تجليل کردن/ کن/ کرد to celebrate پاک کردن/ کن/ کرد to clean ا مدن/ ا / ا مد to come تبريک گفتن/ گو/ گفت (تبريکی دادن/ ده/ داد عيد مبارکی کردن [ to be called / to be known as to be found / to be available to be located / to be situated to bleed / to be bleeding to break down to bring back / to return ( to congratulate to congratulate someone on the occasion of Eid to do training / to undergo training to cook پ ختن/ پ ز/ پ خت (پ خته کردن/ کن/ کرد ( to count حساب کردن/ کن/ کرد to dance رقصيدن/ رقص/ رقصيد (رقص کدن ( to do کردن/ ک ن/ کرد تعليم کردن/ کن/ کرد to draw رسم کردن/ کن/ کرد (رسم کشيدن/ کش/ کشيد) to drink نوشيدن/ نوش/ نوشيد بدست ا وردن/ ا ور/ ا ورد ] = کمايی کردن/ کن/ کرد] to eat خوردن ] = غذا خوردن] (نان خوردن)/ خور/ خورد معاينه کردن/ کن/ کرد to earn / to gain to examine 98

29 Glossary 1 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari وجود داشتن/ دار/ داشت ] = موجود بودن/ باش/ بود] تسليت دادن/ ده/ داد ] = تسليت گفتن/ گو/ گفت دهقانی کردن/ کن/ کرد حس کردن[ = احساس کردن] / کن/ کرد پيدا کردن/ کن/ کرد ] = يافتن/ ياب/ يافت کاغذ پران بازی کردن/ کن/ کرد پترول يا ديزل گرفتن/ گير/ گرفت ] = پترول يا ديزل انداختن/ انداز/ انداخت] (تيل انداختن/انداز/ انداخت) گرفتن/ گير/ گرفت پايين شدن ] = پياده شدن] / شو/ شد (پايان شدن پنچرشدن/ شو/ شد برخاستن/ برخيز/ برخاست (خيستن/ خيز/خيست خوب شدن (جورشدن) / شو/ شد دادن/ ده/ داد رفتن / رو / رفت با... رفتن به... رفتن کشت کردن/ کن/ کرد ] = کاشتن/ کار/ کاشت رهنمايی کردن/ کن/ کرد اولچک کردن/ کن/ کرد حاصل گرفتن/ گير/ گرفت داشتن/ دار/ داشت ميله کردن/ کن/ کرد ياد داشتن/ دار/ داشت to exist / to be present / to be available [ to express condolences to farm / to do farming to feel [ to find to fly a kite to fuel / to take fuel / to put fuel into the gas tank to get / to take (hold) ( to get out of / to get off (transportation) to get punctured / to have a flat (tire) ( to get up / to rise to get well / to recover to give to go to go by means of... to go to... [ to grow / to cultivate to guide to handcuff to harvest to have to have a picnic to hear شنيدن/ شنو/ شنيد to help کمک کردن / کن / کرد... را کمک کردن به... کمک کردن درد کردن/ کن/ کرد[ = درد داشتن/ دار/ داشت to intend قصد داشتن مصاحبه کردن/ کن/ کرد to have a skill / to know how to to help. [ to hurt / to ache to interview 99

30 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Glossary 1-32 دعوت کردن ] = مهمان کردن] کن/ کرد ا بياری کردن/ کن/ کرد نگهداشتن ] = نگاهداشتن]/ دار/ داشت شناختن/ شناس/ شناخت دانستن/ دان/ دانست ا موختن/ ا موز/ ا موخت ] = ياد گرفتن/ گير/ گرفت] درازکشيدن/ کش/ کشيد خوش داشتن / دار/ داشت... را خوش داشتن خوش ا مدن/ ا / ا مد گوش کردن/ کن/ کرد[ = گوش دادن/ ده / داد] به... گوش کردن... راگوش کردن به... گوش دادن زندگی کردن/ کن/ کرد در... زندگی کردن با... زندگی کردن معلوم شدن/ شو/ شد ] = به نظررسيدن/ رس/ رسيد] تيلفون کردن/ کن/ کرد به کسی تيلفون کردن ريزرف کردن/ کن/ کرد ء وعده ملاقات گذاشتن/ گذار/ گذاشت ] = قرارملاقات گذاشتن/ گذار/گذاشت] زا( کسی وخت گرفتن/ گير/ گرفت) ملاقات کردن/ کن/ کرد (ديدن/ بين/ ديد) با... ملاقات کردن حفظ کردن/ کن/ کرد (ازبرکردن/ کن/ کرد) حرکت کردن/ کن/ کرد حرکت دادن/ ده/ داد کوچ کردن ] = مهاجرت کردن] کن/ کرد to invite to irrigate to keep / to protect / to prevent to know (to be acquainted with / to recognize) to know (to be aware of / to have knowledge about) to learn to lie down to like to like. to like/ to enjoy / to find pleasant to listen to listen to. to live to live in... to live with. to look / to seem to make a phone call to call someone to make a reservation / to reserve to make an appointment to meet to meet with. to memorize to move to move (something) to move / to migrate 100

31 Glossary 1 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari to need to open to order ضرورت داشتن[ = احتياج داشتن] (کارداشتن)/ دار/ داشت بازکردن/ کن/ کرد فرمايش دادن/ ده/ داد امرکردن/ کن/ کرد ] = دستوردادن/ ده/ داد رنگ کردن/ کن/ کرد گذشتن/ گذر/ گذشت (تيرشدن/ شو/ شد) از... گذشتن (تيرشدن) ازپهلوی... گذشتن (تيرشدن) گذشتاندن/ گذران/ گذشتاند (تيرکدن اجرا کردن/ کن/ کرد برداشتن/ بردار/ برداشت (ورداشتن بازی کردن/ کن/ کرد نصب کردن/ کن/ کرد (بند کدن نمازخواندن/ خوان/ خواند گذاشتن/ گذار/ گذاشت ] = ماندن/ مان/ ماند بلند کردن (بالا کردن)/ کن / کرد ] = بالا بردن/ بر/ برد] نامنويسی کردن ] = ثبت نام کردن]/ کن/ کرد ماندن/ مان/ ماند به ياد داشتن دار/ داشت ] = به ياد ا وردن/ ا ور/ ا ورد] (به ياد ا مدن/ ا / ا مد) تغييرساختمان دادن/ ده/ داد [= اصلاح کردن/ کن/ کرد] کرايه کردن (کراه کردن) / کن/ کرد کرايه دادن ] = به کرايه دادن] (کراه دادن) / ده/ داد ترميم کردن/ کن/ کرد برگشتن/ برگرد/ برگشت (پس ا مدن/ ا / ا مد) از... برگشتن به... برگشتن خلاص شدن/ شو/ شد گفتن/ گو/ گفت تلاشی کردن/ کن/ کرد [ to order to paint to pass / to cross to pass.. to pass by.. ( to pass / to get through / to complete to perform / to carry out ( to pick up / to remove to play ( to post / to install to pray [ to put / to place to raise / to lift to register to remain / to stay / to put / to let to remember / to recall to remodel to rent to rent out to repair to return to return from. to run out to say / to tell to search to return to. 101

32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Glossary 1-32 to see to sell ديدن/ بين/ ديد فروختن/ فروش/ فروخت فرستادن/ فرست/ فرستاد(روان کردن/ کن/ کرد سرويس کردن/ کن/ کرد خريد کردن/ کن/ کرد از... خريد کردن نشان دادن/ ده/ داد... را نشان دادن به... نشان دادن تماشا کردن جاهای ديدنی [= جاهای ديدنی را تماشا کردن]/ کن/ کرد امضا کردن (دستخط کردن) / کن/ کرد ا وازخواندن ] = خواندن] / خوان/ خواند (بيت خاندن) نشستن/ نشين/ نشست (شيشتن/ شين/ شيشت خوابيدن/ خواب/ خوابيد (خ وک د ن سگرت کشيدن/ کش/ کشيد تخم پاشی کردن/ کن/ کرد صحبت کردن/ کن/ کرد ] = گپ زدن/ زن/ زد خرج کردن ] = مصرف کردن] / کن/ کرد (خرچ کدن) ايستاد شدن/ شو/ شد ايستاد شدن/ شو/ شد شروع کردن ] = ا غازکردن] کن/ کرد اقامت کردن/ کرد/ کن ] = اقامت داشتن/ دار/ داشت] ايستاد کردن/ کن/ کرد قدم زدن/ زن/ زد [= گردش کردن/ کن کرد] درس خواندن/ خوان/ خواند خواندن/ خوان/ خواند گرفتن/ گير/ گرفت بردن/ بر/ برد ( to send to serve (food) to shop to shop at.. to show to sightsee to sign to sing to show.. to show to.. ( to sit / to sit down ( to sleep to smoke to sow [ to speak / to talk to spend (money) to stall / to stop to stand / to stand up to start / to begin to stay / to reside to stop to stroll / walk around to study to study / to read to take (to consume) to take (to escort) 102

33 Glossary 1 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari to take a picture to take a picture of.. to talk / to speak to talk about. to talk to. to talk with. عکس گرفتن/ گير/ گرفت عکس... راگرفتن از... عکس گرفتن صحبت کردن/ کن/ کرد[ = گپ زدن/ زن/ زد] ء درباره (درمورد)... صحبت کردن[ = گپ زدن] با... گپ زدن[ = صحبت کردن] درس دادن/ ده/ داد (ياد دادن/ ده/ داد تشکرکردن/ کن/ کرد از... تشکرکردن به خاطر... تشکرکردن فکرکردن/ کن/ کرد تعليم دادن/ ده/ داد سفرکردن ] = مسافرت کردن] کن/ کرد دورخوردن/ خور/ خورد فهميدن/ فهم/ فهميد استعمال کردن/ کن/ کرد استفاده کردن/ کن/ کرد فلم گيری ويديويی کردن/ کن/ کرد [= فلم ويديويی گرفتن/ گير/ گرفت] بازديد کردن ] = ديدن کردن]/ کن/ کرد صبرکردن/ کن/ کرد[ = انتظارکشيدن/ کش/ کشيد] ] = منتظربودن/ باش/ بود] پياده رفتن[ = با پای رفتن] ] = راه رفتن] / رو/ رفت خواستن/ خواه/ خواست تماشا کردن/ کن/ کرد (سيل کدن تلويزيون ديدن/ بين/ ديد پوشيدن/ پوش/ پوشيد کارکردن/ کن/ کرد بد ترشدن/ شو/ شد نوشتن/ نويس/ نوشت (نوشته کردن/ کن/ کرد today ا مروز ( to teach to thank to thank. to think to train to travel to turn to understand to thank for. to use / to apply to use / to utilize to videotape to visit (socially) to wait to walk to want ( to watch / to see to watch TV to wear / to put on to work ( to write to worsen / to get worse 103

34 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Glossary 1-32 together باهم ] = باهم يکجا] (يکجايی ( فردا (صبا tonight امشب (ا مشو ( بيحد ] = بی اندازه هم ] = نيز] ] = همچنان موترکش کننده ( tomorrow [ too (excessively) [ too / also tow truck ميدان ترافالگر تعليم ] = تعليم وتربيه ميدان تعليم سفر ] = مسافرت tractor تراکتور Trafalgar Square [ training training field [ trip / journey trunk تول بکس Tuesday سه شنبه turban ل نگی موتردودروازه يی ء ايالات متحده امريکا ] = امريکا ماما کاکا نا راحت[ = نا ا رام] (نارام زير [ = تحت متا سفانه ] = بدبختانه بدون مبل وفرنيچر ] = بی مبل وفرنيچر يونيفورم قطعه ] = جزوتام Turkey ترکيه two-door car [ U.S.A. uncle (maternal) uncle (paternal) ( uncomfortable [ under / beneath [ unfortunately [ unfurnished uniform [ unit university پوهنتون until / to تا ء upstairs طبقه بالا ] = منزل بالا [ use / usage استعمال use / usage استفاده usually معمولا مختلف سبزی (ترکاری valley / glen دره various / different ( vegetable 104

35 Glossary 1 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari very / many / much بسيار video camera ء کمره ويديويی video recording فلم برداری ويد يويی village قريه ] = د ه [ قريه دار[ = ملک village square ميدان قريه [ village chief / village leader volleyball واليبال waiter پيشخدمت ولی ديوار (ديوال warm گرم ( wall وزيراکبرخان مينه Wali (male name) Washington واشنگتن water ا ب ) ا و ( Wazir Akbar Khan Mena (a district) we ما weak ضعيف weapon سلاح weather / air هوا ] = ا ب وهوا [ wedding عروسی Wednesday چهارشنبه week هفته weekend ا خر هفته Welcome! خوش ا مديد! (خوش ا مدين!) west غرب What? چه (چی ) time? What ساعت چند (چند بجه ) What s wrong? چی شده wheat گندم when/at the time when وقتيکه (وختيکه ( When? چه وقت ] =کی ] (چی وخت ) where / at the place where جاييکه Where? کجا Which? کدام while درحاليکه 105

36 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Glossary 1-32 white سفيد White House قصرسفيد چ لو white rice Who? کی Why? چرا wide وسيع ] = عريض] (بردار ( wife خانم ] = زن [ winter زمستان of) with / by (means با (ده ( with / together with با ] = همراه] (همرا) (کتی ( pleasure. With به چشم. woman زن women s head covering چادر work کار نگران ] = پريشان] ] = مشوش [ worried / anxious تشويش ] = پريشانی] ] = نگرانی [ worry / anxiety ک شتی گيری ] = ک شتی] (پهلوانی ( wrestling اکسری (عکس ( X-ray حويلی (حولی ( yard year سال yes بلی yesterday ديروز هنوز yet / still plural) you (formal or شما (informal) you تو young جوان youth / young man (woman) جوان zoo / zoological garden باغ وحش 106

37 Lesson 29 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari LESSON 29 Discussing Feelings Vocabulary: Related to feelings and their causes; emotional states Grammar: Reciprocal pronouns; verbs پشت کسی دق شدن to miss someone and احساس کردن to feel Functions: Show concern for someone s well-being. Skills: Develop an awareness of Afghans relationships between genders. Situation: Two friends discuss the feelings one of them is experiencing, and the reason for this development. Reciprocal pronouns Grammar Notes Each other and one another are called reciprocal pronouns in English. They show a relationship between persons or things. Their Dari equivalents are همديگر each other and, like their English counterparts, can يکديگر and همديگر cases, one another. In most يکديگر be used interchangeably. Depending on the context and the verbs used, these pronouns receive different prepositions. Examples: جميل و وهاب با همديگر صحبت کردند. ا نهاهمه از يکديگرا موختند. نازی وليلا درباره ء همديگرتشويش ميکنند. احمد وخواهرش برای همديگرغذا خواهند پخت. Jamil and Wahab talked with each other. They all learned from one another. Nazi and Laila worry about each another. Ahmad and his sister will cook food for each other. Of these two Dari reciprocal pronouns, only همديگر is sometimes shortened and changed to,هم dropping the suffix.ديگر Examples: جميل و وهاب با هم صحبت کردند. ا نها ازهم دورزندگی ميکنند. Jamil and Wahab talked with each other. They live far from each other. Here is an example from this lesson: شهلا وفرشته با هم دوست استند. Shahla and Fereshta are friends (with each other). 1

38 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 29 Peculiarity of the Dari verb پشت کسی دق شدن to miss someone The English statement I miss my mother is expressed differently in Dari: پشت مادرم دق شده ام. I miss my mother. As you can see in this example, the English verb is used in the present tense, while in Dari the same verb is used in the present perfect tense. Where English uses the past tense of this verb, Dari uses the past perfect tense or past tense. Examples: common) I missed my mother. (more پشت مادرم دق شده بودم. common) I missed my mother. (less پشت مادرم دق شدم. There is no difference in the usage of this verb in the future tense between the two languages. For example: پشت مادرم دق خواهم شد. I will miss my mother. Usage of the verb احساس کردن to feel Talking about how one feels, whether happy, thrilled, sad, angry, shocked, frightened, strong, weak, healthy, or sick, is expressed in English as I feel happy, Ali felt sad, Do you feel weak?, etc. In Dari, the reflexive pronoun خود and the particle را are used. Some examples: happy. ) I feel happy. (Lit., I feel myself من خود را خوش احساس ميکنم. sad. ) Ali felt sad. (Lit., Ali felt himself علی خود راغمگين احساس کرد. weak? ) Do you feel weak? (Lit., Do you feel yourself ا يا خود را ضعيف احساس ميکنيد Transition to conversational Dari In conversational Dari, the letter ب in the present tense of the verb يافتن to find changes to the letter ف. Look at the conjugation of this verb in the present tense in formal and conversational Dari and compare: 2

39 Lesson 29 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Formal Conversational English translation من می يابم مه ميافم find I تومی يابی توميافی find You اومی يابد اوميافه finds He/She/It ما می يابيم ما ميافيم find We شما می يابيد شما ميافين find You ا نها می يابند اونا ميافن find They Cultural Notes Dating, as it is known in the Western world, is not common among young Afghans. In rural and some suburban areas and amongst the tribes, arranged marriages are still the norm, and parents typically choose spouses for their children. The choice usually goes to the groom s side. Thus, a young man s parents will search for a suitable bride for him. Once found, they discuss the matter with the son, and with his approval, approach the girl s family in a very polite and friendly manner. There will be several visits before all details are worked out between the two families. Upon agreement, a party is thrown by the bride s family in recognition of the engagement. The engagement period could range from three months to over a year. In larger cities, where most people have a relatively different lifestyle, and among educated families, arranged marriages are not so common and adult children often choose their own spouses. Rosemary Stasek 3

40 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 29 Lesson Vocabulary Listen and become familiar with these words: feelings / emotions احساسات joy / happiness / delight سرور ] = خوشی] ] = شادی] ] = شادمانی [ excitement هيجان anger / rage خشم ] = قهر] ] = غضب [ sadness / sorrow / grief غم ] = اندوه] ] = تا ثر [ fatigue / weariness خستگی تشويش ] = پريشانی] ] = نگرانی عشق عاشق نامزد (نامزاد بار ] = دفعه] ] = مرتبه] (کر ت مهربان [ worry / anxiety love / passion someone in love ( fiancé ( time / turn / instance gracious / kind emotional / sentimental احساساتی excited هيجانی sad / grieved / unhappy غمگين ] = اندوهگين] ] = متا ثر] (جگرخون ( tired / weary خسته (مانده ( worried / anxious نگران ] = پريشان] ] = مشوش [ angry خشمگين ] = غضبناک] (قار ( the first / foremost اولين ] = نخستين [ last / final / latest ا خرين it is expected / it is planned قراراست with / together with با ] = همراه] (همرا) (کتی ( however با ا نهم ] = با اينحال [ God willing انشااالله up! Cheer خوش باش! (پيشانی ته وازبگی!) to try / to endeavor کوشيدن/ کوش/ کوشيد ] = کوشش کردن/ کن/ کرد [ to miss (someone) پشت کسی دق شدن/ شو/ شد احساس کردن ] = حس کردن] کن/ کرد تشويش کردن/ کن/ کرد ] = تشويش داشتن/ دار/ داشت] ] = نگران بودن/ باش/ بود][ = پريشان بودن/ بود/ باش] عاشق شدن/ شو/ شد to feel / to sense to worry to fall in love 4

41 Lesson 29 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari دوست داشتن/ دار/ داشت ا رام شدن/ شو/ شد ] = ا رام بودن/ باش/ بود حوصله داشتن/ دار/ داشت متوجه شدن/ شو/ شد to love / to like [ to calm down to be patient to notice USINFO 5

42 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 29 Homework A. You will hear five expressions. Four fit together logically but one does not. Which one does not fit? Write it down in Dari. What do the others have in common? B. Listen and fill in the blanks with the missing words. Then translate each item into English. شما کمی به نظرميرسيد. او امروز بسيار است شريف درمورد تجارت خود. جميله پشت نامزد خود. C. Write the following in Dari: Be patient. Your fiancé will come. (singular, informal) Calm down. You look very excited. (singular, formal) Has your son fallen in love with somebody? (singular, formal) Ali and his friend are angry with each other. We have been friends for many years. 6

43 Lesson 29 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Narrative (Structures) As you work through the narrative model on the next page, you will discover examples of these structures: Structure verbs in the present tense Dari word(s) English meaning adjectives in basic form adjectives in superlative form verbs in subjunctive mood relative clauses using who ( whose ) correlative conjunction (paired) 7

44 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 29 Narrative (Model) Ellyn Cavanaugh, Ph.D. ء شهلا وفرشته با هم دوست استند. فرشته نزديکترين دوست شهلا ميباشد. ا نها درباره نامزد شهلا که حبيب نام دارد صحبت می کنند. شهلا بسيار هيجانی به نظرميرسد. اگرچه او سعی ميکند که احساسات خود را نشان ندهد با ا نهم فرشته متوجه سرور ء وهيجان اوميشود. قرار است حبيب امشب برای اولين بار به خانه شهلا بيا يد. شهلا که يک دختر جوان واحساساتی است و نامزد خود را دوست دارد بيحد خوش است. 1. Listen repeatedly until you understand what is being said. 2. Read along with the recorded voice. Practice Dari pronunciation. 3. Complete the grid with examples. Note the English meanings. 4. If called on, point out the different structures on the SmartBoard. 8

45 Lesson 29 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Narrative (Variations) ء شهلا وفرشته با هم دوست استند. فرشته نزديکترين دوست شهلا ميباشد. ا نها درباره نامزد شهلا که حبيب نام دارد صحبت می کنند. شهلا بسيار هيجانی به نظرميرسد. اگرچه او سعی ميکند که احساسات خود را نشان ندهد با ا نهم فرشته متوجه سرور ء وهيجان اوميشود. قرار است حبيب امشب برای اولين بار به خانه شهلا بيا يد. شهلا که يک دختر جوان و احساساتی است و نامزد خود را دوست دارد بيحد خوش است. خستگی مو دب فرهاد امروز غمگين مرد پريشانی پسر پريشان فريبا همصنف همکار فردا مهربان شخص خشمگين نجيبه خشم شريف همسايه اندوه اکبر هيجانی خسته فردا شب ناهيد صميمی احساساتی Luke Powell 1. Create new narratives by choosing different words from the box to replace the shaded parts of the text. 2. Use the remaining class time to discuss the well known emotional idiosyncrasies of American celebrities. 9

46 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 29 Exchange (Structures) 1. Listen and pay attention to conversational forms that differ from formal Dari. Highlight them in the transcripts on the next pages. 2. Practice the exchange for fluency and good pronunciation, along with the native speakers. 3. Answer the following questions. Write key words in Dari. شهلا چرا هيجانی اس ظاهرچطورمعلوم ميشه چرا دخترظاهرده کجاس ظاهرچی شنيده اشرف چرا خسته اس چرا خونکد 4. Now ask about and tell each other the information. Practice different kinds of questions. 10

47 Lesson 29 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Exchange (Models) Fareshta asks Shahla the reason for her excitement. فرشته: شهلا: فرشته: شهلا: شهلا جان امروز بسيارهيجانی معلوم ميشی. چرا ء به خاطريکه نامزادم امشو بری اولين دفعه خانه ما می ا يه. او دختر توعاشق استی. نميدانم... شايد. Zahir talks with Farid about his daughter. UNEP فريد: ظاهر: فريد: ظاهر: فريد: ظاهرجان چرا ايقه جگرخون معلوم ميشی پشت دخترم بسياردق شديم. دخترت هنوزده کابل اس بلی شنيدم که مريض اس. تشويش نکو. خدا مهربان اس. دخترت زود جورميشه. 11

48 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 29 Ashraf shares his concerns with Farooq. Exchange (Models) UNEP فاروق: اشرف: فاروق: اشرف: فاروق: اشرف جان چرا ايقه خسته معلوم ميشی به خاطريکه ديشوخونکدم. چرا ء ده مورد يافتن يک خانه کرايی تشويش ميکنم. ء انشااالله خانه کرايی ميافی. تشويش نکوکه مريض خاد شدی. 12

49 Lesson 29 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Exchange (Variations) Luke Powell 13

50 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 29 Gisting USMC 1. Listen repeatedly. 2. In Dari, report one or more things that you understood, after each iteration. 3. Summarize the essential points in English. 4. Practice a similar dialog with a partner, making up variations. 14

51 Lesson 29 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Extended Practice These are suggestions for personalized and integrated activities. Work briskly through the warm-up steps. Be prepared when you are called on. Your instructor will manage the time so that no more than 10 minutes are spent on the warm-up. Warm-up (only one student per task) 1. Quickly name five or more emotional states. 2. Review any physical conditions you can name. 3. Mention five people, excluding blood relatives, with whom one may have a close relationship. 4. Ask your teacher if he or she misses Afghanistan. 5. Say what or whom you miss. 6. Dictate to your classmates five verb forms from this lesson. They will have to write and say what each means. Talking about an emotional time Think of a person you know well. Describe the emotional situation. Tell the effect. Give a reason. Prepare notes. Now talk about the person. 15

52 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 29 Role-plays One of the following situations is outlined in Dari. Which one? ء شما ويک دوست افغان تان درباره سکرتر نو صحبت ميکنيد. دراين اواخر اواکثرا مشغول صحبت تيلفونی با نامزد خود بوده است. هريک ازشما درمورد وضع عاطفی اوچيزی بگوييد. (1) You are talking to your Afghan neighbor. You notice a difference in his/her appearance. Find out if everything is OK with the family. Be reassuring. (2) You and an Afghan friend talk about the new secretary. Lately, she has been on the phone with her fiancé a lot. You each make a comment about her emotional state. (3) You run into your Dari teacher. Tomorrow is a major test. Your teacher wants to know how you are doing. You confess that you are not your usual self. Say how you feel. Now act out these role-plays with a partner. 16

53 Lesson 29 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Authentic Material Recognize words in short texts. Practice reading, listening and also short speaking or writing tasks. Hone your dictionary skills. داکتر منيره عبادی روانشناس ا يا اکثرا خود را خسته احساس ميکنيد بعضی اوقات بيجهت غمگين ميشويد ميخواهيد که خواب ا رام داشته باشيد اما نميتوانيد درمورد هرچيزتشويش ميکنيد به ا سانی خشمگين ميشويد پس بياييد باهم صحبت کنيم! 1. Look over the above advertisement. What is the business owner s title? 2. How many words did you recognize? Who recognized the most? 3. Listen to the recording and guess the type of a business. 4. Look up the underlined word in the dictionary to confirm your guess. 5. Can you figure out the gender of the business owner? 6. What is recommended at the bottom of the text? 7. In pairs, ask each other the above questions. If the answer is Yes, make a recommendation. 17

54 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 29 Nick Noori 1. Read the text and guess in what kind of a firm these two people are partners. Look up the meaning of the underlined word to see if you guessed correctly. 2. How many years of experience do they have in the field? Say it in Dari. 3. Circle any words you recognize. Who found the most? 4. Make up Dari names for these people, one male and one female. Write them in the boxes. 5. In pairs, tell each other in Dari about these people. 18

55 Lesson 30 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari LESSON 30 Leisure-time Activities sxc Vocabulary: Popular recreational events, spectator sports and activities Grammar: Indefinite pronouns; usage of the verb ياد شدن to be called Functions: Make plans with a friend to attend a recreational event. Skills: Develop a cultural awareness about Independence Day activities. Situation: Young people discuss events that are scheduled for Independence Day. Indefinite pronouns Grammar Notes In English grammar, each, either, neither, everybody, somebody, nobody, no one, anyone, everything, nothing, a few, some, etc. are called indefinite pronouns. Let s look at some Dari indefinite pronouns and how they are used: کسی someone کسی برای من يک قطعه تکت خريد. Someone bought a ticket for me. هر کس everybody هر کس خوشحال است. Everybody is happy. هيچکس هيچکس با وحيد بازی نميکند. nobody / no person Nobody plays with Wahid. 19

56 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 30 بعضی ها some people بعضی ها مسابقات فوتبال را تماشا ميکنند. games. Some people watch soccer بعضی از some of بعضی ازاين جوانان بزکشی را خوش دارند. buzkashi. Some of these youths like هرکدام each one / either one / any one ميتوانيد درهرکدام ازاين ميدانها بازی کنيد. fields. You can play at any one of these هيچيک هيچيک ازمسابقات ديروز را تماشا نکردم. none / neither I watched none of yesterday s games. هرچيزجالب بود. Everything was interesting. هيچ چيز را به ياد ندارم. I remember nothing. هيچکدام / هيچيک nobody, هيچکس Note: With the negative indefinite pronouns such as neither / none or هيچ چيز nothing, Dari uses the negative form of verbs, making it a double negation within a single sentence. Compare the shaded Dari and English versions above. Usage of the verb ياد شدن to be called In Dari, when using the verb ياد شدن or خوانده شدن to be called / to be known as, we add the phrase به نا م in the name of before the noun being discussed. Let s take a look at an example: مشهورترين ورزش افغانی به نام بزکشی ياد ميشود. The most famous sport in Afghanistan is called buzkashi. (Lit., The most famous sport in Afghanistan is called in the name of buzkashi. ) Here is an example from this lesson: اين روز که يک رخصتی عمومی ميباشد به نام جشن استقلال نيزخوانده ميشود. This day, which is a public holiday, is also known as the Independence Festivity of Afghanistan. (Lit., This day, which is a public holiday, is also known in the name of the Independence Festivity of Afghanistan. ) 20

57 Lesson 30 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Transition to conversational Dari As you already know, the differences between conversational and formal Dari are mostly found in the pronunciation of verb endings, omission of personal pronouns and prepositions, the way the particle of definite direct object را is used, etc. However, you may come across instances where a different verb conveying the same meaning is used in conversational Dari. One such verb is سيل کردن to watch. In conversational Dari, it usually replaces the verb تماشا کردن to watch / to see. Here is an example from this lesson: مه تنها سيل ميکنم. I will only watch. Cultural Notes Afghans participate in a number of universal and traditional sports. One of the most popular sports that is unique to Afghanistan is buzkashi, the Afghan national sport played by horsemen mainly in the northern and some central parts of Afghanistan. Buzkashi, literally goat grabbing, requires specially trained horses and very skilled riders called chopandaz. In buzkashi, the headless carcass of a calf is placed in the center of a circle surrounded by the horsemen of two opposing teams. The object of the game is to secure the carcass and bring it to the scoring circle. Although it may sound to be a simple task, it is not. Only the most masterful chopandazes ever even get close to the carcass. The competition is fierce and the winner receives a prize. In order to become a chopandaz, one has to be physically fit and must undergo a tremendous amount of difficult training. The buzkashi horses must also train for at least five years before making it to the playing field. Buzkashi is definitely not a game for the weak. It is a dangerous sport but intensive training and excellent communication between the horse and the rider can help minimize the risk of injury. Other traditional games are tent pegging, wrestling, top danda (similar to stickball), and kite fighting. Large crowds are also drawn to dog, cock, partridge, and quail fights. Some of the universal sports that are popular in Afghanistan are soccer, volleyball, basketball, boxing, martial arts, weight lifting, body building, bicycle racing, running, archery and shooting. 21

58 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 30 Lesson Vocabulary Listen and become familiar with these words: جشن استقلال ] = ا زادی رسم گذشت ورزش ] = سپورت festivity / celebration [ independence parade [ sport ball توپ بازی مسابقه play / game contest / game / race field ميدان stadium ستديوم zoo / zoological garden باغ وحش soccer فوتبال volleyball واليبال basketball باسکتبال wrestling ک شتی گيری ] = ک شتی] (پهلوانی ( buzkashi بزکشی کاغذ پران ] = گ دی پران کاغذ پران بازی ] = گ دی پران بازی جوان [ kite [ kite flying youth / young man (woman) ticket تکت all over سرتاسر ] = سراسر [ nobody / no one / no person هيچکس هريک ] = هرکدام هيچيک ] = هيچکدام هرچيز ] = همه چيز هيچ چيز بعضی مردم ] = بعضی اشخاص] ] = بعضی ها most اکثر ] = بيشتر] (بسياری ( يک تعداد ] = يکعده] ] = عده ای while درحاليکه تجليل کردن/ کن/ کرد بازی کردن/ کن/ کرد [ each one / either one / any one [ none / neither [ everything / anything nothing / anything [ some people [ a number / a few / some to celebrate to play 22

59 Lesson 30 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari ١ کاغذ پران بازی کردن / کن/ کرد تماشا کردن/ کن/ کرد (سيل کدن اجرا کردن/ کن/ کرد ياد شدن/ شو/ شد ] = خوانده شدن/ شو/ شد to fly a kite ( to watch / to see to perform / to carry out [ to be called / to be known as both Mustafa Rasuli 1 The compound verb کاغذ پران بازی کردن or گ دی پران بازی کردن to fly a kite literally means to play a kite. 23

60 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 30 Homework A. You will hear five expressions. Four fit together logically but one does not. Which one does not fit? Write it down in Dari. What do the others have in common? B. Listen and fill in the blanks with the missing words. Then translate each item into English. درا خرهفته شاگردان بازی ميکنند. ء تکت مسابقه فوتبال را نخريده است. بعضی مردم را خوش ندارند. ا يا را ياد داريد C. Write the following in Dari: We want to see the buzkashi game. (informal-conversational) Don t you like kite flying? (singular, informal) Everybody can see the soccer game. Where will the military parade be performed? 24

61 Lesson 30 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Narrative (Structures) As you work through the narrative model on the next page, you will discover examples of these structures: Structure indefinite pronouns Dari word(s) English meaning demonstrative pronoun relative clause using which verbs in the passive voice clause with conjunction while adjectives prepositional phrases compound verbs: to seem to watch to play 25

62 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 30 Narrative (Model) Defend America ء هفته ا ينده روزاستقلال افغانستان است. هرکس خوشحال به نظر ميرسد. اين روز که يک رخصتی عمومی ميباشد به نام جشن استقلال نيزخوانده ميشود. جشن استقلال نه تنها درکابل بلکه درسرتا سرافغانستان تجليل می شود. درا کثر شهرها رسم گذشت ١ عسکری ومسابقات جالب ورزشی اجرا ميشود. بعضی مردم به ديدن بزکشی ميروند درحاليکه بعضی ديگر مسابقات فوتبال را تماشا می کنند. يکتعداد جوانان دراين روز کاغذ پران بازی ميکنند. 1. Listen repeatedly until you understand what is being said. 2. Read along with the recorded voice. Practice Dari pronunciation. 3. Complete the grid with examples. Note the English meanings. 4. If called on, point out the different structures on the SmartBoard.. مسابقه ها or مسابقات game / contest is either مسابقه 1 The plural form of 26

63 Lesson 30 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Narrative (Variations) USAID / OTI ء هفته ا ينده روز استقلال افغانستان است. هرکس خوشحال به نظرميرسد. اين روز که يک رخصتی عمومی ميباشد به نام جشن استقلال نيزخوانده ميشود. جشن استقلال نه تنها درکابل بلکه درسرتا سرافغانستان تجليل می شود. درا کثر شهرها رسم گذشت عسکری ومسابقات جالب ورزشی اجرا ميشود. بعضی مردم به ديدن بزکشی ميروند درحاليکه بعضی ديگر مسابقات فوتبال را تماشا می کنند. يکتعداد جوانان در اين روز کاغذ پران بازی ميکنند. يکتعداد مزارشريف مهم هرجا مقبول يکعده جا های ديگر مختلف ماه ا ينده کشتی گيری باسکتبال هيجانی هرات فوتبال رنگين کاغذ پران بازی خطرناک اکثر قندهار حميد بزکشی همه جا فردا بعضی خوش جالب 1. Create new narratives by choosing different words from the box to replace the shaded parts of the text. 2. Use the remaining class time to practice talking in the past tense about what Hamid and his family did during the recent Independence Day. 27

64 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 30 Exchange (Structures) 1. Listen and pay attention to conversational forms that differ from formal Dari. Highlight them in the transcripts on the next pages. 2. Practice the exchange for fluency and good pronunciation, along with the native speakers. 3. Answer the following questions. Write key words in Dari. تيمورچی ره ميخايه ببينه ده کجا ء تکت مسابقه بزکشی چند اس جمال ده او روزچی ميکنه فريد چی ميکنه نازی چرا کاغذ پران بازی نميکنه 4. Practice asking about and telling each other the information. Also practice your own questions. 28

65 Lesson 30 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Exchange (Models) Jamal and Timur talk about their plans for Independence Day. ده روز جشن چی ميکنی جمال: ء ميخايم مسابقه بزکشی ره ببينم. تيمور: مسابقه ده کجاس جمال: ده ستديوم کابل. تيمور: تکت های مسابقه قيمت اس جمال: نی. تکت ها ۵٠ افغانيس. تو چی ميکنی جمال جان تيمور ء مه مسابقه فوتباله می بينم. جمال: Luke Powell Kerry Saner 29

66 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 30 Exchange (Models) Nazi and her brother Farid talk about their plans for Independence Day. نازی: فريد: نازی: فريد: نازی: فريد جان روزاستقلال رخصتيس. کجا ميری سينما ميرم. ده ای روزهيچکس سينما نميره. بريم ميدان کاغذ پران بازی. نازی جان تو يک دختراستی. دخترها کاغذ پران بازی نميکنن. ميفامم. مه تنها سيل ميکنم. Luke Powell 30

67 Lesson 30 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Exchange (Variations) Luke Powell 31

68 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 30 Gisting DoD Media 1. Listen repeatedly. 2. In Dari, report one or more things that you understood, after each iteration. 3. Summarize the essential points in English. 4. Practice a similar dialog with a partner, making up variations. 32

69 Lesson 30 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Luke Powell USINFO John Wicart Defenselink 33

70 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 30 Extended Practice These are suggestions for personalized and integrated activities. Work briskly through the warm-up steps. Be prepared when you are called on. Your instructor will manage the time so that no more than 10 minutes are spent on the warm-up. Warm-up (only one student per task) 1. Think of a sport or leisure-time activity you can name in Dari. Mention one thing you need for it. Your classmates will guess the sport/activity. 2. Tell what leisure time activity you like. 3. Ask your teacher if he or she enjoys flying a kite. If so, ask if he or she has a kite. 4. Tell your teacher the last time you went to the movies. Say how many tickets you bought. 5. Dictate to your classmates five verb forms from this lesson. They will have to write and say what each means. Talking about an American (sports) event Think of an event that usually draws a large crowd. Describe the event, and say when and where it occurs. Prepare notes. Now talk about the event. 34

71 Lesson 30 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Role-plays One of the following situations is outlined in Dari. Which one? ء ء ء شما درافغانستان هستيد ودرباره پلان های برگذاری مشترک يک مسابقه دوستانه ء ء سپورتی با يک قطعه عسکری افغانی صحبت می کنيد. يک مسابقه مناسب وروز ساعت ومحل اجرای ا ن را تعيين کنيد. (1) You are in Afghanistan. You are interested in attending an event at Kabul stadium. A hawker out front offers you tickets at half price. Check the tickets to see if they are indeed for today s event. Accept or decline. (2) A melee erupted at the stadium prior to the start of a wrestling match. Security was called in. You are helping to clear the arena. Tell an Afghan: There will be no wrestling Everybody has to leave There will be no exceptions The Afghan holds a ticket for the event. (3) You are stationed in Afghanistan. You are discussing plans for a friendship sports event to be held jointly with an Afghan military unit. Choose a suitable contest, day, time and location. Now act out these role-plays with a partner. 35

72 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 30 Authentic Material Recognize words in short texts. Practice reading, listening and also short speaking or writing tasks. Hone your dictionary skills. Aseem Koshan 1. Count the items shown in the picture. Say how many there are, in Dari. 2. What do you think the boy is doing? Say it in Dari. 3. Read the photo caption. Was the picture taken on Independence Day? Y/N Explain your answer. 4. In pairs, suggest to each other in Dari: to buy some of these ( Let s. ) to put them to use a specific day and place for the activity. 36

73 Lesson 30 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari USINFO John Wicart درزمان طالبان غازی ستديوم که درمرکزشهرکابل قراردارد به محل اجرای اعدام ها مبدل شده بود و يک جای بسيار بدنام به شمارميرفت. اکثر تيمهای سپورت مخصوصا تيم ملی فوتبال افغانستان کاملا غيرفعال بودند. اين مطلب را حبيب االله نيازی مربی تيم ملی فوتبال افغانستان اظهارداشت. ا قای نيازی افزود: " ما مشکلات زيادی داشتيم. عده ای ازجوانان ما که توسط من و مربيان ديگر تربيه شده بودند به خارج ازکشور رفتند. همين اکنون بيش ازپنجاه نفرازشاگردان من درا لمان امريکا وبعضی ء جاهای زندگی ميکنند." حبيب االله نيازی که درمورد ا ينده ورزش درافغانستان بسياراميدواربه نظرميرسد گفت: " درحال حاضر يکتعداد زياد فوتبال بازان ما برای شرکت کردن درمسابقات فوتبال به سطح ملی ومنطقوی تمرين ميکنند. " با ا نهم مربی تيم ملی فوتبال افغانستان عقيده دارد که بهترشدن وضع سپورت در ء کشوربه کمک جامعه بين المللی ومنابع داخلی احتياج دارد. Pictured above is Mr. Habibullah Niazi, who was interviewed for this article. 1. Listen to the audio clip as you look at his photo. What do you think his job is? Make a guess. 2. Read the article silently until you find the job mentioned right after his name. Look up the meaning of the word to determine if you guessed correctly. 3. Highlight all the words that you understood from the audio. 4. Listen again as you read along. Two countries besides Afghanistan are mentioned. Underline the sentence which contains these two names, and translate it into English. 5. Circle the indefinite pronouns in the text. There are three (3). Say them in Dari. 6. Time permitting, read the article for additional information. 37

74 Lesson 31 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari LESSON 31 At the Company Barracks Vocabulary: Related to barracks facilities and duty Grammar: Prepositions of place describing physical layout ( is located between ); negation of the modal verb بايد must / should Functions: Describe physical layout and location. Command a subordinate. Skills: Develop command skills. Develop an awareness of Afghan army Situations: A new soldier describes life in the barracks; a company sergeant disciplines a soldier. Prepositions of place Grammar Notes In this lesson, more prepositions of place are introduced. Take a look at some examples: بين هردوچپرکت يک الماری هست Between every two beds there is a locker, inside which the soldiers keep their که سربازان چيزهای مهم شان را درداخل ا ن نگهميدارند. important things. تخته ء اعلانات روی ديوارقراردارد. پايه ء بيرق مقابل بارک هست. ميدان تعليم سربازان درعقب بارک واقع است. The bulletin board is on the wall. The flagpole is in front of the barracks. The soldiers training field is located behind the barracks. Note: As mentioned in Lesson 7, the preposition در at/in is often added to other prepositions. Sometimes, به to is used in its place. Thus, the phrases بين دوچپرکت and examples: both mean between two beds. Look at more دربين دوچپرکت locker inside the به داخل الماری = درداخل الماری = داخل الماری wall on the به روی ديوار = درروی ديوار = روی ديوار barracks in front of the به مقابل بارک = درمقابل بارک = مقابل بارک barracks behind the به عقب بارک = درعقب بارک = عقب بارک 39

75 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 31 Negation of the modal verb بايد must / should As you already know, in order to convert an affirmative statement to negative, we add the syllable /na/ represented by the letter ن [noon] and the unrepresented vowel /a/ to the main verb. Look at a couple of examples: Affirmative works. Hamid حميد کارميکند. Herat. They went to ا نها به هرات رفتند. Negative work. Hamid does not حميد کارنميکند. Herat. They did not go to ا نها به هرات نرفتند. To negate a sentence containing the modal verb بايد, we can either add the syllable /na/ to with the بايد and keeping the rest of the sentence intact, or use نبايد itself, changing it to بايد negative form of the main verb. Look at the following examples and compare: + Affirmative verb نبايد + Negative verb بايد English translation حميد نبايد کارکند. حميد بايد کارنکند. work. Hamid must not ا نها نبايد به هرات ميرفتند. ا نها بايد به هرات نميرفتند. They should not have gone to Herat. Here is an example of نبايد used in conversational Dari: ده سرالماری ها وزيرچپرکت ها نبايد هيچ چيزی ره بانيم. We must not put anything over the lockers and under the beds. 40

76 Lesson 31 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson Vocabulary Listen and become familiar with these words: ء دايره تولی arms depot ديپوی اسلحه ] = سلاح کوت [ company orderly room sleeping room / quarters قاغوش locker / closet / cabinet الماری bed / bedstead چپرکت ] = تختخواب] (تخت خو ( bunk bed چپرکت دوطبقه يی (چپرکت دومنزله ( wall ديوار (ديوال ( bulletin board ء اعلانات تخته پايه بيرق انضباط ] = دسپلين announcement اعلاميه flag بيرق flagpole ء [ discipline regulations مقررات night curfew قيود شبگردی service خدمت چيز ] = شی [ thing / stuff / substance راحت ] = ا رام [ comfortable نا راحت[ = نا ا رام] (نارام ( uncomfortable پاک (ستره ( clean کثيف (چتل) (چرک ( dirty منظم ] = مرتب [ kept in order / well-kept / neat نامنظم ] = نامرتب] (گدود ( disorganized / messy بين ] = مابين] ] = ميان [ between / among عقب ] = پشت ] (پشت سر ( behind تحت [ زير [ = under / beneath so / so much چندان نگهداشتن ] = نگاهداشتن]/ دار/ داشت گذاشتن/ گذار/ گذاشت ] = ماندن/ مان/ ماند نصب کردن/ کن/ کرد (بند کدن برداشتن/ بردار/ برداشت (ورداشتن گذشتاندن/ گذران/ گذشتاند (تيرکدن to keep / to protect / to prevent [ to put / to place ( to post / to install ( to pick up / to remove ( to pass / to get through / to complete 41

77 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 31 Homework A. You will hear five expressions. Four fit together logically but one does not. Which one does not fit? Write it down in Dari. What do the others have in common? B. Listen and fill in the blanks with the missing words. Then translate each item into English. سربازان بايد ها را منظم نگهدارند. کتاب های تان را زير چپرکت بگذاريد. لباس های کثيف را ازاينجا. درکجا واقع است C. Write the following in Dari: The bunk beds are not so comfortable. A new announcement has been posted on the bulletin board. After cleaning your sleeping rooms, go the company orderly room. (plural) The night curfew will start at 10 p.m. 42

78 Lesson 31 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Narrative (Structures) As you work through the narrative model on the next page, you will discover examples of these structures: Structure relative clauses Dari word(s) English meaning prepositional phrases possessive construction with short form of pronoun verb to exist in the present tense verb in subjunctive mood verb in the passive voice 43

79 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 31 Narrative (Model) سربازان دربارک زندگی ميکنند. درداخل بارک معمولا قاغوش ها تشنابها ديپوی ء اسلحه و دايره تولی وجود دارد. سربازان روی چپرکت های دو طبقه يی که چندان راحت نيست ميخوابند. معمولا بين هر دو چپرکت يک الماری هست که سربازان ء چيزهای مهم شان را درداخل ا ن نگهميدارند. اعلاميه ها به تخته اعلانات که روی ء ١ ديواردهليزقراردارد نصب ميشود. روبروی بارک پايه بيرق ودرعقب ا ن ميدان تعليم است. بارک بايد هميشه پاک ومنظم باشد. Defend America 1. Listen repeatedly until you understand what is being said. 2. Read along with the recorded voice. Practice Dari pronunciation. 3. Complete the grid with examples. Note the English meanings. 4. If called on, point out the different structures on the SmartBoard. 1 As discussed in Lesson 20, when constructing the passive voice of compound verbs containing the verb. نصب ميشود becomes نصب کرده ميشود Thus,. (کرده ( participle, we often omit its past کردن 44

80 Lesson 31 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Narrative (Variations) Defend America سربازان دربارک زندگی ميکنند. درداخل بارک معمو لا قاغوش ها تشنابها ديپوی ء اسلحه و دايره تولی وجود دارد. سربازان روی چپرکت های دو طبقه يی که چندان راحت نيست ميخوابند. معمولا بين هر دو چپرکت يک الماری هست که سربازان ء چيزهای مهم شان را درداخل ا ن نگهميدارند. اعلاميه ها به تخته اعلانات که روی ء ديواردهليزقراردارد نصب ميشود. روبروی بارک پايه بيرق و درعقب ا ن ميدان تعليم است. بارک بايد هميشه پاک ومنظم باشد. پنجه نامنظم چوکی درعقب طعامخانه لباس ميز بسيار ناراحت درپهلوی است ميدان فوتبال غذا ميخورند نبايد قاغوش زير پيشروی کتاب سر ميدان تعليم ء دايره تولی قاشق کمی هيچوقت کثيف ديپوی اسلحه 1. Create new narratives by choosing different words from the box to replace the shaded parts of the text. 2. Use the remaining class time to talk about a university (campus). Also mention if there is a night curfew. 45

81 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 31 Exchange (Structures) 1. Listen and pay attention to conversational forms that differ from formal Dari. Highlight them in the transcripts on the next pages. 2. Practice the exchange for fluency and good pronunciation, along with the native speakers. 3. Answer the following questions. Write key words in Dari. چرا زندگی ده بارک سخت اس قاغوش بايد چطورباشه نان سربازها خوب اس چپرکت ها چطوراس الماری ها چطوراس سربازها کتابهای خوده ده کجا بايد بانن مقررات بارک ده کجا نوشته شده 4. Practice asking about and telling each other the information. Also practice your own questions. 46

82 Lesson 31 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Exchange (Models) Wahid talks to his father about life in the barracks. Defend America وحيد: پدر: وحيد: پدر: وحيد: پدر: پدرجان زندگی ده بارک ها بسيارسخت اس. چرا بچيم. ١ انضباط عسکری زياد اس. هرروز صبح وخت بايد ازخ وبخيزيم. قاغوشه بايد هميشه پاک ومرتب نگاه کنيم. نان ما چندان خوب نيس. چپرکت های ما بسيارنارام والماری های ما بی اندازه خورد اس. اگه الماريت خورد اس بعضی چيزهايته ده سرالماری يا ده زيرچپرکتت بان. ده سرالماری ها وزيرچپرکت ها نبايد هيچ چيزی ره بانيم. ء ميدانم که زندگی ده قشله عسکری ا سان نيس ولی مرد ها بايد خدمت عسکری ره تيرکنن. 1 The prepositional phrase ازخواب from sleep is often added to the verb برخاستن to get up / to rise. For example, ساعت شش صبح ازخواب برخاستم I got up at six in the morning. (Lit., I got up from sleep at six in the morning. ) 47

83 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 31 Exchange (Models) The Company Sergeant talks to a new recruit. خوردضابط تولی: سرباز: خوردضابط تولی: سرباز: خوردضابط تولی: سرباز: خوردضابط تولی: سرباز: ای لباس ها ده زيرچپرکت ازکيس ازمه اس صاحب. اونها ره ازاينجه وردار. ای جای لباس نيس. به چشم صاحب. کتاب هايته هم ازسرچپرکت وردار ودرون الماری بان. بسيارخوب صاحب. ء توده اينجه نواستی. تخته اعلاناته بخان. تمام چيزها راجع به مقررات بارک ده اونجه نوشته شده. باشه. فاميدی بلی صاحب. Defend America 48

84 Lesson 31 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Exchange (Variations) Defend America 49

85 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 31 Gisting 1. Listen repeatedly. 2. In Dari, report one or more things that you understood, after each iteration. 3. Summarize the essential points in English. 4. Practice a similar dialog with a partner, making up variations. 50

86 Lesson 31 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Extended Practice These are suggestions for personalized and integrated activities. Work briskly through the warm-up steps. Be prepared when you are called on. Your instructor will manage the time so that no more than 10 minutes are spent on the warm-up. Warm-up (only one student per task) 1. Quickly name five or more things typically found in a military barracks. 2. Think of your favorite easy chair. Now describe it with two or three adjectives: It is. 3. Name two or more military people whom you see regularly at a location on post. 4. Ask your teacher if he or she reads the announcements on the bulletin board. 5. Dictate to your classmates five verb forms from this lesson. They will have to write and say what each means. Talking about an exemplary noncommissioned officer Think of an NCO you know well. Talk about what this person does at the company. Give a brief physical description as well. Prepare notes. Now talk about the NCO. 51

87 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 31 Role-plays One of the following situations is outlined in Dari. Which one? ازاينکه نتوانسته ايد صنف را پاک و مرتب بسازيد ازمعلم تان معذرت بخواهيد. صنف بسيارنامنظم است. به معلم تان اطمينان بدهيد که پاکيزگی ودسپلين درصنف بهترخواهد شد. (1) You have an appointment at the Afghan Police Academy in Kabul, where you will be a guest speaker. You are to report to the orderly room. At the entrance to the compound, ask for directions and repeat them for confirmation. (2) Apologize to your teacher for not having picked up around the classroom. The place is a mess. Assure your teacher that cleanliness and discipline will improve in class. Now act out these role-plays with a partner. 52

88 Lesson 31 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Authentic Material Recognize words in short texts. Practice reading, listening and also short speaking or writing tasks. Hone your dictionary skills. Aseem Koshan 1. Read the text. What is the original source of this news item? Say it in Dari. 2. Mention which noun(s) in the text you know already. 3. Look up the circled words in the dictionary. 4. Listen to the recording. Be mindful of additional recognizable vocabulary. Say the key words you recognized. 53

89 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 31 USINFO John Wicart اردوی ملی افغانستان درحال حاضر درمرکز تعليمی نظامی کابل که درپل چرخی واقع است تحت تعليم وتربيه قراردارد. اردوی ملی باداشتن کندک های مرکب ازسربازان متعلق به اقوام مختلف نه تنها امنيت را درکشوربهترميسازد بلکه اختلافات قومی را نيزکاهش ميبخشد. درميان افراد تازه وارد صد ها مرد جوان تاجک پشتون ازبک و هزاره وجود دارند. ا نها دربارک های عسکری باهم یکجا زندگی ميکنند. خورد ضابط رحيم االله یکی ازمربيان کندک های جدید که متعلق به قوم پشتون است ازپشت ء ء ميزکارش دردایره تولی چنين گفت: " برای ا ینده افغانستان بسياراميدواراستم واطمينان دارم که ء ء همه افغانها ازشمال جنوب شرق وغرب کشوربه حيث یک ملت واحد وطن ویران شده خود را دوباره ا باد خواهند کرد." 1. Guess what this text is about, getting your clues from the photo. Now look up the circled words to find out who the pictured soldiers are. 2. Listen to the recording to find out additional information about: the training site the soldiers 3. Say what you understood in Dari. 4. Read the remainder of the text. Find out who is quoted. Underline the sentence that gives information about this person. Now compose at least three short sentences about the individual, using this information. 5. State in English which cardinal directions are mentioned. 54

90 Lesson 31 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari both Defend America 55

91 Lesson 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari LESSON 32 An Afghan Suspect Vocabulary: Related to traffic stops, vehicle and body searches, contraband اولچک Grammar: Indirect speech; reporting verbs; usage of the verb matter? What s the چی گپ اس to handcuff ; the idiom کردن Functions: Deal with a person under control. Skills: Develop interrogation/command skills. Situation: A policeman stops someone, conducts a body and vehicle search, and proceeds to take the suspect into custody. Indirect speech Grammar Notes Indirect speech (also known as reported speech ) expresses the exact meaning of what people say but does not quote their exact words. Switching from direct speech to indirect speech requires three changes in English: in the use of pronouns and verb tense and in the (optional) inclusion of the conjunction that. Both English and Dari require a change in the pronoun to match the speaker with the reporter. Direct Indirect علی ميگويد که اولايسنس رانندگی ندارد. علی ميگويد "من لايسنس رانندگی ندارم." Ali says, I do not have a driver s license. Ali says (that) he does not have a driver s license. English and Dari, however, differ in the way they treat verb tenses. In English, if the reporting verb is in the past tense, the verb in indirect speech will usually also be in a past form. In Dari, however, it is the tense of the original speech that is retained. علی گفت "من لايسنس رانندگی ندارم." علی گفت که اولايسنس رانندگی ندارد. Ali said, I do not have a driver s license. Ali said (that) he did not have a driver s license. Another difference is in the use of that in indirect speech. Dari almost always uses the conjunction که that, whereas in English it is optional. 57

92 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 32 Let s compare some more examples of direct and indirect speech in Dari and English: علی گفت که اولايسنس رانندگی خواهد گرفت. Ali said (that) he would get a driver s license. علی گفت "من لايسنس رانندگی خواهم گرفت." Ali said, I will get a driver s license. علی ميگويد که اولايسنس رانندگی نگرفته است. علی ميگويد "من لايسنس رانندگی نگرفته ام." Ali says, I have not gotten a driver s license. Ali says (that) he has not gotten a driver s license. Since Dari tends to drop pronouns when not needed, note the shortened sentences: علی گفت "لايسنس رانندگی ندارم." علی گفت که لايسنس رانندگی ندارد. Ali says, I do not have a driver s license. Ali says (that) he does not have a driver s license. علی ميگويد که لايسنس رانندگی خواهد گرفت. Ali says (that) he will get a driver s license. علی گفت که لايسنس رانندگی خواهد گرفت. Ali said (that) he would get a driver s license. علی ميگويد که لايسنس رانندگی نگرفته است. Ali says (that) he has not gotten a driver s license. علی گفت که لايسنس رانندگی نگرفته است. Ali said (that) he had not gotten a driver s license. علی ميگويد "لايسنس رانندگی خواهم گرفت." Ali says, I will get a driver s license. علی گفت "لايسنس رانندگی خواهم گرفت." Ali said, I will get a driver s license. علی ميگويد "لايسنس رانندگی نگرفته ام." Ali says, I have not gotten a driver s license. علی گفت "لايسنس رانند گی نگرفته ام." Ali said, I have not gotten a driver s license. Now examine examples of indirect speech from this lesson and determine if pronouns were used or dropped: مرد گفت که لايسنس رانندگی ندارد. مرد گفت که ا ن تفنگ ها برای شکاراست. The man said (that) he did not have a driver s license. The man said (that) those guns were for hunting. Reporting verbs in Dari The most commonly used reporting verb is گفتن to say / to tell. However, there are many others which can more accurately describe what someone has said. Verbs like خواستن to ask, تقاضا کردن to request, and امرکردن to order can convey different nuances. Such verbs require their object to perform an action. In Dari, prepositions must accompany these verbs (lit., to ask of to tell to to order to ). Note the different formulas: 58

93 Lesson 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari English: Example: Dari: Example: Reporting verb + Object + Infinitive of main verb The policeman asked the motorist to show his driver s license. Object of preposition + Reporting verb + که + Subjunctive of main verb پوليس ازموترسوارخواست که لايسنس رانندگی اش را نشان بدهد. Can you identify the prepositions accompanying the reporting verbs in these Dari sentences? وحيد به من ميگويد که کارت هويتم را درجيبم بگذارم. به شاگردان بگوييد که ازسرويس پايين شوند. به دوستانم خواهم گفت که بامن به شکاربروند. Wahid tells me to put my ID card in my pocket. Tell the students to get off the bus. I will tell my friends to go hunting with me. The following are two examples from this lesson, showing how Dari uses the main verb in the present subjunctive mood regardless of the reporting verb s tense: The policeman told him to show his پوليس به اوگفت که لايسنس رانندگی اش را نشان بدهد. driver s license. The policeman ordered him to get out of the پوليس به او امرکرد که ازموترپايين شود. car. The verb اولچک کردن to handcuff دستها hand or دست In English, you handcuff a person (or people). In Dari, you cuff the hands of a person (people). Observe the following examples and compare: پوليس دست های مظنون را اولچک کرد. The policeman handcuffed the suspect. (Lit., The policeman handcuffed the suspect s hands. ) ا يا دستهای ا نها اولچک کرده شده است Have they been handcuffed? (Lit., Have their hands been handcuffed? ) Note: The last example could be shortened by dropping the past participle of the helping : کرده to do which is کردن verb ا يا دستهای ا نها اولچک شده است Have they been handcuffed? Notice the conversational form in this example: دست هايته اولچک ميکنم. I am going to handcuff you. 59

94 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 32 Different ways to express means and purpose In English, you can cut with a knife, use a knife for cutting or use a knife to cut. Thus, you can express means and purpose. In Dari, you have the option to express this notion with either the preposition برای for or با with. Note the Dari formulas for the proper use of برای for : Example: Preposition + Noun form of verb /or/ Preposition + Verb infinitive تفنگ برای شکاراست. تفنگ برای شکارکردن است. A gun is for hunting. A gun is for hunting. Here is the formula for using the preposition با with : Example: Preposition + Proper form of verb gun. We hunt with a با تفنگ شکارميکنيم. Look at some more examples: food. We use a spoon and fork for eating ازقاشق وپنجه برای غذا خوردن استفاده ميکنيم. با قاشق وپنجه غذا ميخوريم. We eat food with a spoon and fork. قلم برای نوشتن است. A pen is for writing. با قلم می نويسيم. We write with a pen. چی گپ اس The Dari idiom In their daily conversations, Dari speakers often use the expression چی گپ اس, lit., What is the talk? or What is the word? meaning: What s the matter? / What is going on? / What s up? Here is an example of this idiom used in a dialog in this lesson: چی گپ اس صاحب What is the matter sir? 60

95 Lesson 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson Vocabulary Listen and become familiar with these words: policeman پوليس police station ماموريت پوليس suspect مظنون investigation تحقيقات jail زندان ] = محبس] (بندی خانه ( intersection چارراهی شکار چاقو مواد مخدر ] = مواد مخدره چرس ] = حشيش hunting / prey gun / rifle تفنگ jackknife / pocketknife [ narcotics / drugs [ hashish opium ترياک heroin هيرويين لايسنس رانندگی ] = جوازرانندگی] (ليسنس ( driver s license pocket جيب bag خريطه (خلته ( trunk تول بکس ء جعبه دشبورد مقدار (اندازه motorist موترسوار something چيزی ] = کدام چيزی [ هيچ everything همه چيز هرچيز to stop ايستاد کردن/ کن/ کرد to order امرکردن/ کن/ کرد ] = دستوردادن/ ده/ داد [ to search تلاشی کردن/ کن/ کرد اولچک کردن/ کن/ کرد پايين شدن ] = پياده شدن] / شو/ شد (پايان شدن glove compartment ( amount / quantity none / not any anything / everything to handcuff ( to get out of / to get off (transportation) 61

96 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 32 Homework A. You will hear five expressions. Four fit together logically but one does not. Which one does not fit? Write it down in Dari. What do the others have in common? B. Listen and fill in the blanks with the missing words. Then translate each item into English. پوليس دست های مظنون را. ا يا ازاين تفنگ برای استفاده ميکنيد به ا ن مرد بگوييد که بگيرد. ء خالد گفت که درجعبه دشبوردش نيست. C. Write the following in Dari: The sergeant ordered the soldiers to go to the training field. Sharif said he wanted to become a policeman. Have you searched the trunk of this car? (singular, formal) He slowly got off his horse. 62

97 Lesson 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Narrative (Structures) As you work through the narrative model on the next page, you will discover examples of these structures: Structure reporting verbs in the past tense Dari word(s) English meaning indirect speech prefaced by said indefinite pronouns negation definite direct objects verb to seem in the past progressive tense verbs in subjunctive mood 63

98 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 32 Narrative (Model) ١ ديروز پوليس يک موترسوار را در يک چار راهی ايستاد کرد. مرد مظنون به نظر ميرسيد. پوليس به اوگفت که لايسنس رانندگی اش را نشان بدهد. مرد گفت که ٢ لايسنس ندارد. پوليس به اوامرکرد که ازموترپايين شود. پس ازا ن او را تلاشی ٣ کرد. درجيبهای اوهيچ چيزنبود. در داخل تول بکس موترش دو ميل تفنگ و يک مقدارهيرويين بود. مرد گفت که ا ن تفنگ ها برای شکاراست. پوليس او را برای تحقيقات به ماموريت پوليس برد. مظنون شايد به زندان برود. Defenselink 1. Listen repeatedly until you understand what is being said. 2. Read along with the recorded voice. Practice Dari pronunciation. 3. Complete the grid with examples. Note the English meanings. 4. If called on, point out the different structures on the SmartBoard.. پليس 1 Also spelled license. لايسنس driver s license is often shortened to لايسنس رانندگی 2 ميل 3 As discussed in Lesson 27, Dari uses various counters with different categories of nouns. The word barrel is one such counter used with تفنگ gun / rifle and other firearms. 64

99 Lesson 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Narrative (Variations) ديروز پوليس يک موتر سوار را در يک چار راهی ايستاد کرد. مرد مظنون به نظر ميرسيد. پوليس به اوگفت که لايسنس رانندگی اش را نشان بدهد. مرد گفت که لايسنس ندارد. پوليس به او امرکرد که از موترپايين شود. پس ازا ن او را تلاشی کرد. درجيبهای اوهيچ چيز نبود. در داخل تول بکس موترش دو ميل تفنگ و يک مقدارهيرويين بود. مرد گفت که ا ن تفنگ ها برای شکاراست. پوليس او را برای تحقيقات به ماموريت پوليس برد. مظنون شايد به زندان برود. چرس قصابی پل بود کارت هويت راه خامه پول امروز ترياک چاقو سرک بايد چهار ديشب برود دوچاقو نرود سه ء هفته گذشته مواد مخدره 1. Create new narratives by choosing different words from the box to replace the shaded parts of the text. 2. Use the remaining class time to practice talking about a car with several men being pulled over and searched by policemen. Remember to use the plural forms of verbs and pronouns. Defend America 65

100 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 32 Exchange (Structures) 1. Listen and pay attention to conversational forms that differ from formal Dari. Highlight them in the transcript on the next page. 2. Practice the exchange for fluency and good pronunciation, along with the native speakers. 3. Answer to the following questions. Write key words in Dari. پوليس به موترسوارچی گفت موترسوارچی نداشت ده جيب هايش چی بود ده تول بکس موترچی پيداشد راجع به تفنگ ها چی گفت پوليس بايد اوره کجا ببره چرا 4. Practice asking about and telling each other the information. Also practice your own questions. 66

101 Lesson 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Exchange (Models) A policeman stops a motorist and searches him. موتره ايستاد کو! چی گپ اس صاحب ليسنسته نشان بتی! ليسنس ندارم. ازموتر پايان شو. ده جيب هايت چی داری هيچ چيز. ده تول بکست چی داری ده تول بکس کالايم اس کتی بعضی چيزهای دگه. دست هايته ا ستا بالا کو! دوربخو! بايد تره تلاشی کنم. The policeman finds something in the trunk. پوليس: موترسوار: پوليس: موترسوار: پوليس: موترسوار: پوليس: موترسوار: پوليس: پوليس: موترسوار: پوليس: موترسوار: پوليس: موترسوار: پوليس: تول بکسه وازکو! حالی ده اونجه ايستاد شو! به چشم صاحب. ای تفنگها ازتوس بلی. ازاونا بری شکاراستفاده ميکنم. ده درون ای خلته ها چيس کمی نمک اس. ای نمک نيس. هيرويين اس. حرکت نکو! دست هايته اولچک ميکنم. تره بايد به ماموريت پوليس ببرم. USMC sxc 67

102 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 32 Exchange (Variations) Defend America 68

103 Lesson 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Gisting 1. Listen repeatedly. 2. In Dari, report one or more things that you understood, after each iteration. 3. Summarize the essential points in English. 4. Practice a similar dialog with a partner, making up variations. Defend America 69

104 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 32 Extended Practice These are suggestions for personalized and integrated activities. Work briskly through the warm-up steps. Be prepared when you are called on. Your instructor will manage the time so that no more than 10 minutes are spent on the warm-up. Warm-up (only one student per task) 1. Quickly name five things that police would confiscate from a drug dealer. 2. Say five things that are part of a car. 3. Name five containers or storage compartments that can be full or empty. 4. Ask your teacher if he or she has a rifle. 5. Say what you have in your pockets. 6. Dictate to your classmates five verb forms from this lesson. They will have to write and say what each means. 70

105 Lesson 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Talking about a traffic stop Make up a story about any of these situations. Your classmates will identify the corresponding picture by giving its Dari ordinal number (e.g., 2 nd picture ). ٢ ١ ٣ ۴ all Defend America 71

106 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 32 Role-plays One of the following situations is outlined in Dari. Which one? ﺁﻟﻪء ﮐﺸﻒ ﻓﻠﺰرا ﺑﻠﻨﺪ. ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﺴﺆول ﺕﺄﻣﻴﻦ اﻣﻨﻴﺖ درﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﺱﻔﺎرت اﻣﺮﻳﮑﺎ درﮐﺎﺑﻞ اﺱﺘﻴﺪ. ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ وﺑﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﺎزدﻳﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﻴﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺧﻮاهﻴﺪ ﻳﮏ ﺕﻼﺷﯽ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ را اﻧﺠﺎم دهﻴﺪ. درﺟﻴﺒﻬﺎﯼ ﺁن ﺷﺨﺺ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ چﻴﺰﯼ را ﭘﻴﺪا ﮐﻨﻴﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻧﮑﻨﻴﺪ (1) You are providing security at the entrance to the American Embassy in the Afghan capital. Hold up the metal detector and tell the visitor that you will conduct a body search. You may or may not find anything in the person s pockets. (2) Your Afghan friend is leaving home, loading up his/her car. You are helping with the bags, asking what s in them. From what you hear you gather that your friend is a hunter, so you ask if he/she has a license. It turns out Afghans don t need a license for hunting, only for driving. Now act out these role-plays with a partner. USMC 72

107 Lesson 32 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Authentic Material Recognize words in short texts. Practice reading, listening and also short speaking or writing tasks. Hone your dictionary skills. 1. Listen to a short news clip. Explain it in English (in Dari, if you can.) 2. Read the headline of the article below. Compare it to the recorded news you just heard. What is similar and what is different? Speak English. Aseem Koshan 3. Find and underline the passive voice construction in the body of the article. 4. Find the three number-noun combinations in the text. What are they? Say them in Dari. 5. According to the article, Afghanistan s Ministry of the Interior is involved. What is the exact name of this government agency? Look up the circled words to find the literal translation. 73

108 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 32 Aseem Koshan 1. According to the news, a prominent Afghan intellectual was attacked. Find out the name of the victim. Say who it is. 2. Where did the victim suffer stab wounds? Say it in Dari. 3. The weapon is mentioned by name. Underline it. 4. When did this incident happen? Identify the day of the week. 5. The circled words refer to a category of weapons. Translate the term into English. Guess what the opposite might be. Say it in Dari, and name an example. 6. Now write two sentences in Dari, giving an example for each category of weapons: is a. 74