Organised Phonology Data

Transcription

1 Organised Phonology Data Auhelawa Language [KUD] Milne Bay Province Oceanic; Papuan Tip Cluster; Nuclear Papuan Tip; DobuDuau Network Population census: Major villages: Linguistic work done by: SIL (began in 1983) Data checked by: Phonemic and Orthographic Inventory a b b d h i k l m m n p p s t u w j a b bw d e g gw h i k l m mw n o p pw s t u v w y ' 'w A B Bw D E G Gw H I K L M Mw N O P Pw S T U V W Y ' 'W Consonants Bilab LabDen Dental Alveo Postalv Retro Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn Glottal Plosive p b t d k Nasal m n Trill Tap/Flap Fricative s h Lateral Fricative Approx Lateral Approx Ejective Stop Implos /w/ voiced labialpalatal approximant /p / voiceless labialized bilabial plosive /b / voiced labialized bilabial plosive /m / voiced labialized bilabial nasal / / voiced labialized velar plosive / / labialized lottal l j

2 Auhelawa OPD Printed: August 16, 2004 Page 2 p palae 'large canoe' peha 'shoulder bag' pihagi 'to crush' poposi 'bladder' pupu 'to pluck' wapi 'skin' tupa 'bump' hiwape 'widow' hapuli 'to miss' b balau 'sorcery' beha 'to search, look for' bihiya 'banana' bomatu 'NE wind' haba 'face mark' 'ebe 'in order to' habi 'to(infinitive) 'ehebo 'one' bubu 'to make' p pwalawasi 'flowers' pwehi 'drop of water' pwahapwaha 'rain' tupwa 'place, district' b bwahi 'rubbish pile' bweha 'to wean' tobwatobwa 'belongings' tubwe 'to join' m malahogo mehena miya moiha mulitai tuma memena yami tomowa mumuga tenem 'amlau lemhi 'flat land' 'his eye' 'to live' 'true' 'afterwards' 'flea, lice' 'his tongue' 'your (pl)' 'person' 'character' 'that' 'you (pl) go' 'to lick' m mwalowoi 'each' mweluluwa 'to create' daumwali 'calm at sea' vada 'house' vedi 'shell cup' vidai 'to peel vegetables thickly' vava 'lime pot' havena 'prohibition, don't hivi 'man's perineal band' w waihiu 'woman' we'aha 'water' wiyawiya 'small hairs on body' womali 'to stab' wuwuna 'because' vadawa 'that house' yauwedo 'greeting' towolo 'to stand' nuwatuwu 'thought' t tama 'father' teba 'to betray' tona 'be tasteless' tube 'to swim' vatavata 'platform' 'aiteya 'which' 'abitowoi 'to touch' wehatu 'shell weights' d dana 'sail of canoe' deba 'to go bald' dividivi 'small ant' dova 'like' duba 'heavy rain storms' vada 'house' debadebana 'bald' hinadi 'their mother' yadibidobi 'I am going down' bwaduwe 'bandicoot' n natugu 'my child' neta 'that, namely' nigele 'negative' no'ono'o 'praise' nuwadi 'their stomachs' tuna 'fresh water eel' hilalaune 'they went' modi'ini 'anger' 'inuma 'he drinks' s sagena 'to run' sela 'to be husky of throat' sili 'bat' so'e'eli 'to start' sula 'to string beads, fish' sausauyohe 'shack' se'ase'a 'millipede' hesi 'but' wesoweso 'maggots' 'abusugu 'my nose'

3 Auhelawa OPD Printed: August 16, 2004 Page 3 l lawana 'his,her motherinlaw' lele 'writing' lihiya 'bone' lowolowo 'bird' luwu 'to enter' mwalowoi 'death' nigele 'negative' mulitai 'then' talu 'to fall (rain)' silahe 'wound' j yana 'his' yehana 'his name' yiu 'the stern, rudder' you 'to bend, fold' yuvi 'to light fire, smoke' 'oya 'garden, mountain' 'amyemidi 'you (pl) believe' dobiuyo 'to go down again' 'aleha 'war' 'ini 'to sprout' 'ovi 'to finish' 'uma 'to plant' we'aha 'water' so'e'eli 'to start off' 'i'i'itane 'he saw' 'ale'o 'clothes' bale'u 'ground' gaba 'canoe plank' gelegeledi 'outside(pl)' ginauli 'thing' gonagona 'morning' guyau 'feast' saga 'to dance along' hinage 'also' bagi 'shell necklace' bwago 'contribution' hugu 'to bathe' gwaba 'meat' gwelagwelahuna 'yellow' laugwaipile 'to go back again' h haba 'face mark' heva 'floor' hivi 'man's perineal band' howo 'to rely on' huwali 'comb' boha 'basket' tahigu 'my same sex sibling' malahogu 'flat land' huhuna 'her breast' 'wapi 'wapuli pepe'wa 'skin' 'to wither' 'butterfly' k (only in some borrowed words) kelele 'adultery' kelose 'cross' kodo 'basket' kununa 'his head' kumwala 'sweet potato sp.' Vowels i u a

4 Auhelawa OPD Printed: August 16, 2004 Page 4 i 'ihae 'he goes up' lihiya 'bone' 'ini 'to sprout' waihiu 'woman' 'idouidi 'she cried over them' hidenaei 'they carried her off' 'ehebo 'one' yehana 'his name' heusili 'to chase, drive away' 'ainaede 'from it' 'ihae 'he goes up' 'oya 'garden' boha 'basket' 'ale'o 'clothes' 'iyapoe 'it came to the surface' 'ilaoma 'he comes' natunao 'her children' u 'uhae 'you go up' lugudi 'leaves' be'u 'to fall' 'uibai 'shellfish' maudoina 'all' talau 'we go' a 'a'ava 'in vain' vadawa 'that house' maudoina 'all' 'aegu 'my leg' natunao 'his children' Suprasegmentals (tone, stress, length) Stress is penultimate and shifts with the addition of another syllable to remain so: baba'bao 'uncles'. In some 3 syllable words stress shifts to antipenultimate, but even this fluctuates with individual speakers. Words longer than 2 or 3 syllables fall into patterns of 2 or 3 syllables with secondary stress but retain the main penultimate stress: yabayaba'bana 'ugly'. Stressed syllables tend to be lengthened. Syllable Patterns V ma.i.ha 'to be cooked' hi.de.na.e.i 'they carried her off' ha.e 'to go up' CV na 'and' va.da 'house' do.u 'to cry' 'i.mo.he 'he gives' ya.ha.e 'I go up' he.si 'but' The type CVC occurs occasioned by the loss of the final vowel in some CVmV sequences. CVC yam 'your (sg)' lem.hi 'to lick' i.tom.di 'he cut them' ma.nim 'your face' Conventions: Phonological In Auhelawa the /k/ of surrounding languages is replaced by glottal plosive in cognate words: Dobu Auhelawa kokolaka 'rat' 'o'ola'a 'rat' kelepa 'knife' However, these days some borrowed words are retaining the /k/, though there is no predicting which ones: kekele 'adultery' (Motu), kelose 'cross' (English), kununa 'his hair' (Duwau), kodo 'basket' (Dobu), but hu'u 'fish hook' (English). Auhelawa also shows a shift of /s/ in words cognate with surrounding languages to /h/: moiha 'true' (Bunama moisa), bwahi 'water' (Dobu bwasi). /s/ usually occurs initially, medial /s/ usually being the result of reduplication: suisui 'taro sucker', sesena 'swelling'. There are some medial /s/ not due to reduplication of the initial letter: vasavasane 'shore', hesi 'but.

5 Auhelawa OPD Printed: August 16, 2004 Page 5 /t/ in Auhelawa follows the pattern of surrounding languages and does not occur with /i/. /ti/ shifts to /si/. /v/ occurs with /i/, /e/ and /a/ but not with back vowels. /w/ occurs with all 5 vowels. Initial /wu/ reduces to /u/ following a vowel. There is a distinct difference in pronunciation. /h/ in Bunama becomes /v/ in Auhelawa: ve'ita 'teach' (Bunama he'ita), lovala 'stick' (Bunama lohala). Conventions: Orthographic Languages in the area are basically CV; CVV occur with the loss of a consonant, usually /h/. Often the cognate word with its /h/ can be found in a neighbouring dialect or language. We find it easier for all readers but especially beginning ones, to follow the underlying pattern of the language as closely as possible, therefore we write /y/ and /w/ where appropriate. Vowels moving to the same level or higher are written as VV: waihiu 'woman', yapoe 'to come to the surface', 'uibai 'shell fish'. Vowels moving to a lover level have /y/ and /w/: 'iyoi 'he alone', 'owa 'you (sg.)', maheya 'pig' Transcription of a recorded passage / simai na a a manubaina himijamija na hi au aubada simai iwal au b ada al ha himaha la a a mata d a ud nane na la a iwal jau b himahala a mata tup a p ahana h lanai ja luwu j bal u ainai jaluwu himijamija na adi al ha wa himahala a ta simaiwa aiwa w nai im ala ta hani ta imijamija na nubainawa iluwu tup a h lanai na d wa wa hila ma ta tup awa hi apu p p na la a imahala a ta isa na bal u h lanai iluluwun na h si d wa wa hi li ta hi luwu na hiwuwunuin na la a iwal a nubai ada u ai ili ilimani na h si jau adawa ja aijab aba di n ta bada jana aba / i / < Simai na 'O'ola'a manubaina himiyamiya na hi'au'aubada. Simai 'iwalo, " 'Auge 'ebe 'ada 'alehao himahalava 'ova mata vedova 'udenane?" Na 'O'ola'a 'iwalo, "Yau 'ebe himahalava mata 'etupwa pwahana holanai yaluwu yo bale'u 'ainai yaluwu." Himiyamiya na 'adi 'alehaowa himahalava, ta Simaiwa 'aiwa 'ewenai 'imwalaetaohani ta 'imiyamiya. Na nubainawa 'iluwu 'etupwa holanai, na 'edewaowa hilaoma ta 'etupwawa hi'apu'epo'epo na 'O'ola'a 'imahalava ta 'isagena bale'u holanai 'iluluwune, na hesi 'edewaowa hi'eli ta hiluwu na hiwuwunuine. Na 'O'ola'a 'iwalo, "Ae nubai, 'ada 'u'ai 'ili'ilimani, na hesi yau 'adawa ya'aiyababaedi'o." Neta bada yana 'aba 'ovi.> 'Once a cat and his cousin the rat were talking together and the cat asked, "My friend, if your enemies were to come, how would you escape them?" The rat answered, "If they arrived, I would go inside a rotten log or down into the ground." Time went on and their enemies did arrive. The cat climbed to the top of a tree and escaped there. His cousin the rat ran inside a log but came out and burrowed into the earth but the dogs dug after him and went into his hole and killed him. The rat said, "O cousin, you looked after yourself properly, but I didn't and now I am losing my life." That is the end of the story.' Bibliography Lithgow, Daphne Organized Phonology Data of Auhelawa. Manuscript. SIL, Ukarumpa.