Organised Phonology Data

Transcription

1 Sepik Ramu Phylum; Middle Sepik Stock; Ndu Family Population census: 380 (1990) Major villages: Yalaku, Gumanjuwi Linguistic work done by: SIL, Ken Nayau (BTA) Data checked by: Organised Phonology Data Yelogu (Yeloko, Kaunga) Language Ambunti East Sepik Province Phonemic and Orthographic Inventory b b d e f h i dz k l m n p p r s a b bu d e f g gu h i j k l m n ny o p pu r s A B Bu D E F G (Gu) H I J K L M N Ny O P Pu R S t u v w j t u v w y T U V W Y Consonants Bilab LabDen Dental Alveo Postalv Retro Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn Glottal Plosive p t k Nasal m n Trill Tap/Flap Fricative f v s h Lateral Fricative Approx Lateral Approx Ejective Stop Implos /w/ voiced labialvelar approximant / b/ prenasalised bilabial plosive / d/ prenasalised alveolar plosive / / prenasalised velar plosive /p / voiceless labialised bilabial plosive /b / voiced labialised bilabial plosive l j /m / labialised bilabial nasal

2 Yelogu (Yeloko, Kaunga) OPD Printed: September 21, 2004 Page 2 /d / /k / / / voiced labialised alveolar plosive voiceless labialised velar plosive voiced labialised velar plosive /dz/ labialiced alveolar affricate p pori 'pig' mapui 'big' arep 'knife' waspin 'tumbuna man' d de 'he' hadepas 'good' mad 'what' madmad 'something' p puil mapui 'leave and not return' 'big' d? puladuak 'em nau' b yobu perber 'road' 'butterfly' n nagu 'sago' wene 'I' an 'here' Siganber 'an ancestress' name' b hobui m mad pediyomu Bam semsem madmad m mui homui 'flying fox' 'what' 'insect sp.' 'an ancestor man' 'tough food' 'something' 'good' sp.' 'fish' v vi 'spear' hamavi 'spear type' f fek 'to run' fefeta 'swollen' fekfek 'to run' w wok 'to shout' nuwa 'mother' s sak 'to call' wesek 'small' as 'dog' woskapui 'fruit' semsem 'tough food' dz jogi 'soup' mijowi 'woman' aj 'fish sp.' sojta 'leave and' l lekena 'his' holatabu 'stone axe' mul 'crocodile' kolgu 'the ancestors' worlena 'a high place?' r ruma 'hornbill' viri 'to cut' per 'two' perber 'butterfly' k kai 'house' heki 'yam' sekek 'to cut' fekfek 'run a long time?' t tu 'man' watak 'to carry' vat 'to bite' sekta 'to cut and' k kuanek nukua 'pumpkin' 'sun'

3 Yelogu (Yeloko, Kaunga) OPD Printed: September 21, 2004 Page 3 gerger 'tree sp.' migi 'rope' gerger 'tree sp.' h ha 'food' seho 'sleep' hurha 'cook food'? hoguat 'I am sleeping and' j yai 'ancestor' iyayak 'to wander' nyen 'child' kinyi 'tail' Vowels i u e i ik 'he goes' yiper 'tree sp.' wari 'rain' detukuiak 'it is borken' viak 'to hit' okiik 'go with' e epi 'half' weni 'I' tete 'to stand' u pagule 'bamboo' tu 'man' ei ei 'to pull' reiguat 'I sit and..' hereik 'take away' kokuei 'turn the back' wei 'we two' i aiwa 'mother' yaibu 'marsupial sp.' kai 'house' u au 'pot' ausek 'pot clay' wuruwai 'to be happy' wau 'relative' obu 'head' pori 'big' omo 'big brother' oi? hoik toi 'to give' 'tree sp' arep 'knife' afaka 'bone' takuwa 'woman' yepuia 'plant sp.' ou ou 'paspas' /ei/ / i/ /oi/ / u/ /ou/

4 Yelogu (Yeloko, Kaunga) OPD Printed: September 21, 2004 Page 4 Suprasegmentals (tone, stress, length) For two or three syllable words, the stress is in first syllable. For four or more syllable words, the stress come on the third from the end. Syllable Patterns V i 'I go' o.mo 'big brother' tu.ku.a.de.ka 'broken' VV ei 'to pull' ai.wa 'mother' VC ik 'he goes' vi.an.gua 'to kill' de.tu.kui.ak 'it is broken' CV je 'they' po.ri 'big' hu.ru.wai 'to be happy' po.po 'moon' CVV mui 'good' yai.bu 'marsupial sp.' ko.kuei 'turn the back' CVC wok 'to shout' wi.nyak 'I come' CVVC hoik 'to give' he.reik 'to take away' CVCC wont 'jumped and...' Conventions: Phonological /e/ is pronounced [e] before and after /r/ and before other consonants. It is pronounced [ ] elsewhere. /v/ can be pronounced either [v] or [ ]. /dz/ is pronounced either [dz] or [t ]. All voiceless plosives are aspirated. Conventions: Orthographic The prenasalized plosives / b d / are always written <b d g>. The clusters of phonemic nasal and prenasalized plosives oalso occur and are written accordingly. Problems: This might make the transition to Pidgin more difficult. Also, the neighbouring languages chose to write prenasalizations. How to write the phonetic [ ] in words and between words and in CC words? The speakers of language intuitively write it sometimes <e>, nothing, or >h>. It was decided to write [ ] as <e> within words and between consonants of CC words. It is considered a phonetic, not phonemic, transitional vowel between words and morphemes. No contrast found with /e/. Washkuk writes [ ] as <e> as well. /dz/ is written as <j> and / / as <ny>. Manambu and Iatmul are using the same symbols. Transitional [j] in multisyllable vowel clusters is not written. Transitional [w] in multisyllable vowel clusters is written <w>. Labialization is written as <u>. This was the intuitive choice of native speakers. It it is written differently in related languages. Transcription of a recorded passage / j i jiper heker k le ik it pul de w k w rlen lers m de v t dek jiper bu h t le fekek v keret ti bule h k sefi leken ti hepum k de vek ker t r pet j b h r t m k i k le ik it le v k h n u r de tek im de he dzek / < Yai yiper hekerak le ik, it pulade wak worlena, lersamde vatdeka yiper bu hot le fekek. Vakeret ti bule hok, sefi lekena ti, it le vak ho nuguarade tek. Nyijade hejek. >

5 Yelogu (Yeloko, Kaunga) OPD Printed: September 21, 2004 Page 5 'Tumbuna meri i go kisim tulip. Em i go na em i kalap antap, bia kaikaim em na trangu kalapkalap antap long tulip. Tulip bruk na em pundaun antap long pekpek. Skin bilong em i pulap long pekpek. Em krai pinis, em kisim hap limbum na i go digim hul wara. Digim i go na i dip nogut tru. Stori pinis.' Bibliography Rempel, Robin Alphabeth Development Worksheet. MS. SIL, Ukarumpa.