Recategorization and sentence structure

Transcription

1 Recategorization and sentence structure Though their life was modest they believed in eating well Nonostante vivessero modestamente amavano tener buona tavola There was no sign of Gabriel and his wife Gabriel glanced at her Ancora non si erano visti né Gabriel né la moglie

2 Recategorization and sentence structure Gabriel glanced at her Gabriel le gettò un occhiata Listening to the skirts that swept Intento al fruscio delle vesti It had gone off in splendid style Era sempre riuscito splendidamente

3 Recategorization and sentence structure For an Arab owned her Ne era proprietario un arabo

4 As the buttons of his overcoat slipped with a squeaking noise through the snow-stiffened frieze, a cold fragrant air from out-of-doors escaped from the crevices and folds. Via via che i bottoni uscivano scricchiolando fuor dal tessuto, la fragranza fredda e pungente dell aria esterna sfuggiva dalle pieghe e dalle aperture del mantello.

5 snow stiffened irrigidito frieze (tessuto di lana morbido e soffice) Morbida e soffice fredda

6 Adjective and adverb Nervous, the man opened the parcel Nervous = adverb Nervously, the man opened the parcel Nervous= nervously = nervoso = nervosamente (?)

7 Recategorizing adverbs in translation Aunt Kate frowned severely = Gabriel laughed nervously = She said, almost testily = It had gone off in splendid style =

8 Recategorization of adverbs Aunt Kate frowned severely = Zia Kate aggrottava le sopracciglia severa Gabriel laughed nervously nervoso = Gabriel rise She said, almost testily = Disse in tono un po brusco It had gone off in splendid style = Era sempre riuscito splendidamente

9 Sentence structure sentence structure = order in which the elements appear. This order is common but by no means fixed. It is a principle of sentence organization that what is contextually familiar comes early (relatively early) while the part which has to be emphasized or which conveys the greatest information is given the prominence of end focus. The normal string is SVO (subject-verb-object) The emphatic string stresses specific elements of the sentence. Both strings may be used, either in English or in Italian.

10 Translators in the European Parliament must meet the highest standards of accuracy in their work and ensure consistency with a very large corpus of documents. The highest standards of accuracy must be ensured (by translators) when working for the European Parliament. Consistency must be ensured with a very large corpus of documents.

11 Translators check and proofread all documents before delivery. All documents are checked and proofread by translators before delivery. The European Council has decided to relaunch the Lisbon Strategy through a partnership for growth and jobs. The Lisbon Strategy has been relaunched by the European Council through a partnership for growth and jobs. It is through a partnership for growth and jobs that the European council has decided to relaunch the Lisbon Strategy.

12 English vs Italian Subject pronoun in Italian different frequencies Subject pronoun in English I ll think about it Ci penso io Ci penserò - She said she would come Ha detto che sarebbe venuta - I can t tell him Non posso dirglielo/non glielo posso dire

13 Sentence structure Proximity principle in concord (agreement of the verb with noun or pronoun closely preceding it, sometimes in preference to agreement with headword of subject) No one except his closest friends agree with him Either my wife or I am going Italian?

14 Sentence structure No one except his closest friends agree with him Nessuno è d accordo con lui tranne gli amici più intimi Either my wife or I am going Andremo o io o mia moglie

15 Sentence structure Attributive adjectives premodify nouns in English. What about Italian? Le vecchie tubature hanno ceduto (hanno ceduto perché sono vecchie) Le tubature vecchie hanno ceduto (quelle nuove no) Un esperienza unica (A unique/an exceptional experience) Un unica esperienza (Only one experience)