Whatchamacallit-type expressions in Cantonese: Analyzing mat, matje, meje, and me
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1 Whatchamacallit-type expressions in Cantonese: Analyzing mat, matje, meje, and me Foong Ha Yap, Winnie Chor & Marvin Lam Department of English The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
2 The realization of mood and modal assessment in different languages: modal particles Chinese: Christian M.I.M. Matthiessen, Foong Ha Yap, Marvin Lam, Jack Pun Thai: Pattama Patpong Japanese: Ayako Ochi Indonesian: Susanto Nanda Arabic: Mohamed Ali Bardi Brazilian Portugese: Elaine Espindola...
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4 Thai: Modal particle / Negotiator Negotiator: interpersonal particle There are three types of Negotiator: modal distance politeness Negotiator [kha 2, khrap 4 ] mood type polar Negotiator [maj 4, rɨ: 5 pla:w 2 ] modal judgement attitudinal Negotiator [la 3, na 4 ]
5 Girl (Huijin) geunde hal yaegiran ge geugeo ya? but Future say thing this one Neg But this is what you re going to say? na bwa bora gu gimsamsun ssi ttaemuni ni? me look look Neg Gimsamsun Ms. Because, Neg Look at me. Look! Because of Gimsamsun? sarangha ni? eung? love Neg Continuative (You) love (her)? euh? sarangha nya gu? love Quotative Marker Neg (I m asking you) do you love (her)? sarangha nya gu? love Quotative Marker Neg (I m asking you) do you love (her)? geuman haja stop let s-do Let s break up. eo yes Yes. Boy (Jinhyeon) jakku saenggang-na. always think-come. (I) always think (of her). bo go sipeo. look and want I want to see (her). (=I miss her.) gachi isseumyeon jeulgeowo together if happy If (we re) together, (we will be) happy. geurae yes Yes.
6 sarangha ni? eung? love Neg Continuative (You) love (her)? euh? Speech Level Plain sarangha ni? Examples Intimate sarangha-e? Familiar sarangha-na? Semi-Formal sarangha-o? Polite sarangha-eyo? Deferential sarangha-pnik ka?
7 Kimpachi (father) onechan, ohayoo. sister good morning Sister, good morning. nanka kakusita? what hide-past Did you hide anything? uun, nanka kakusita yo. no, what hide-past Neg. No, you hid something. kakusita yo. hide-past Neg. (You) hid. mood: forceful: insistent mood: mood: explanative: explanative reason mood: emphathetic: male aitsu datte kodomo ja nai n da kara sa, he also kids be negative Neg. Neg. Neg. Neg, He is not a kid anymore, so, yoo ga attara jibun de okitekuru yo business GA exist-if himself DE wake-come Neg. If he has any business, he will wake up by himself nanika, ima nani, nani kakusita no? nani? what now what wh-q hide-past Neg.? what? What, now what, what did you hide? What? wakatta tte. ima ittekuru kara sa. understand-past Neg. now go-come Neg. Neg. OK. Now I m going, yeh. Otome (daughter) a, ohayoo. ah, good morning Ah, good morning. iya, kakusitenai yo. no, hide-negative Neg. No, I didn t hide. uun, a, ne, otoochan, koosaku okositekitekure nai? no ah hey father koosaku wake-come-give Neg? No, ah, hey, father, can you go and wake koosaku up? jugyoo hajimaru mae ni, class start before NI Before the class starts zemi no sensee ni yobidasareteru n da tte. seminar NO teacher NI call-out-present-passive Neg. Neg. Neg. He is called by his seminar teacher (that s what I heard). mood: interrogative iiya betsuni. uun, moo iikara no nothing umm well fine hayaku okositekite! quick wake-come! No, nothing. Umm, well, doesn t matter, can you quickly go to wake (him) up? evidentiality mood: request?
8 Japanese: Modal particle / Negotiator Negotiator: interpersonal particle written/s poken spoken neutral male female associated mood types mood interrogative ka no indicative interrogative?: I request you to confirmative nai indicative empathetic sa conclusive or optative within indicative explanative no(da) n(da) other than hortative within indicative explanative: reason forceful: assertive kara kara indicative declarative forceful: insistent yo imperative evidentiality I told you tte indicative hearsay tte indicative
9 politeness / interactional honorification
10 aa1 as attitudinal Negotiator nei baanjau taamsam dou aa you guys greedy reach Nego You guys are so greedy. hoenggong mou mantai aa Hong Kong not-have problem Nego There is no problem in Hong Kong for sure.
11 particles as polar Negotiator nei sik m cit me 2SG eat NEG fast-enough polar-nego Can t you eat fast enough? jyunloi heoi gaau ce aa actually go return car polar-nego (You) actually go to return the car?
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13 1. As pronouns nei soeng sik me dou dak you want eat me also fine You can eat whatever you want to. gam batjyu jiu jat gau jat gau godi me laa so rather have one piece one piece those me PRT Then let s rather have those thing that are in pieces. interchangeable among me/meje/mat/matje jiu godi me me me me me zau naai laa have those me me me me me rid milk PRT Let s have that without milk.
14 2. As interrogative pronoun you mat tai have mat see What is there to see? interchangeable among me/meje/mat/matje
15 3. me as a placeholder for taboo or socially unutterable expression ngo gammaan jiu heoi me 1SG tonight need go me soji jiu zoek haksik saam so need wear black clothes I need to go to do something tonight so I need to wear in black. not interchangeable with mat/matje (taboo VS. interrogative)
16 4. me as a placeholder for verbs, adjectives and adverbs 4.1 verb ngo me gan m lai dak aa 1SG me IMPERF NEG come able PRT I am doing something so I can t come. 4.2 adjective keoi hai go zeoi me ge jan 3SG BE CL most me GE person He is the most X person.
17 4. me as a placeholder for verbs, adjectives and 4.3 adverbs dimgaai nei sik dak gam me gaa why you eat PRT so me PRT Why you eat in such a way? How about as placeholder for nouns?? ngo sik/take zo me aa 1SG eat/ take PERF me PRT I have had/ taken something. From referential to non-referential domains
18 5. me as a negotiator (clause-final) nei sik m cit me 2SG eat NEG fast-enough NEG Can t you eat fast enough? ngo m leng me 1SG NEG pretty me Don t I look pretty? polar negotiator attitudinal negotiator: counter-expectancy
19 6. mat as an attitudinal negotiator (clauseinitial) mat nei gam laan gaa mat you so Why are you so lazy? lazy PRT not interchangeable with matje/me/meje only in polar question mat as an attitudinal negotiator when at clauseinitial: counter-expectancy
20 7. me as an attitudinal negotiator godi me lunghaa me saanghou those me lobster me oyster ngo dou jatzou sik jim laa 1SG also early eat bore PRT I m fed up with those lobsters and oysters for a long time. singjat waa gogo me Si Sir hai me bouzaap tinwong always say that me Si Sir is me tutoring king [People] always say that Si Sir is a king of tutoring. Prefixing nouns/nominal group only Derogatory attitude
21 8. me as a gap filler jau di me me jauguk me baakzaunin aa have PL me me post office me centenary PRT It is the centenary of the post office. interchangeable with mat not interchangeable with meje/matje showing uncertainty (?)
22 Negative? 1. me/meje/mat/matje as pronouns 2. me/meje/mat/matje as interrogative pronoun 3. me as a placeholder for taboo or socially unutterable expression 4. me as a placeholder for verbs, adjectives and adverbs Yes! 5. me as a polar and attitudinal negotiator (clause-final) Yes! 6. mat as an attitudinal negotiator (clause-initial) Yes! 7. me as an attitudinal negotiator Yes! 8. me as a gap filler
23 politeness / interactional honorification
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