Undulator Protection for FLASH and for the European XFEL
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1 Undulator Protection for FLASH and for the European FLASH sacrificial undulator: beam loss simulations FLASH BLM system plans
2 FLASH sacrificial undulator
3 FLASH Collimators BC2 scraper gun collimator (Ø 8 mm) transverse collimators (Ø 4 mm) Sacrificial undulator energy collimators (Ø 4-6 mm) undulator collimator (Ø 10 mm)
4 Sacrificial undulator end caps clamp structure magnets poles
5 Sacrificial Undulator: Geometry
6 Simulation Setup annular beam (2 mm thick ring, simulates halo/dark current lost on aperture) sacrificial undulator flange 34 mm 10 mm pipe Ø
7 Deposited Dose absolute relative dose (Gy) A B C D TLD B TLD C TLDs A B C D dose measured by two TLDs: ~86 kgy (12/2004 5/2008) almost negligible dose in outer magnets (position unclear)
8 FLASH undulator protection
9 FLASH Machine Protection System 83 BLMs differential charge monitoring ( Toroid Protection System ) response time <4 µs incl. cables actuators: switch off photoinjector laser stop RF in ACC1 65 photomultipliers with scintillators 18 aluminum cathode electron multipliers
10 Beam Interlock Modes Low current modes (max. 150 na/180 W) very tolerant against losses in the linac only huge undulator losses stop machine operation operators have to restart beam manually High current mode (up to 72 µa/86 kw) single BLM alarm cuts the macropulse Beam loss alarm Remaining macropulse suppressed
11 Scintillator Assembly plastic scintillator (NE110 or equivalent) aluminum foil black plastic foil plexiglass light guide B. Michalek (DESY) test pulse LED
12 Undulator BLMs 6 scintillator panels (and PMTs) per undulator segment calibration vs. scattered charge with wirescans BLM thresholds adjusted manually to keep dose rate < 10 Gy/d dose measurements: weekly exchanged TLDs online fiber dosimetry system undulator segment undulator segment (top view)
13 Undulator BLMs
14 BLM Thresholds beam loss (a.u.) single bunch several bunches integrated loss time (µs) rf pulse
15 Undulator Dose Rate (TLD Measurements) Courtesy T. Vielitz (HASYLAB)
16 undulator protection
17 X-Ray Free Electron Laser 17.5 GeV 30 µa 530 kw
18 Beam Structure RF system pulsed at 10 Hz Electron bunches (1 nc) grouped in macropulses Up to 3000 bunches/macropulse in arbitrary pattern
19 Machine Protection System Inputs Beam loss monitoring Beam Loss Monitors (BLMs) Undulator sections: Photomultipliers + plastic scintillators Linac and high radiation areas: Ionization chambers or other systems (Čerenkov fibers, slions, PIN diodes,...) Multiple differential charge measurements Precautionary monitoring Magnet power supplies LLRF exceptions, quench detection Valves, screens, wire scanners, temperatures, water flow,... Beam position
20 MPS Topology I Only two points for intra-macropulse beam stops: Injector laser(s) Dump kicker
21 MPS Topology II response time > 83 bunches (33 already in, 50 cable delay) response time > 50 bunches
22 Functionality Operation modes Valves and dipoles are set right to guide the beam to a dump Power limits Limit the number of bunches for startup, to protect screens,... Alarm cutoffs Immediate reaction in case of beam loss MPS master beam loss detected rem. macropulse suppressed number of bunches dynamically reduced
23 Undulator BLMs Scintillator panels in the space between undulator segments Undulator option a) two scintillator rods 242 photomultipliers high redundancy Undulator option b) one scintillator panel with gap for beam pipe 121 photomultipliers limited redundancy
24 People (actively) involved FLASH MPS Lars Fröhlich, Martin Staack (DESY) A. Hamdi, J. Novo, F. Ballester (CEA-Saclay) MPS Igor Cheviakov, Lars Fröhlich, Sven Karstensen, Timmy Lensch, Frank Schmidt-Föhre, Martin Staack, Jörg Thomas, Petr Vetrov (DESY)
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