4308 Friday, Period 3, 11:15 a.m. - 12:25 p.m.

Transcription

1 Sweet Adelies Iteratial F.A.C.E. IT, YOU'RE NOTEWORlHY Mary Elle Stepaich, Ph.D., OF 2004 Iteratial Educati Sympsium Less Pla Pagel CLASS TITLE: 4308 Friday, Perid 3, 11:15 a.m. - 12:25 p.m. CLASS DESCRIPTION: OBJECTIVES: Cquer the basics f idetifyig the tes the staff, readig key ad time sigatures, beatig simple time patters, buildig a majr scale frm ay te, ad recgizig ad sigig majr ad mir itervals. T acquait thse wh have t had frmal traiig i music thery with the basics s they ca apply them t their music readig skills fr chrus r quartet. At the cclusi f this class, yu shuld be able t ame the majr key f yur music ad idetify "d", t play (at least slwly) yur part a keybard, ad t sig yur part with sme accuracy up readig a ew sheet f music. INIRODUCTION: 1. Briefly itrduce self ad credetials 2. Qute the bard: "Whe yu read yu begi with A, B, C,i Whe yu sig yu begi with d, re mi." (Maria V Trapp) 3. Preset bjectives ad expected utcmes NOTE NAMES AND CLEFS: 1. The alphabet f music (A thrugh G) 2. Clefs (G-clef/Treble, F-clef/Bass) 3. Names f tes lies ad spaces f clefs 4. Ledger lies 5. Barbershp tatis 6. Musical symbls a. Key sigatures b. Time sigatures c. Measure bars d. Secti bars e. Ed-f-sg bars 7. Nte-readig Exercise

2 Sweet Adelies Iteratial Mary Elle Stepaich, Ph.D., OF 2004 Iteratial Educati Sympsium Less Pla Page 2 NOTEAND REST VALUES: TIME SIGNATURES: MAJORSCALES & KEY SIGNATURES: Diagram f time value relatiships a. Durati f tes b. Legth f silece 2. Flags ad beams 3. Dtted tes ad rests 4. Time-value Exercise 1. Cmm Time (4/4) 2. Cut Time (2/4) 3. Waltz Time (3/4) ad (6/8) 4. Practice beatig meters Structure f majr scales: a. Whle-whle-half step b. Whle step c. Whle~whle-half step d. Practice creatig majr scales frm ay te 2. Accidetals: a. Flats b. Duble flats c. Natural d. Sharps e. Duble sharps 3. Key sigatures a. Sharps keys b. Flats keys 4. Key-sigature Exercise INTERVALS: SIGHT-SINGING EXERCISES: CLOSURE: 1. Harmic vs. Meldic itervals 2. Iterval Aids (the suds f itervals based phrases frm familiar sgs 1. "Let Everybdy Sig" rud 2. "East Side West Side" 1. Questis ad aswers 2. Fial sig-thrugh f sgs

3 Sweet Adelies Iteratial Mary Elle Stepaich, Ph.D., CIF 2004 Iteratial Educati Sympsium Hadut #1 Pagel ~ ;~ L---~,;,~~J The alphabetf music: I_A B C D E F G (A) I etc. Octave... 8 tes ' Five parallel hriztal lies with iterveig spaces are used t tate the pitch f te. This device is called a staff. The writte symbls that represet tes are called tes. Tes ca be heard, whereas tes ca ly be see. The lies ad spaces f the staff are umbered frm the bttm t the tp: LINES _ SPACES 3 _ The first seve letters f the alphabet (A thrugh G) are used t ame the tes that are placed the varius lies ad spaces f the staff. Sigs placed at left the staff idetify a particular lie. These sigs are called clefs (Frech fr "key.") The mder clef sigs are stylized frms f the Gthic letters "G" ad "F." The G-clef (fte called the treble clef) establishes the lcati f the te G the secd lie f the staff. G---->I$~~ Sice the lies ad spaces represet a alphabetical sequece, all tes fllw alphabetically ce e pitch is lcated by the clef sig. By referrig t the te established by the clef (i this case, G), yu ca fid the lcati f ther tes. G-->~ () 0 (J 0 0 a 0 D E F G A B C D E F G *(Sme materialbased upthemusictherymdule ffrward Mti, DCPResurceMaual)

4 Sweet Adelies Iteratial Mary Elle Stepaich, Ph.D., eif 2004 Iteratial Educati Sympsium Hadut #1 Page 2 Sme peple fid it helpful t assciate clever sayigs with the te ames, such as:.. very... Bird Des Fly Fl Al Cf El The F-clef (cmmly called the bass clef) establishes the lcati f the te F the furth lie f the staff. Sice all the tes fllw alphabetically, it's easy t fid the ther tes thef-clef -~: F p Q F G A B C 0 E F G A B The letter ames f the lies ad spaces f the staff chage accrdig t the clef. Whereas the secd lie f the staff is G whe the treble clefis used, the secd lie is B whe the bass clefis used. There are als clever sayigs t remember the tes i the bass clef 0 12:~,eat Basses. >~~;~~'I'ililil Alwa't4~ ~Aill~~I~C~O'~A~,s~~Ea~t~~G~r~a~ss~~ r Baris The rage f.a staff may be exteded by the use f ledger lies. These lies are added abve r belw a staff ad are spaced the same as the lies f the staff itself. The alphabetical successi f tes ctiues as the staff. Fr example: -e-... -e- ~ e- ""0"" -e- ""0"" E F G A B C E 0 C B A G etc. Ledger lies are als used i the bass clef (F-clef); the te ames ctiue i alphabetical rder as illustrated abve.

5 Sweet Adelies Iteratial Mary Elle Stepaich, Ph.D., elf 2004 Iteratial Educati Sympsium Hadut #1 Page 3 EXERCISE: Here are sme te-readig exercises t give yu practice. Fill i the ames f the tes i the blaks prvided. (Check yur respses with yur grupo ~: ().El ~... ) Barbershp Ntati: Ntes writte the lies ad spaces idicate what te is t be sug. A stem is attached t all tes except the "whle te." Fr barbershp sigers, the directi f the stem (up r dw) idicates which part is t sig the te. (Bass ad Bari are sug a ctave higher tha writte the bass clef.) Musical Symbls: ~, I 0)/ < 1 " I -=====i_=====teno==r== I LEAD ~_B_ARI_TO_NE_ BASS / 5" 1) The "key sigature" idetifies the key i which the sg is writte (mre later). 2) The "time sigature" idetifies the meter ad tells what type f te equals e beat(mre later). 3) Measure bars are vertical lies draw thrugh the staff (but t thrugh the lyric lie) which separate the music it measures with a equal umber f beats. 4) Duble bars f equal thickess separate e secti f a sg frm ather. They d t exted thrugh the lyric lie. 5) Duble bars f uequal thickess are used at the ed f the sg. They d t cect the tw staves.

6 Sweet Adelies Iteratial Mary Elle Stepaich, Ph.D., elf 2004 Iteratial Educati Sympsium Hadut #1 Page 4 Nte ad Rest Values: I additi t placig a te a lie r a space, we als assig a time value t each te. The time value tells hw lg the te is t be sug. Althugh the rhythmic elemet f music ca be quite cmplex, there are ly a few basic types f tes ad these bear a simple relatiship t e ather, that is, each is e-half the value f the ext-greater te. These are the te ad rest values cmmly usedibarbershp: TIME VALUE RELATIONSHIPS Duratifte: Whle te: Half te: J Quarter te: ~ Eighth te: J) Sixteeth te: Legthfsilece: Whle rest:... Half rest:... Quarter rest: ~ Eighth rest:., Sixteeth rest: :, Each fthe abve tes r rests is e-half thevalue fthe e abve it, ad eachte rrestis twice the value f the e belwit. Therefre, a whle te equals tw half tes, a halfrest equals tw quarter rests, a quarter te equals tw eighth tes, etc. EXERCISE: Test yurselft make sure yu uderstad. (Check yur respses with yur grup.) J.~ A --- rest equals ~ rests A rj te equals ~ 1 tes I ~ A ~ rest equals ~, rests A ~ te equals ~ I tes A j te equals ) tes A j rest equals ~ rests ~ ~ A ~ rest equals ~ rests A. te equals ~ 1 tes A ~ rest equals j rests Eighth ad sixteeth tes ca be writte with either flags r beams. Whe usig beams, we beam tgether ly the teswithi the samebeat. Fr example: Flags ~ J~ )1)1 A dt may be added t a te r a rest. f its rigial value. Fr example: J. = J + J (112 f the rigial value) j. = j + ~ J! = 1'+} ~. = Beams A dt icreases the value f a te r rest f e-half Try these exercises: j =-+ J. j.=_.+- ~ + j =

7 Sweet Adelies Iteratial Mary Elle Stepaich, Ph.D., eif 2004 Iteratial Educati Sympsium Hadut #1 PageS Time Sigatures: The actual time value f tes ad rests may chage frm sg t sg. The time sigature appears at the begiig fthe music, immediately fllwig the key sigature, ad idicates the meter f the sg ad the value f the tes ad rests ithat meter. Each time sigature has tw umbers, placed e abve the ther bth the treble clef ad bass clef. The tp umber idicates hw may beats are i each measure (usually 2, 3, 4, r 6). The bttm umber idicates what kid f te receives e beat. Whe the bttm umber is 4, a quarter te gets e beat; r whe the bttm umber is 8, a eighth te receives e beat. The mst frequetly used time sigature is 4/4. Itis als called CmmTime ad the symbl C may be usedistead f 4/4. I this time, there are fur beats i each measure ad a quarter te receives e beat. Sme examples f tati i 4/4 time fllw: (Let's practice beatig the meter, as shw:) BEATS & The symbl fr Cut Time is ft. The meter is writte as 4/4, but sug as 2/2. I2/4 time, there are 2 beats i each measure. A quarter te receives e beat. Sme examples ftati f 2/4 time fllw: (Let's practice beatig the meter, as shw:) ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ BEATS & Ather frequetly used time sigature is 3/4, r waltz time. There are three beats i each measure ad a quarter te receives e beat. (Let's practice beatig the meter, as shw:) BEATS & 2 & The time sigature 6/8 is fte cfused with 3/4, but is a separate meter. There are six beats t the measure ad a eighth te receives e beat. ~ ~; BEATS

8 Sweet Adelies Iteratial Mary Elle Stepaich, Ph.D., CIF 2004 Iteratial Educati Sympsium Hadut #1 Page 6 Majr Scales ad Key Sigatures: The half-step is the smallest iterval i the tal system used i mst music f Wester civilizati. Tw half-steps cmbie t make a whle step. This is mst easily see a keybard: Half-steps W WHWWWH1WW ' ' All tes t this pit have bee basic tes. The term basic refers t tes that are t affected by certai sigs called accidetals. Accidetals that we use frequetly are shwbelw: I Flat b Duble flat bb Natural ~ Sharp Duble Sharp X The sharp (~) raises the pitch f a te a half-step. (See abve diagram). The flat (b) lwers the pitch f a te a half-step. A duble sharp (X) raises the pitch f a te tw half-steps. A duble flat (b b) lwers the pitch f a te tw half-steps. A atural (q) cacels a previus accidetal, OR temprarily cacels a flat r a sharp that has beeimpsedby the key sigature (mre later!) Ntes affected by accidetals are called A-flat, D-sharp, F-duble-sharp, E-duble-flat, etc. Accidetals remai i effect thrughut the measure iwhich they ccur, but they are caceled by a bar lie. (Nte belw:) '~;;;~~Jt~ ~~ :~ Eb Eb Eq E~ E~ Eb I the C Majr scale, yu will tice that a half-step ccurs betwee the 3rd ad 4th degrees f the scale ad betwee the 7th ad 8th degrees f the scale. All the ther steps are whle steps. Ifyulkmre clsely, yuwill see that the C Majrscale csists ftwidetical patters f whle ad half steps (W W H) held tgetherby aadditial whle step: WWHWWWH patter +I + patter hlds patter tgether All majr scales cfrm t this patter f whle ad half steps!!

9 Sweet Adelies Iteratial Mary Elle Stepaich, Ph.D., ClF Let's build a majr scale a te ther tha C ad see what happes: 2004 Iteratial Educati Sympsium Hadut #1 Page 7 -- r-- FGABCDE F S far, we have tw requiremets fr buildig a majr scale: There must be halfsteps betwee the 3rd ad 4th degrees f the scale ad betwee the 7th ad 8th degrees f the scale, ad the scale must cfrm t a specific patter f whle ad half steps, i.e... WWH-W-WWH. -r- r-- FGABCDE F LJLJ -l W W W ps! Whe we get t A ad B i the scale f F, we fid that we have a whle step istead f the required half step. What t d? Obviusly, we eedt alter the te. We will lwer the te B ad make it a B-flat. (Remember, flats lwer a te 1/2 step; sharps raise a te 1/2 step.) -- -r- r-- b F G A C D E F LJLJULJI II W-W-H W W-W-H By alterig Bt B-flat we w cfrm t the required patter f whle & half steps ecessary fr a majr scale. (QUESTION: Why culd't we chage the A t a A./Iistead fa B b??) Key Sigature - the symbl at the begiig f a staff that idicates which tes eeds t be raised (sharped) r lwered (flatted) i rder t create the majr scale fr the sg. Sharps i the key sigature are always writte the staff i the fllwig rder, slightly t the :::i:~~~:~:sc::eid~~fie:~ t ==== cutig up e half step frm thelast sharp. Flats i the key sigature are always writte the staff i the fllwig rder, slightly t the right f the previus flat: Bb Eb Ab Db Gb Cb Fb Key sigatures fr "flat" keys cabe idetified by lkig at the ext-t-iast flat. r&= J==;== (Did yu tice that the rder fthe flats is the reverse fthe rder fthe sharps??)

10 Sweet Adelies Iteratial Mary Elle Stepaich, Ph.D., CIF 2004 Iteratial Educati Sympsium Hadut #1 PageS KEY SIGNATUREEXERCISE: Here are sme key sigatures t idetify. Write the ame fthe key i the blak prvided. There are tw keys that cat be determied usig the abve rules: (1) The key f C Majr has sharps r flats. Csequetly, there is thig writte i the key sigaturewhethe musicisithe key fc Majr. ~~~~~~~~~ (2) The key ff Majr has e flat (B). Because there is "ext-t-iast" flat, yuhave t memrize the key sigature fr F Majr. (If yu wat t lear mre abut the structure fscales, read surce material abut the Circle f Fifths, especially as ctaied i the Directr Certificati Prgram Resurce Mdule #9 - Music Thery.) Itervals: Because itervals are basic buildig blcks fr bthmeldy ad harmy, it is essetial t kw abut them fr mre advaced wrki music thery (such as chrd structure) as well as fr the develpmet ffluet sight-readig ad perfrmig. Tw tes sudig simultaeusly prduce a harmic iterval. Tw tes suded successively prduce a meldic iterval. Example: 1ft:, ~ harmic meldic Itervals are classified umerically frm 1 t 8, accrdig t the umber f lies ad spaces ecmpassed by the iterval. The umerical classificati f itervals is easy t determie. Merely cut the umber f lies ad spaces frm e te t the ther, startig frm the bttm. Remember, bth the lwer ad upper tes are part f the iterval. Fr example: Cut lie, space, lie, space t determie that this iterval is a 4th. See "Iterval Aids" hadut fr ways t remember the itervals, based phrases frm familiar sgs.

11 Sweet Adelies Iteratial Mary Elle Stepaich, Ph.D., elf 2004 Iteratial Educati Sympsium Hadut #1 Page 9 INTERVAL EXERCISE: Whatis the umerical classificati f these itervals? (2d, 3rd, 4th,...).~ 8 (HINT: The tes i all eve-umbered itervals (2ds, 4fu.s, 6ths, ctaves) are a lie-ad-aspace; the tes i all dd-umbered itervals (3rds, 5ths, 7ths, 9ths) are either a lie-ad-alie r a space-ad-a-space.) Nw try writig sme itervals yurself. Draw a te the apprpriate lie r space abve the te give. the umeric iterval yu are t write is give belw the te: ~ 4th 3rd (Yu ca als write itervals belw a give te. Just cut dw the apprpriate umber f lies ad spaces fr the iterval yu wat.) SIGHTSINGINGEXERCISE: Nw that we ca recgize writte itervals, what d they sud like? Lk at the list the ext page, titled "Iterval Aids." The shrt phrases f familiar sgs will help yu t remember the sud f the itervals. (Practice afew.) Let's try t sightsig the fllwig sg! (1) Fid the clef fr yur part (leads ad ters the treble clef, baris ad basses the bass clef). (2) Lcate yurpartlie (ters ad baris te stems up, leads ad basses te stems dw). (3) Idetify the "key," lcate"d"(the first scale step), ad fid yur first te, relative t "d." (4) Sig thrugh the partlie slwly, tig ayitervals thatmay cause prblems. (5) Idetify the prblem iterval, ad check the sud f the iterval the Iterval Aids chart. x 7th 5th 6th Easl side. west side, all a - rud the lw The lois play ~ r r I r../ ~ I I I I I I I I I r r Tr I I I I I Rig a - rud R - sy L - d Br.dge is fall - ig dw... J I I I I I I \ I x~1 -.

12 Sweet Adelies Iteratial Mary Elle Stepaich, Ph.D., CIF 2004 Iteratial Educati Sympsium Hadut #2 Page 1 ( INTERVALAIDS) MAJOR INTERVALS INTERVAL ASCENDING DESCENDING Majr 2d (1 whle step) De, ~ (deer...) Three Blid (Mice) Majr 3rd (2 whle steps) If I (Lved Yu) Swig Lw (Sweet Charit) Perfect 4th (2 & 1/2 steps) Here Cmes (the Bride) The Eyes (f Texas...) Br Free I've Bee (wrki' the...) Perfect 5th (3 & 1/2 steps) Twikle Twikle (little) My Dg (has fleas) ukulele Majr 6th (4 & 1/2 steps) My B (-ie lies ver..) N - bd - Y (kws the...) NBC call letters/tes 0 - ver (There) Be - yd (the blue hriz) Majr 7th (5 & 1/2 steps) Ba (li) - Hi (hit ctave 1st) "Fatasy Islad" theme Perfect Octave (6 whle steps) Sme - where (ver the...) YuAre (my lucky star) MINOR INTERVALS Mir 2d (1/2 step) Mir 3rd (1 & 1/2 step) Augmeted 4th (3 steps» Dimiished 5th (3 steps) Oh, Da - (y by) I Left (my heart i S.F.) Hell - I0 (Dlly) Lulla - ~ (Brahms) Mar - i - (a, I just met a girl) Be My (little baby bumble) Shall We (dace...) This Old (ma, he played...) Oh, I (wish I was...dixie) Mir 6th (4 steps) A Day (i the life f a fl) Where d (I begi...) Lve Stry theme Mir 7th (5 whle steps) There's A (place fr us..) NOTES: