Homework 1. Homework 1: Measure T CK-Q delay

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1 Homework Find the followin for 3nm, 9nm, 65nm nd 45nm, 32nm, 22nm MO technoloies Effective chnnel lenth Equivlent nd physicl oxide thickness upply volte (Vdd) rw the lyout for the followin Flip-Flop (use TM.25um technoloy) M Ltch M Ltch Homework : Mesure T K- dely Mesure T K- dely for fnout of 2 ( FF drivin 2 FFs) t K- t R =ps t F =ps.5xt period =5ns Ltch M Ltch Ltch M Ltch.5xV V Ltch M Ltch FO2=Fn-out of 2 t K-.5xV eliverles: chemtic with trnsistor sizes clerly indicted, FF lyout, R clen report, LV mch report nd simultion wveforms (with dely mrker)

2 Lecture 2: MO Overview positive volte (Vdd) MOFETs s witches netive volte (rel. to ody) (GN) NMO/NFET current PMO/PFET current ody/ulk GROUN chnnel shorter lenth, fster trnsistor (dist. for electrons) (/ to ody is reverse-ised) ody/ulk HIGH = = MO trnsistors s electriclly controlled switches nmo d s d s d s Volte t te controls pth from source to drin pmo d d d s s s omplementry MO omplementry MO loic tes nmo pull-down network pmo pull-up network.k.. sttic MO inputs pmo pull-up network output Pull-up OFF Pull-up ON nmo pull-down network Pull-down OFF Pull-down ON 2

3 eries nd Prllel nmo: = ON pmo: = ON eries: oth must e ON Prllel: either cn e ON 2 () 2 () OFF OFF OFF ON ON OFF OFF OFF 2 (c) OFF ON ON ON 2 (d) ON ON ON OFF onduction omplement omplementry MO tes lwys produce or Ex: NN te Rule of onduction omplements 3

4 ompound Gtes ompound tes cn do ny invertin function Ex: =+ () () (c) (d) (f) (e) =(++) Exmple: O3I 4

5 Exmple O Find function F Find PUN Grph Representtion of PN Grph consists of vertices nd edes. ircuit node = vertex. Trnsistor = ede Verify tht rph represents PN: mple rph V out GN 5

6 uildin PUN from PN Plce PUN vertices (empty circles) in ech confined re in PN onnect PUN vertices with edes tht cross the PN rph edes JUT ONE Where is the PUN? Is the PUN series/prllel dul of the PN? Exmple Euler Pth j Loic Grph X PUN X = ( + ) X i V i j GN PN 6

7 inl trenth trenth of sinl How close it pproximtes idel volte source V nd GN rils re stronest nd nmo pss stron ut derded or wek pmo pss stron ut derded or wek Thus nmo re est for pull-down network = s d s d = s d = s d s d = s d V V V = V -V s tn V V V V Input = Output stron = derded Input Output = derded = stron V V -V tn V V -2V tn V = V s tp V -V tn V -V tn V -V tn V Trnsmission Gtes Pss trnsistors produce derded outputs Trnsmission tes pss oth nd well =, = =, = Input Output =, = stron =, = stron 7

8 Tristtes Tristte uffer produces Z when not enled Nonrestorin Tristte Trnsmission te cts s tristte uffer Only two trnsistors ut nonrestorin Noise on is pssed on to Tristte Inverter Tristte inverter produces restored output Violtes conduction complement rule ecuse we wnt Z output = = 'Z' = = 8

9 Multiplexers 2: multiplexer chooses etween two inputs X X X X Gte-Level Mux esin How mny trnsistors re needed? = + (too mny trnsistors) Multiplexers Trnsmission Gte Mux Nonrestorin mux uses two trnsmission tes Only 4 trnsistors =x + x Invertin Mux Use compound OI, or pir of tristte inverters (essentilly the sme thin) Noninvertin multiplexer dds n inverter 9

10 4: Multiplexer 4: mux chooses one of 4 inputs usin two selects Two levels of 2: muxes Or four tristtes 2x4 decoder Ltch When =, ltch is trnsprent flows throuh to like uffer When =, the ltch is opque holds its old vlue independent of.k.. trnsprent ltch or level-sensitive ltch Ltch

11 Ltch esin nd Opertion Multiplexer chooses or old = = Flip-flop When rises, is copied to t ll other times, holds its vlue.k.. positive edetriered flip-flop, mster-slve flip-flop = = M M Flop

12 Flip-flop esin uilt from mster nd slve ltches M Ltch M Ltch Rce ondition ck-to-ck flops cn mlfunction from clock skew econd flip-flop fires lte ees first flip-flop chne nd cptures its result lled hold-time filure or rce condition 2 2 Flop Flop 2 2 2

13 Nonoverlppin locks Rces cn lso occur inside flops Nonoverlppin clocks cn prevent rces s lon s nonoverlp exceeds clock skew Industry mnes skew more crefully insted φ 2 φ M φ 2 φ 2 φ φ φ 2 φ φ φ 2 ummry MO Trnsistors re stck of te, oxide, silicon n e viewed s electriclly controlled switches uild compound tes usin PUN nd PN TGtes, Tristtes, Muxes, imple ecoder, Ltch, FF Now you know everythin necessry to strt desinin schemtics nd lyout for simple chip! 3

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