Elementary Chinese Textbook 初级汉语课本. Chūjí hànyŭ kèbĕn

Transcription

1 Elementary Chinese Textbook 初级汉语课本 Chūjí hànyŭ kèbĕn

2 Guilin, China "Water and Moon at Elephant Hill" Elephant Hill is also called Elephant-Trunk Hill. It looks like an elephant drinking water at the confluence of the Taohua River and the Lijiang River. A round open space between the elephant trunk and its body is called Water- Moon Cave. At a clear night the moon seems to fall on the bottom of the water and at the same time float on the water s surface. ****Textbook compiled for the 2004 Philadelphia Chinese Class

3 Table of Contents Preface About Mandarin Chinese Pinyin Pronounciation Guide Learn to Read and Write Chinese About Tones The Pinyin Alphabet Study Hints Study Aids Grammar Chart Table of Mandarin Sounds Lesson 1: Numbers 1 Lesson 2: Practical Vocabulary 5 Lesson 3: Kingdom Hall 9 Lesson 4: Field Service 13 Lesson 5: Family 18 Lesson 6: Heaven 22 Lesson 7: The World 25 Lesson 8: Religion 29 Lesson 9: The Earth 33 Lesson 10: Quiz (not included in this book) Lesson 11: The Organization 36 Lesson 12: Our Relationship with God 41 Lesson 13: Prayer 45 Lesson 14: Body Parts, Clothing, and Common Objects 48 Lesson 15: More Practical Vocabulary 52 Lesson 16: Eastern Religion 56 Lesson 17: Relatives and Weather 61 Lesson 18: Adjectives 65 Lesson 19: Time 69 Lesson 20: The Last Days 73 Lesson 21: On a Bible Study 77 Lesson 22: Personality 81 Lesson 23: Everyday Vocabulary 86 Lesson 24: More Practical Vocabulary 91 Lesson 25: Theocratic Vocabulary 95 Lesson 26: Quiz (not included in this book) Lesson 27: Memorial of Christ s Death Vocabulary 100 Index 105

4 Mandarin Chinese Mandarin Chinese is the official language of Mainland China and the nearby island of Taiwan. There are over 1.3 billion people living in Mainland China alone. This means that at least one out of six people on the planet speak Chinese, making it the language spoken by more people than any other language on earth. Originally, Mandarin Chinese was a dialect of the Chinese language spoken by peoples living in the north of China. A dialect is a spoken variation of the same language. Perhaps at one time dialects began as regional accents, but after hundreds of years these accents have become so different from one another that people from different areas no longer understand one another. Today, even people from two villages just a few miles apart may speak different dialects and may not understand one another well. Yet, because many Chinese dialects (such as Cantonese or Fujianese) originated from the same language, they share the same written language. So, written Chinese is universally understood by literate people in China (see page 6 for a discussion of Simplified and Traditional characters). Still, without a common spoken language, Chinese people from different areas of the country would be unable to communicate unless they wrote down what they wanted to say. Therefore, Mandarin was chosen to become the national language of China. In most areas, children are required to learn Mandarin in school, and teachers speak Mandarin in the classroom. Because of this, most educated Chinese people can speak Mandarin well, though many still have regional accents. So, do not be confused if one Chinese person pronounces a word differently from another Chinese person. For example, a person from the south of China may have difficulty pronouncing the letter n, so instead they say l. Because of this, many people say Li hao instead of Ni hao. A person from another area of China may not be able to pronounce the sh sound, so instead they say s. Others have difficulty pronouncing the letter f. There are many variations of this type because Mandarin is a second language not only for us, but also for many Chinese people as well. Another interesting fact is that some Americans can learn a better Mandarin accent than even some Chinese people. How can that be? Well, it is because English and Mandarin share many of the same sounds (for example n, sh, and f ), whereas some Chinese dialects lack these sounds. The biggest challenge for English speakers of Mandarin Chinese is pronouncing the four tones, and we will address this subject later. Pin Yin: Mandarin Chinese Phonetics Many people are intimidated when thinking of the Chinese language because it s system of writing is quite complex. A symbol, or character, represents each word in the Chinese language. These characters are not phonetic, any more than $, %, or & are phonetic. Just as one cannot tell how to pronounce % merely by looking at it, one cannot pronounce a Chinese character without first learning how it is said. Also, like $ and %, Chinese characters represent entire words, dollar and percent. Since there are literally thousands of Chinese characters, it would be quite a challenge to learn this language without the help of phonetics. Pinyin phonetics bridge the gap between spoken and written Chinese. Moreover, Pinyin is quite straight forward and easy to learn. Many of us are able to say hello in Mandarin: Ni hao. Yet, how many of us would recognize the characters 你好? Likely, not very many. Therefore, Pinyin (which literally means phonetic sounds ), is incredibly useful for anyone who wants to learn Mandarin Chinese. In fact, pinyin was developed in China and is used in Chinese schools to help young people there learn characters. So, because of this, Pinyin letters were not meant to correspond to English sounds, but rather to Chinese ones. i

5 The rules of Pinyin spelling and pronunciation are quite simple. There are very few exceptions to the rules of Pinyin pronunciation. Please remember, though, that the most important part of learning a language is learning proper pronunciation. Work hard to thoroughly understand Pinyin. Keep in mind that although Pinyin uses the same letters as English, they do not represent the same sounds. Each letter in Pinyin represents a Chinese sound, so you will have to re-learn our alphabet. Once you fully understand this packet, you are well on your way to learning to speak Mandarin Chinese! The Pronunciation of Pinyin Letters Remember, the guidelines given on this page are not exact. They are merely provided to help you to get an idea of how these sounds are pronounced. Please also remember that nothing can replace listening carefully to Chinese people and tapes or CDs. Try to repeat new words aloud as often as possible. It is said that reading and pronouncing a word aloud twenty times is equal in helpfulness to reading a word seventy-five times silently. It is also helpful to record yourself pronouncing these sounds. After recording yourself reading Chinese words aloud, play the tape back and compare your accent with a Chinese person s accent. Also, remember that it is better to overaccentuate the sounds at first and to speak slowly. This will help your tongue to become more accustomed to these foreign sounds. Later, work on speeding up and speaking more fluently. Initials 1. b, p, m, f : Basically sound like the English letters b, p, m, and f, except when combined with an o. If put with an o, the end result sounds like a New Yorker saying the end of the word door. Listen carefully to the teacher pronouncing these sounds. 2. d, t, n, l, g, k, h : Basically sound like the English letters d, t, n, l, g, k, and h, except they are produced towards the back of the throat and use more breath. 3. j: gee, q: chee, x: shee :The tongue is not curled for these sounds. 4. zh: jr, ch: chr, sh: shr, r: very different from r in English : The tongue should be curled towards the roof of your mouth when saying any of these 4 letters. The tongue is in the exact same position for all four letters. 5. z: dz, c: ts as in cats, s: Think of a snake hissing, ss. Your tongue should be near or touching your front teeth for these letters. 6. y: ee, w: oo (NOT yee or woo ) These letters have the same pronunciation as the finals i and u. ii

6 Finals 1. a: ah as in father. This letter has different sounds depending on what final it is part of. See -an, -ang, -ian, and -uan. 2. ai: ai as in aisle, -ao: ow as in cow, but softer, and don t close your lips when saying it. 3. e: uh as in bun or sometimes said like the e in yet, -ei: ei as in eight 4. i: ee as in the Spanish i, -ia: yah, It s important to emphasize the aah sound at the end of this final, imagine you are at the dentist saying aaah. -ie: ye as in yet, -iu: yo, originally, this final was spelled iou, then later the o was dropped. -iao: yow, but softer, - ian: yen, the a in this final sounds like the e in yet. 5. o: like the o in soft. Keep your lips open when saying the end of this sound. ou: oh, You should close your lips at the end of saying this sound. 6. u: oo as in choose, but sounds more hollow. Imagine that your mouth is full of marbles while saying it. -ua: wah, It s very important to emphasize the aah sound at the end of this final, like you are at the dentist. -ui: way, this final originally was spelled uei, then the e was dropped. un: wun, -uo: oor as a New Yorker would say door, -uai: why. 7. ü - üe - üan - ün 8. an: Anne like a British person would say it. This a is very different than English a s. Listen carefully to how Chinese people pronounce this sound. 9. en: un as in bun, but softer. in: ine as in machine. (The n in -an, -en, and -in is said with the tip of your tongue touching the back of your front teeth. So, it sounds softer than an English n. Sometimes, it s hard to even hear a Chinese person say n because it is so soft.) 10. ang: ahng, this has a long aaah sound in it, like you are at the dentist. Try saying the word long with a big smile. Then you will hear the -ang sound. eng: ung as in lung. ing: ing as in laughing, but softer. Chinese people don t say the ing as hard as Americans do. Sometimes, it sounds so soft it is hard to hear them say it. iii

7 ong: ohng, Listen carefully to how Chinese people say this sound. It is nasal and different from English. It includes a long oh sound. 11. iang: yahng, again emphasize the aah to sound like you are at the dentist. iong: yohng just like -ong but it starts with a y sound. 12. uan: wan as in wand (the n is said with the tongue at the front of the mouth, touching the front teeth), -uang: wahng, again, remember being at the dentist aaah! Learn to Read and Write Chinese Characters To many people, the most intimidating thing about the Chinese language is its unique system of reading and writing. Yet, to so many students of Chinese, the most interesting and fun part of learning the language are the characters. Some people love the characters so much that they learn to read and write, but never learn how to speak Chinese! This course, though, focuses on how to give a witness in Chinese. So, we need a well rounded knowledge of basic Chinese in order to do that. This, of course, includes having some understanding of Chinese characters. We have already discussed that written Chinese is a system of symbols, just like % or $ are symbols. Yet, many characters have stories behind them, meaning that they are actually pictures that tell a story. Some friends have noticed that one such character is referenced in the Insight on the Scriptures volumes as proof that the flood was a historical event. (It. Vol. 1 pg. 328) This character contains the symbols for vessel: 舟, the number eight: 八, and the symbol representing people, a mouth: 口. So, eight persons in a vessel comprises the character for ship : 船. This character may have reference to the Flood of Noah s day. Another character is believed to have reference to the Garden of Eden. It contains two trees: 林 and a woman: 女. What does this character mean? Greed: 婪. As you can see, the characters become much less intimidating and much more interesting when one learns the stories behind them. In this class, we will learn some of these stories and have some fun learning to read and write Chinese. Chinese characters are frequently composed of several simple characters all put together, to build a new, more complex word. Some examples were given above. One more example involves the character for tree : 木. Can you see the trunk, branches, and roots? So, if that represents a tree, then how would a Chinese person write forest? 森. Logically, a forest has several trees in it, so the word for forest is merely three trees. Many characters are similar in their logic. To make the logic simpler, Chinese characters are generally comprised of two main parts: a radical and a phonetic. The radical lends meaning to the character, while the phonetic gives an idea how the character might be pronounced. Radicals and phonetics are usually also simpler characters with simple meanings when they appear by themselves (like the character for tree that xīn we saw above). Another example is 心, the character meaning heart. This character is also used xiăng sī rĕn as a radical to build words with more complicated meanings. Here are some examples: 想 思 忍 zhōng and 忠. Now, since heart is the radical for all of these characters, then their meanings should xiăng all relate somehow to the literal or figurative heart. Let s take a look at their meanings. 1. 想 : to iv

8 sī think, to miss, to want. 2. 思 rĕn : to think, to meditate. 3. 忍 : to endure, to tolerate. 4. 忠 : loyal, faithful, sincere. So, we can clearly see that the radical really does influence the meaning of the character. All of these characters involve feelings- the figurative heart. If you have a basic understand of radicals, then you will be able to understand much about Chinese writing. There are over 200 radicals, but only about 50 are used frequently. Most radicals resemble the thing they symbolize, so they are not difficult to remember. What are some examples of phonetics, then? Well, two of the characters above are good examples of this, as well. We know that the radical of 想 How is 相 pronounced, then? xiāng 相 meaning is completely different from 想 this character s phonetic. How is 中 said? 中. It is pronounced exactly the same! Yet, again, the meanings of the phonetics often have nothing in common. They usually just have similar pronunciation. But, how do we figure out which part of a character is the radical, and which is the phonetic? We are often reduced to guessing! Often it is a 50/50 chance either way. Nonetheless, knowing these facts about Chinese characters helps to take some of the mystery out of them. Much time has passed since the invention of the Chinese system of writing. Over hundreds of years, languages can change dramatically. (Just read some Chaucer as proof of that!) For this reason, today s radicals and phonetics are not 100% reliable. Sometimes the character does not sound like it s phonetic and means something quite different from its radical. Whereas some changes in the Chinese language were due to time, the government of Mainland China introduced other changes. Why? Some Chinese characters are made up of so many smaller characters that they become difficult to remember and time-consuming to write. Therefore, in the 1950 s, the government of Communist China reasoned that if the most frequently used and most difficult characters were simplified, then more people could be taught how to read and write. How was this done? It must not have been an easy task. For example, a frequently used character is 為, meaning for or because. This character is quite complex, so the government simplified it, eliminating many of the lines (or strokes) that composed it. Yet, they strived to keep the basic impression of the character. So, the new version looks like this: 为. Many Simplified characters resemble Chinese calligraphy which, when written quickly and skillfully, blends many of the strokes together, creating a graceful impression of the word. There are many strong opinions about Simplified and Traditional characters. Some people who were raised in Mainland China and who learned Simplified characters as children love them and think that they are superior to the old kind. On the other hand, some older persons and people from Taiwan and Hong Kong think that the communist government desecrated their ancient and beautiful system of writing. For some people, the issue is political in nature. Many people dislike anything produced by a communist government, including Simplified characters. Those in favor of Communism feel a patriotic pride for the achievements of their government. We, on the other hand, are obviously neutral when it comes to these political views. But, since Pinyin was developed in Mainland China, all of the Pinyin literature produced by the Society also use Simplified characters. So, this book will use Simplified characters. Each Chinese character represents one syllable, or one Pinyin word, such as xiang or zhong. Because Chinese words are monosyllabic, there are only about 400 syllables possible (not counting the tonal variations) in the Mandarin language. (Please see chart, also in the Preface) This means that Mandarin Chinese has an enormous amount of homonyms (words that sound the same). In English, words that sound alike such as meat and meet are relatively rare, but homonyms are the norm in Mandarin. How do the Chinese avoid confusion, then? Often, several words must be v xiăng xīn zhōng is 心. So, that leaves 相 as the phonetic.. The only difference in pronunciation is the tone. Yet, the xiăng zhōng! Similarly, the radical for 忠 zhōng xīn is 心, therefore 中 must be

9 hé combined to form a distinct word. For example, the word 和 means peace, but when used alone, it sounds like the words for shut, box, lotus, quill, jaws and the homonyms go on and on. So, that can become quite confusing. So, in order to make the meaning clear, 和 is often combined with píng another word that also means peace, 平. Together, 和平 unmistakably sounds like peace. So, the Chinese language may seem redundant at times, but with good reason. At other times, two words with different meanings are put together to create a new thought. In English this is also done. Basket and ball by themselves are words, but together they form a new word, basketball. An zhōngguó example of this in Chinese is 中国 guó. The character 中 zhōngguó vi hépíng zhōng hé alone means middle. The character 国 alone means country. Yet, together, 中国 means China or Middle Kingdom, literally. So, these compound words are written without spaces between them in the Pinyin system. This makes it clear that there should not be a pause in between the words when speaking. One should say zhongguo and not zhong / guo. Chinese characters are made up of strokes. In order to write a character properly, these strokes must be written in the proper order. Some dictionaries (such as Write and Write Chinese by Rita Mei-Wah Choi) include the stroke order for every character in the dictionary. In order to be able to write Chinese well, you must write each new character over and over again until you feel comfortable with it. Generally, this means writing each character at least 50 to 100 times. This is really the only way to get them right! Even Chinese children learn this way. (*For more information on Chinese, please also see A language that is Radically Different g! 75 5/22 pages 9-13) Tones One thing about Mandarin that Chinese people pick up much more easily than native English speakers is the four tones. All Chinese dialects have tones (some have eleven or more), so Chinese people are accustomed to their use and significance. To some non- Chinese speaking people, though, the concept of tones can be quite difficult to get used to. Yet, in order to speak Mandarin understandably we must get used to the idea. What are tones, exactly? Tones are different pitches of the voice that in English are used to convey different emotions or shades of meaning. For example, a curious What? has a very different tone from an angry What?! In Chinese, though, tones do not just signify different emotions, but they signify completely different words. The difference between the words for horse and mother in Mandarin is purely tonal. Horse is a low tone whereas mother is a high tone. Yet, they are both pronounced ma. So, it is clear that being able to differentiate between the four tones is essential to being understood when speaking Mandarin. At first, we may feel a little silly saying the four tones, but with practice it will become second nature to us. Tones one through four are as follows: First Tone: a high, level tone your voice should not rise or drop. Think of how a robot would talk: very flat, not falling or rising. A common mistake that students make is not going high enough- if you can go higher, then do it. Second Tone: starting at the middle range of your voice and sharply rising up to a higher tone. Where you start this tone should be comfortable for you- if you start out too high, then you won t be able to make your voice go much higher. Third Tone: Full third tone: (used when a word is at the end of a phrase or sentence) go as low as you can go and then raise your voice slightly at the end. You should be able to feel your chest vibrate. This tone may feel a bit uncomfortable at first, but that means that you are doing it

10 right. Half Third Tone: most third tones are half third tones. Go as low as you can go and do not make your voice rise at the end. This tone is shorter than full third tone. Fourth Tone: Starts high, then sharply drops to a lower tone. Think of a karate chop, or say it as you are stomping your foot. This tone should come more easily to Americans learning Mandarin. There is also a fifth, neutral tone. This tone has no special emphasis. It is light and short. Please remember, too, that these tones are all said with your speaking voice. Do not sing your tones. Each person has a different vocal range. Women generally have a higher voice than men. So, in general, women s first tones will sound higher than a man s. And a man s third tone will sound lower than a woman s. What is important is each tone in relation to the other tones we use. When pronouncing two or more syllables that make up a word, try to make the tones flow naturally. This will take a lot practice, such as reading out loud. Practice until you do not have to pause before each tone changes. You may pause between phrases and sentences, of course. Below is a chart representing the four tones in the normal speaking range. NORMAL SPEAKING RANGE : First tone is short, high, and does not waver. Second tone starts at the middle to low range and sharply goes higher. Third tone curves, but always stays as low as you can go. Fourth tone starts high and sharply goes low. Fifth tone has no special emphasis- it is short and light. Note: Using your hands to gesture the tones as you speak can really help to train your voice. Imitate the direction of the tones with your hand as you speak. vii

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12 STUDY BOOKS 1. Pimsleur Mandarin Tapes Passport to Chinese (100 most commonly used characters) Lin Shan 3. Learn to write (traditional characters only) Johan Bjorksten 117 pgs. ISBN Fun with Chinese Idioms V. 1,2 (for advanced students) Simplified characters. Ching Yee & John Smithback. ISBN , 128 pgs. 5. Chinese in 10 minutes a day (comes with flashcards) ISBN GRAMMAR 1. Reference Grammar by Henry Hung-Yeh Tiee. 395 pgs. 2. Guide to Proper Usage of Spoken Chinese by Tian Shou-He. ISBN DICTIONARIES 1. Oxford Starter Chinese Dictionary. Oxford Univ. Press Good for beginners. Chinese/English & English/Chinese 2. A Chinese-English Dictionary. Beijing University. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press Organized by pinyin. Simplified & Traditional. 3. ABC Chinese-English Dictionary by John DeFrancis. Organized by Pinyin. Simplified. 4. Far East Chinese-English Dictionary. ISBN Organized by radicals and pinyin. Traditional. 5. Chinese-English/Chinese-English Pocket Dictionary. Hippocrene Books Characters and pinyin. 6. Concise English-Chinese/Chinese-English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. ISBN Large print edition. Characters & Pinyin. Simplified & Traditional.

13 COMPUTER AIDES (British brother s site- has pinyin publications plus other useful stuff) 3. NJ Star word processor- simplest program for typing Chinese, free demo available. 4. Chi-KEW - slightly more advanced program for typing Chinese, English to Chinese and Chinese to English definitions, ask Leah or Kim for more info. 5. CWPS (Chinese Word Processing System)- similar to Chi-kew but much more advanced, includes Chinese Bible and Cantonese, ask Leah or Kim for more info. THEOCRATIC AIDES 1. Require Broc. -(Mandarin) Cassette tape -Brochure with Pinyin 2. Lasting Peace & Happiness Broc. -(Mandarin) Cassette tape 3. Bible Stories Book- (Mandarin) Cassette tape 4. Many books from Greek Scriptures- Cassette tapes 5. Most videos also available in Mandarin 6. Knowledge book- available with Pinyin 7. Several Drama audiocassettes 8. Kingdom Ministries- available in Pinyin 9. Great Teacher book Cassette tapes (Mandarin)

14 Grammar Charts The following charts are examples of how grammar learning can be simplified. The following charts show how you can use vocabulary that you have already learned to compose literally hundreds of different sentences. The colors represent different parts of speech. Try to read through the charts and understand the possible combinations of words. Each chart represents a complete sentence. Different charts show different grammar patterns. Subject Auxiliary verb VO Subject VO complex Chuandaoyuan yao banjia Xianqu xiang shangban Nu er hui xiaban Er.zi keyi shangxue Sun.zi neng xiaxue Sunnu xiangyao shang juhui Linju yinggai kaiche Dongwu yuanyi chuandao Fenqu Jiandu leyi shuijiao Quyu Jiandu jixu wen wenti Daiwu Jiandu zongshi huida wenti Tebie xianqu bixu zoulu línjū Ex. 邻居 dòngwù Ex. 动物 bìxū 必须 zŏngshì 总是 bānjiā 搬家 The neighbors must move. shuìjiào 睡觉 Animals usually sleep. Wo Ta Ni Ba.ba Ma.ma Ye.ye Lao.lao Wo.de pengyou Zhanglao Zhulipuren Ge.ge Jie.jie Ex. 我 zhănglăo Ex. 长老 tiàowŭ 跳舞 I dance. xiĕ 写 zì 字 chifan paobu shuijiao kanshu tiaowu zoulu chuandao heshui nabao xiezi kaiche chuan yi.fu The Elder writes. Subject adverb (not essential to sentence) (includes implied is ) adjective Wo hen (very) piaoliang Ta ting (quite) hao Ta Ba.ba feichang (extremely) re Ta Ma.ma bu (not) leng Wo.de laoban hao (very) lei Wo zhang.fu mang Wo qi.zi nanguo Wo zhi.zi kuaile Tianshi xinku Hai.zi congming Nanren ke ai Nuren rexin tā Ex. 他 de Ex. 我的 bàba 爸爸 fēicháng 非常 lăobăn 老板 hăo 好 máng 忙 His Father is extremely busy. xīnkŭ 辛苦 My boss is very hard-working (under tough conditions).

15 Subject Subject VO complex Verb de 地 adverb Wo chifan chi.de kuai Ta paobu pao.de man Ta Ba.ba shuijiao shui.de rongyi Ta Ma.ma kanshu kan.de cuxin Wo.de laoban tiaowu tiao.de xixin Wo zhang.fu zoulu zou.de kuaile Wo qi.zi chuandao chuan.de rexin Wo zhi.zi heshui he.de nanguo Tianshi nabao na.de gaoxing Hai.zi xiezi xie.de hao Nanren kaiche kai.de buhao Nuren chuan yi.fu chuan.de shengqi nánrén Ex. 男人 tā Ex. 她 hē 喝 māma 妈妈 suŏ 所 shuĭ 水 zŏu 走 hē 喝 lù 路 de 地快 zŏu 走 verb kuài The man drinks water quickly. de màn 地慢 Her mother walks slowly. de 的 (#) noun adjective Chuandaoyuan suo zuo.de (Yi.ge) biyu hao Xianqu ting (# MW) fang.zi buhao Nu er shuo ren fuza Er.zi xiang hua jiandan Sun.zi xie shu haoting Sunnu kan gongzuo nankan Linju du yanjiang haokan Zhi.zi he dianying haochi Fenqu Jiandu gei fan haohe Quyu Jiandu wangji hongjiu xinku Daiwu Jiandu chi qiche gui Tebie xianqu mai tonggong pianyi fēnqūjiāndū Ex. 分区监督 érzi Ex. 儿子 Subject suŏ 所 shuō 说 suŏ 所 de 的 gĕi 给 de 的 yănjiăng 演讲好 hăo The talk that the C.O. gave was good. huà jiăndān 话简单 The words that (the) son spoke were simple. shì 是 Shi.de gè 个 construction: can be used with adjectives de adverb adjective 的 noun Ta shi.ge hen hao.de ren Wo shi ting piaoliang chuandaoyuan Ta.de shi feichang shuai yanjiangzhe pengyou Zhulipuren shi bu pang laoban Ta.de Zhangfu shi hao shou tonggong tā Ex. 她 de 的 zhàngfu 丈夫 shì 是 gè 个 hĕnhăo 很好 de 的 chuándàoyuán 传道员 Her husband is a very good publisher.

16 w. tie ww n t.v a.n e ho ng

17 pŭtōnghuà :Mandarin Chinese dìyī kè :First Lesson 数字 shùzì Numbers 1 20, 零 qī 七 líng bā 八 十一 shíjiŭ 十九 yī 一 jiŭ 九 èr 二 shí 十 sān 三 shíyī èrshí 二十 二十一 èrshíwŭ 二十五 shí èr 十二 shísān 十三 shísì 十四 shíwŭ 十五 sì 四 shíliù 十六 wŭ 五 shíqī 十七 èrshíyī, etc. 三十 jiŭshí 九十 yībăi 一百 èrshí èr 二十二 èrshísān 二十三 èrshísì 二十四 sānshí sìshí 四十 wŭshí 五十 liùshí 六十 qīshí 七十 How to say 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th, etc. (ordinal numbers) dìyī dì èr 1 st = 第一, 2 nd = 第二, 3 rd *Put di in front of the number (Di :) bāshí 八十 dìsān dìsì dìwŭ = 第三, 4 th = 第四, 5 th = 第五, etc. pŭtōnghuà dìyī kè Mandarin, First Lesson = 普通话第一课 pŭtōnghuà dì sānshí sì kè Mandarin, Thirty-fourth Lesson = 普通话第三十四课 pŭtōnghuà dì yībăi kè Mandarin, One Hundreth Lesson = 普通话第一百课 liù 六 shíbā 十八 1

18 hăo 你好 nín hăo 您好 zuótiān 昨天 míngtiān 明天 hòutiān 後天 zhè hello 我 (formal) hello dì yī kè : shēngcí New Words men 我们 tā I, me we, us yesterday 他 he, him tomorrow 她 she, her tā tāmen in 2 days 他们 them biān this side tā 它 it 这边 nà biān tāmen 那边 that side 它们 zuŏ 左 yòu 右 left 你 you men them (inanimate objects) right 你们 you (plural) shànggèxīngqī 上个星期 xiàgèxīngqī 下个星期 lastweek nextweek xiàgèxīngqī sì 下个星期四 shànggèxīngqī tiān 上个星期天 next Thursday last Sunday jièshàocí 介绍词 : Presentation Hello! Here is good news for you. Please read it. Goodbye! hăo gĕi nín hăoxiāoxī qĭngníndú hăoma zàijiàn 你好! 给您好消息. 请您读 好吗? 再见! shì : to be, is, was, were, are, am Chinese speaking people use verbs (like is ) very differently than English speaking people do. English speakers conjugate, or change, most verbs depending on what they are talking about, but that is not true in Mandarin. For example: If a Chinese person were to speak English like he speaks Chinese, he may sound like this: Yesterday I is a teacher, but today I is a student. Tomorrow I is a professor. zuótiān shì lăoshī dànshì jīntiān shì xuésheng míngtiān shì jiàoshòu As you can see, Chinese grammar can be easier than English grammar! 2

19 CHINESE PHONETIC DRILL Zāo záo zăo zào Hāo háo hăo hào Bāi bái băi bài Fāng fáng făng fàng Shāo sháo shăo shào Dā dá dă dà Zhī zhí zhĭ zhì Chēng chéng chĕng chèng Shī shí shĭ shì Lēi léi lĕi lèi Quān quán quăn quàn Huān huán huăn huàn Yōng yóng yŏng yòng Fēn fén fĕn fèn Xiān xián xiăn xiàn Shēng shéng shĕng shèng chāng cháng chăng chàng qiāo qiáo qiăo qiào dī dí dĭ dì yē yé yĕ yè gē gé gĕ gè tū tú tŭ tù qiān qián qiăn qiàn zhoū zhoú zhoŭ zhoù yī yí yĭ yì xiē xié xiĕ xiè 3

20 xībóláiyŭ 希伯来语 shèngjīng 圣经 xīlàyŭ 希腊语 Bible Books shèngjīng 圣经 xīnyuē 新约 jiùyuē 旧约 Hebrew Scriptures Greek Scriptures New Testament Old Testament 创世纪 chuàngshìjì Genesis 马太福音 mătàifúyīn Matthew 出埃及记 chū āijíjì Exodus 马可福音 măkĕfúyīn Mark 利未记 lìwèijì Leviticus 路加福音 lùjiāfúyīn Luke 民数记 mínshùjì Numbers 约翰福音 yuēhànfúyīn John 申命记 shēnmìngjì Deuteronomy 使徒行传 shĭtúxíngzhuàn Acts 约书亚记 yuēshūyăjì Joshua 罗马书 luómăshū Romans 士师记 shìshījì Judges 哥林多前书 gēlínduōqiánshū 1 Corinthians 路得记 lùdéjì Ruth 哥林多後书 gēlínduōhoùshū 2 Corinthians 撒母耳记上 sāmŭ ĕrjìshàng 1 Samuel 加拉太书 jiālātàishū Galatians 撒母耳记下 sāmŭ ĕrjìxià 2 Samuel 以弗所书 yĭfúsuŏshū Ephesians 列王纪上 lièwángjìshàng 1 Kings 腓立比书 féilìbĭshū Philippians 列王纪下 lièwángjìxià 2 Kings 歌罗西书 gēluóxīshū Colossians 历代志上 lìdàizhìshàng 1 Chronicles 帖前 tiĕsāluóníjiāqiánshū 1 Thessalonians 历代志下 lìdàizhìxià 2 Chronicles 帖後 tiĕsāluóníjiāhoùshū 2 Thessalonians 以斯拉记 yĭsīlājì Ezra 提摩太前书 tímótàiqiánshū 1 Timothy 尼希米记 níxīmĭjì Nehemiah 提摩太后书 tímótàihoùshū 2 Timothy 以斯帖记 yĭsītiĕjì Esther 提多书 tíduōshū Titus 约伯记 yuēbójì Job 腓利门书 féilìménshū Philemon 诗篇 shīpiān Psalms 希伯来书 xībóláishū Hebrews 箴言 zhēnyán Proverbs 雅各书 yăgèshū James 传道书 chuándàoshū Ecclesiastes 彼得前书 bĭdéqiánshū 1 Peter 雅歌 yăgē Song of Solomon 彼得後书 bĭdéhoùshū 2 Peter 以赛亚书 yĭsàiyăshū Isaiah 约翰一书 yuēhànyīshū 1 John 耶利米书 yēlìmĭshū Jeremiah 约翰二书 yuēhànèrshū 2 John 耶利米哀歌 yēlìmĭ āigē Lamentations 约翰三书 yuēhànsānshū 3 John 以西结书 yĭxījiéshū Ezekiel 犹大书 yoúdàshū Jude 但以理书 dànyĭlĭshū Daniel 启示录 qĭshìlù Revelation 何西阿书 héxī āshū Hosea 约珥书 yuē ĕrshū Joel 阿摩司书 āmósīshū Amos Ex: 俄巴底亚书 ébādĭyăshū Obadiah Yăgèshū dì sì zhāng dì liù jié James 4:6 约拿书 yuēnáshū Jonah Shīpiān dì wŭ piān dì yī dào sān jié : 弥迦书 míjiāshū Micah Psalm 5:1-3 那鸿书 nàhóngshū Nahum 哈巴谷书 hābāgŭshū Habakkuk 西番雅书 xīfānyăshū Zephaniah 哈该书 hāgāishū Haggai 撒迦利亚书 sājiālìyăshū Zechariah 玛拉基书 mălājīshū Malachi From:Budapest Concise Chinese Course pg.7 4

21 pŭtōnghuà * 第二课 shíyòngde shēngcí Practical Vocabulary gōnggòngqìchē 公共汽车 huŏchē 火车 kăchē 卡车 lù 路 qìyóu 汽油 cèsuŏ 厕所 jĭngchá 警察 chūzūchē 出租车 qìchē 汽车 dìtiĕ 地铁 Train Truck Road Bus Gasoline Restroom Police Car Taxi Subway yuè 月 nián 年 xīngqī 星期 xīngqīyī 星期一 xīngqī èr 星期二 xīngqīsān 星期三 xīngqīsì 星期四 xīngqīwŭ 星期五 xīngqīliù 星期六 xīngqītiān 星期天 Week Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Month (add # s 1 12 = months) Year 5

22 xīn jièshàocí 新介绍词 "axã cüxáxçàtà ÉÇ" hăo 你好 gĕi! 给 你 hăoxiāoxī 好消息 qĭng (hand them literature) 请 你 kàn 看 zhè 这 duàn 段 jīngwén 经文 Hello! Here is good news for you. Please look at this scripture. (show householder Psalm 37:29) yìrén " 义人 bì 必 dé 得 zháo 著 dàdì 大地 yŏngyuăn 永远 zài 在 dìshàng 地上 ānjū 安居 zàijiàn " 再见! 你 我 你 我 tāmen 他们 yŏu 有 méiyŏu 没有 yŏu 有 méiyŏu 没有 yŏu qìchē 汽车 ma 吗 qìchē 汽车 huŏchē 火车 有 xīndòngcí axã ixüum yŏu " 有 " : to have, had, will have? Do you have a car? ( 吗.ma makes a statement into a question.) I don t have a car. ( 没有 meiyou = don t have ) ma 吗 huŏchē 火车 qìchē 汽车 yŏuméiyŏu? (fill in the translation) ma 吗? tāmen qìchē 他们 有没有 汽车? Do you have a car? ( 有没有 you meiyou : duplicating a verb makes a statement into a question, just like using.ma does. This is commonly done. ) 6

23 Fill in the Missing Words and Tones Wo zai xingqiwu went to buy a new qiche, because wo mei qiche. But, wo found out new qiche very expensive. Wo mei enough money. So, wo decided to buy an old kache instead. Thankfully, wo enough money to buy an old kache! Wo zai xingqi drove wo.de old to the juhui. But, wo.de kache mei enough qiyou! Halfway to the, wo ran out of. Many qiche passed wo, but no one stopped to help wo. As wo sat on the side of the lu, wo called the jingcha. Tamen said tamen will come very quickly to help. Wo waited and waited. It seemed like many yue passed, yet still tamen meiyou come! So, wo took a to get to the juhui because wo couldn t wait any longer. Wo didn t want to miss the juhui Wo also really needed to use the cesuo! 7

24 练习金字塔 Lianxi Pyramids zhègè 这个 zhègè xiăo 这个小 shì 是 zhè 这 zhègè 这个 dōngxi 东西 dōngxi 东西 shì 是 shì 是 shì 是 shì 是 shénme 什么? shénme 什么? shénme 什么? shénme 什么? shénme 什么? shèngjīng 圣经 shuō 说 shì 是 yēhéhuá shì 耶和华是 yēhéhuá 耶和华 shì 是 shàngdì 上帝 shàngdì 上帝 shàngdì 上帝 zhèxie 这些 dìxiōng 弟兄 doū 都 shì 是 shì 是 doū shì 都是 shì 是 fèichéng 费城 fèichéng 费城 fèichéng 费城 shèngjīng 圣经 shèngjīng shì 是 fèichéngde 费城的 huìzhòngde 会众的 huìzhòngde 会众的 huìzhòngde 会众的 shì 是 shì chuándàoyuán 传道员 chuándàoyuán 传道员 chuándàoyuán 传道员 chuándàoyuán 传道员 chuándàoyuán 传道员 shàngdìdehuàyŭ 上帝的话语 shàngdìdehuàyŭ 上帝的话语 是 xiāngxìn 相信 圣经 shì 是 shàngdìdehuàyŭ 上帝的话语 doū 都 xiāngxìn 相信 shèngjīng 圣经 shì 是 shàngdìdehuàyŭ 上帝的话语 yēhéhuájiànzhèngrén doū xiāngxìn 耶和华见证人都相信 shèngjīng 圣经 shìshàngdìdehuàyŭ 是上帝的话语 8

25 wángguójùhuìsuŏ : : Kingdom Hall shòunànjìniàn 受难纪念 shūjíyánjiūbān 书籍研究班 传道工作聚会 Memorial chuándàogōngzuòjùhuì chuándàoxùnliànbān 传道训练班 shŏuwàngtáiyánjiū 守望台研究 shèngjīngxuéshēng 圣经学生 juānkuăn 捐款 jiăngtái 讲台 jùhuì 聚会 contribution platform meeting Book Study Service Mtg zhùlĭpúrén 助理仆人 zhănglăo 长老 传道员 T. M. School 先驱 WT study Bible student Elder chuándàoyuán xiānqū dìxiōng 弟兄 jiĕmèi 姐妹 shìfàn Mini. servant pioneer brother sister publisher 示范 demonstration huìzhòng 会众 yănjiăng 演讲 congregation a talk túshūguăn 图书馆 shūkān 书刊 juānxiàn 捐献 chànggē 唱歌 rèqíng library literature donation to sing a song 热情 cordial /warm dà 大 xiăo 小 xīn large/big small 新 new lăo 老 old xīn jièshàocí : New Presentation hăo gĕi hăoxiāoxī 你好! 给你好消息 Hello! Here is good news for you! (hand householder literature) qĭng kàn zhèduàn 请你看这段 Please look at/read this. (read Ps. 37:29) xiàgèxīngqī zàilái bàifăng 我 下个星期 再来 拜访 I can come back next week, is that ok? jīngwén 经文 (Read Shipian 37:29) hăoma 你 好吗? hăo bùhăo Householder: ( 好 : ok / 不好 : not ok) 9

26 shéi 谁 shénme 什麽 who what shénmeshíhòu 什麽时候 when zài năr zài năli 在那儿 / 在哪里 wèishénme 为什麽 gànma 干吗 zĕnme 怎麽 zĕnmeyàng 怎麽样 duō 多 why what for how what how is it how how many??????? Question Words??????? where ma 吗 ne 呢 ba 吧 a 啊 hé 何 Some examples of usage. nă 哪 nă xiē 哪些 duōshăo 多少 jĭ 几 which one which ones how many, how much (for any #) how many, how much (for small #s) question particle (makes statement into a?) question particle (makes a question less formal) question particle (asking for agreement) question particle (softens the question; polite) how/which/where/why (depends on context) Nimen shi shei? Who are you? Zhe shi shenme? What is this? Ta shenme shihou lai? When is he coming? Tamen zai nar? Where are they? (spoken style) Ni weishenme chuandao? Why do you preach? Ni ganma chuandao? What do you preach for? (very colloquial) Women zenme zuo haoren? How can we be good people? Ni zenmeyang? How are you? Ta duo da? How old is she? Na ben Shengjing shi ni.de? Which Bible is yours? Na xie Shengjing shi ni.de? Which Bibles are yours? Zhe.ge duoshao qian? How much does this cost? Ni you ji.ge hai.zi? How many kids do you have? Ni you hai.zi.ma? Do you have kids? Shei.a? Who is it? Ni you hai.zi.ba? You have kids, don t you? Ni you hai.zi.ne? And do you have kids, then? BONUS: Ni shibushi Yehehua Jianzhengren? Niyoumeiyou zazhi? 10

27 Biographical Database Get up, walk around the room, greet your classmates in Mandarin, and then ask them these questions (please, use ONLY Mandarin!!!). Answer the questions in Mandarin (except #3- you can use English, but please be BREIF). Write down the answer using Pinyin in your notebook. Then, switch roles. Try to talk with as many classmates as possible in allotted time. Use this time for practicing your Mandarin. 1. Q: 你 A: 我 de 2. Q: 你的 jiào 叫 shénme 什麽 míngzi 名字? (What is your name?) jiào 叫. (My name is.) diànhuà 电话 hàomă 号码 shì 是 duōshăo 多少? (What is your phone number?) de diànhuà hàomă shì A: 我的电话号码是 ( ) - -. (My phone number is ( ) -.) 3. Q: 你 wèishénme 为什麽 xiăng 想 xuéxí 学习 pŭtōnghuà 普通话? (Why are you learning Mandarin?) A: (use English- please be brief) 4. Q: 你 A: 我 zhùzài 住在 zhù năli 哪里? (Where do you live?) zài ( state ). (I live in.) 住在 11

28 Grammar Practice NOUN: A person, place, animal, state, or thing. (Harry, house, dog, car, box, etc.) PRONOUN: A small class of words that replace a noun or noun phrase. (I, me, he, she, them, who, it, we, etc.) ADJECTIVE: A word which describes or modifies a noun. (a red car, a thin girl, the fat cow, dark room, etc.) VERB: An action, state, or relation between two things (to run, to be, to love, to talk, to go, to do, etc) In English, verbs often start with to. An AUXILIARY VERB is a helping verb, it goes before the main verb. (She wants to run., He has to go., or Terry will go to the game.) The OBJECT of a verb is a noun that the verb applies to. (to eat food, walk on the road, read a book, etc. These phrases in Chinese are Verb-Object Complexes.) ADVERB: A word which modifies verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, or clauses. In English, often ends in ly. (quickly run, slowly walk, carefully write, etc.) Other examples of adverbs: now, very, well, here, etc. The SUBJECT of a sentence is the noun or pronoun that the sentence is talking about. (The dog barked. or He ran quickly to the market.) To determine what the subject is, ask yourself: Who or what barked?. QUESTION PARTICLE: (Chinese) A word usually used at the end of a sentence which makes the sentence into a question. (.ma,.ne,.ba,.ya, etc) GRAMMAR PARTICLE: (Chinese) A word that only has a grammar meaning and usage. (.de,.le, -zhi, -zhe, etc.) **Grammar formulas used in this class have the purpose of breaking down and simplifying Chinese grammar. We use abbreviations to stand for the above grammar words. To make a sentence, just plug words into the formula. Here are some examples of grammar formulas and how to break them down. Grammar Formula: S- VO. He ate food. He = Subject, ate = Verb, food = Object. Henry read the book. Henry = Subject, read = Verb, book = Object Grammar Formula: S- aux.v- VO. She wants to go to China. She = Subject, wants = Aux. Verb, to go = Verb, China = Object He will read a book. He = Subject, will = Aux. Verb, read = Verb, a book = Object. 12

29 pŭtōnghuà 普通话 dì sì * 第四 kè 课 wàiqín shēngcí 生词 : 外勤 fúwù 服务 Field Service shŏuwàngtái 守望台 jĭngxĭng 儆醒 Awake dānzhāng 单张 zázhì 杂志 shū 书 dàcèzĭ 大册子 tract magasine book brochure zhèngguīxiānqū 正规先驱 fúzhùxiānqū 扶助先驱 quánshífúwù 全时服务 wàiqín 外勤 fúwù 服务 shèngjīng yánjiū 圣经研究 āijiāzhúhù 挨家逐户 Watchtower regular pioneer auxiliary pioneer full-time service field service Bible study door-to-door jiātíng shèngjīng yánjiū 家庭圣经研究 máng 忙 to be busy chuándàoyuán 传道员 publisher family study chuándào dìqū 传道地区 chuándào xiăoshí 传道小时 chuándào bàogào 传道报告 hăoxiāoxī 好消息 kòng 空 shèngjīng 圣经 gāoxìng 高兴 wèntí 问题 good news territory free time, leisure The Bible to be happy question xùfăng 续访 return visit fēnfā 分发 to place, distribute chénggōng 成功 to be sucessful rèxīn 热心 zhòngyào 重要 xĭhuan 喜欢 chuándào 传道 to be zealous field service hours to be important to like to preach field service report 13

30 xīn 新 jièshàocí 介绍词 :New Presentation hăo gĕi hăoxiāoxī qĭng kàn zhèduàn jīngwén 你好! 给你好消息 请你看这段经文 :(Read Ps. 37:29) Hello! Here is good news for you. Please look at/read this scripture: yìrén " 义人 bì 必 dé zháo 得著 dàdì yŏngyuăn 大地 永远 zài dìshàng 在地上 ānjū 安居 " 我 xiàgèxīngqī 下个星期 zài 再 lái 来 bàifăng 拜访 你 好吗 I can come back next week, is that ok? 你 shénme 什麽 shíhòu 时候 yŏu 有 When do you have free time? hăo xiàgèxīngqī jiàn 好 下个星期见! Ok, see you next week! hăoma hào? (answer: 好 bùhăo - good, 不好 - not good) kòng 空? (answer: a day of the week, time of day) 14

31 Telling Time diăn fēnzhōng 点 : o clock 分钟 : minute(s) kè 刻 bàn : quarter of an hour 半 : half chà 差 : short of Examples: shí èr 12:00 十二 shí èr 12:05 十二 diăn 点 diăn wŭ fēn 点五分 shí èr 12:30 十二 shí èr 十二 diăn sānshí fēn 点三十分 diăn 点 bàn 半 shí èr 12:15 十二 shí èr 十二 diăn 点 diăn 点 shíwŭ 十五 yī kè 一刻 fēn 分 shí èr 12:45 十二 shí èr 十二 diăn 点 diăn 点 sìshí wŭ 四十五 sān kè 三刻 fēn 分 duìhuà Dialogue : 对话 qĭngwèn xiànzài Anna: 请问 现在 xiànzài Mr Wang: 现在 xièxie jĭ 几 bā diăn 八点 diăn 点 bàn? 半 Anna: 谢谢! (time passes ) qĭngwèn huŏchē Anna: 请问 火车 Mr Wang: 火车 xièxie huŏchē zàijiàn jĭ diăn lái ne 几点来呢? jiŭ diăn 九点 Anna: 谢谢 再见! lái 来 15

32 Tone Practice yēsū 1/1 耶稣 Jesus jīdū shīpiān 基督 Christ 诗篇 Psalms jiātíng 1/2 家庭 family yīngyŭ 1/3 英语 English tiānqì 1/4 天气 weather fúyīn 2/1 福音 Gospel nántí 2/2 难题 problems fánnăo 2/3 烦恼 worry chuándào 2/4 传道 to preach yŏngshēng 3/1 永生 sĭwáng 3/2 死亡 death 3/3 马 măkĕ 可 Mark zhēnyán 箴言 Proverbs fāngfă 方法 method shēngbìng 生病 sick qíjī 奇迹 miracle xuéxí 学习 study móguĭ 魔鬼 Devil rénlèi 人类 mankind niŭyuē 纽约 New York jiĕjué 解决 to solve xiăngfă 想法 viewpoint zhēnshí 真实 real shēntĭ 身体 body shēngqì 生气 angry yuányīn 原因 reason rénmín 人民 citizens wánmĕi 完美 perfect shújià 赎价 ransom kĕxī 可惜 a pity mĕiguó 美国 America kĕyĭ 可以 can miănfèi 3/4 免费 free ŏuxiàng 偶像 idol shèngjīng chànggē 4/1 圣经 Bible 唱歌 to sing lèyuán 4/2 乐园 paradise zhèngfŭ 4/3 政府 government shìjiè 4/4 世界 world xiàwá 夏娃 Eve jìnlĭ 浸礼 baptism yìjiàn 意见 opinion dăogào 祷告 pray lùjiā 路加 Luke rènhé 任何 any zuòzhĕ 作者 author bàolì 暴力 violence The most difficult tone combinations for English speakers are highlighted in grey. Please practice those very well. 16

33 bù The Differences between 不 méi and 没 Humor and Negatives 1. Negation bù 不 : not, not want to méi yŏu 没 : not (only used with 有 ) méiyŏu 没有 : haven t (negation of verb in the past) 2. Examples 我 我 我 我 我 bù 不 kàn 看! I will not look! bùnéng 不能 méiyŏu 没有 méiyŏu 没有 méiyŏu 没有 kàn 看 I can t see. kàn 看 I didn t see. zázhì 杂志 I don t have magazines. dúguò zhèbĕn 读过 这本 3. Good News/Bad News The good news is, I went out in service. shū 书 I haven t read this book. The bad news is, I did not have any literature. The good news is, my partner had extra. The bad news is, the householder couldn t read Chinese. The good news is, I had my Good news for all Nations booklet. The bad news is, it doesn t have Cambodian. The good news is, the little girl said, My mommy can t speak English, but I can! 17

34 pŭtōnghuà 普通话 dì * 第 wŭ 五 kè 课 jiātíng * 家庭 * FAMILY bàba 爸爸 māma 妈妈 érzi 儿子 n ǚ ér 女儿 shūshu 叔叔 gū gū 姑姑 yéye 爷爷 năinai 奶奶 zhí zi 侄子 zhí nǚ 侄女 fùqīn 父亲 lăoye 老爷 Dad Mom son daughter uncle * zhàngfu 丈夫 qīzi 妻子 jiātíng 家庭 háizi 孩子 réncí 仁慈 qīnmì aunt * 亲密 Grandfather * 沟通 Grandmother * nephew * gōutōng xiāoqiăn 消遣 guănjiào 管教 niece * 结婚 father jiéhūn mŭqīn 母亲 husband wife family child kind close communication recreation discipline to get married mother hūnyīn 婚姻 ài 爱 zūnzhòng 尊重 líhūn 离婚 guānxīn 关心 pèi oŭ 配偶 sūnzi 孙子 sūnnǚ 孙女 dăogào 祷告 jīdūtú 基督徒 fùmŭ 父母 marriage to love to respect to divorce to care spouse grandson granddaughter to pray Christian parents * Father s side of the family; the mother s side is below: wài / 外公 lăolao wàipó 姥姥 / 外婆 gōng Grandfather Grandmother jiù jiù 舅舅 āyí 阿姨 uncle aunt wàishēng 外甥 wàishēngnǚ 外甥 女 nephew niece 18

35 Fill in the blanks. qù axã ixüum TO GO : 去 ānnà 安娜 wáng 王 ānnà : 我 xiăojie jīntiān 今天 小姐 : 我 安娜 : 你 wáng 王 ānnà xiăojie xĭhuan 喜欢 xĭhuan qù 去 bù zhīdao 不知道 wángguójùhuìsuŏ 王国聚会所 kĕ bù kĕyĭ 可不可以 你 ne 呢 wángguójùhuìsuŏ ma 王国聚会所 吗 kĕshì de zhàngfu 小姐 : 喜欢 可是 我的 wèishénme 安娜 : 为什麽 wáng 王 xiăojie 小姐 : 我 ne 呢? yĕ 也 bù 不 zhīdao 知道! 丈夫?? bù 不 wángguójùhuìsuŏ 王国聚会所 yào 要 我 wángguójùhuìsuŏ 王国聚会所 xùfăng New presentation: 续访 Return Visit hăo shàngcì gĕi le hăoxiāoxī tā bāngzhù rén xuéxí shèngjīng 你好! 上次我给了你好消息 它帮助人学习圣经 Hello! Last time I gave you good news. It helps people to study the Bible. 我 juéde 觉得 rén 人 míngbai 明白 shèngjīng 圣经 hĕn 很 zhòngyào 重要 所以一 I feel it s important for people to understand the Bible, so I brought a brochure for you. qĭng 请 你 kàn kàn zàijiàn 看看 再见! Please take a look. Goodbye! suŏyĭ dài 带 le 了 yī bĕn 本 cèzi 册子 lái 来 gĕi 给 你 19

36 BIOGRAPHICAL DATABASE: QUESTION WORDS The question words from page 10 are underlined in each sentence. Questions: Answers: hăo 1. 你好! 你 jīntiān 今天 zĕnmeyàng hĕnhăo 怎麽样? 很好 bùcuò / 不错 hái kĕyĭ / 还可以 de 2. 你的 huìzhòng 会众 yŏu 有 jĭge 几个 xiānqū 先驱 de? 我的 huìzhòng 会众 yŏu 有 gè # 个 xiānqū 先驱 3. 你 yŏu 有 háizi 孩子 ma 吗 yŏu? 有 我 yŏu 有 Or 我 gè # 个 méiyŏu 没有 háizi 孩子 (Yes, I have # kids.) háizi 孩子 (I don t have kids.) zuì 4. 你最 xĭhuan 喜欢 nă 哪 gè 个 jùhuì 聚会? 我 zuì 最 xĭhuan 喜欢 jùhuì 聚会 Vocabulary for Biographical Database: hĕnhăo 1. 很好 : very good bùcuò 2. 不错 : pretty good hái 3. 还 zuì 4. 最 kĕyĭ 可以 : most : not bad xĭhuan 5. 喜欢 : to like jùhuì 6. 聚会 háizi 7. 孩子 :meeting :child, children méiyŏu 8. 没有 :don t have 20

37 nuòyă jiànzàole fāngzhoū 诺亚建造了方舟 Noah built the ark. gāiyĭn shāle yàbó 该隐 杀了 亚伯 Cain killed Abel. yăgè gĕi yĭsăo hónggēng 雅各 给 以扫 红 羹 Jacob gave Esau red stew. Dramatic Acting lì băijiā gĕi luòtuo shuĭ hē 利百加给骆驼水喝 Rebecca gave the camels water to drink. yuēbó shēngbìngle 约伯生病了 Job became sick. yădāng gēn xiàwá chī le jìnguŏ 亚当跟夏娃吃了禁果 Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit. 21

38 pŭtōnghuà dì liù kè tiān tiānshĭ 天使 angel (s) sālāfú 撒拉弗 jīlùbó 基路伯 língtĭ 灵体 seraph cherub spirit person tiānshàngde 天上的 heavenly wùzhìde 物质的 physical bùsĭ de tèxìng 不死的特性 immortality xiăoqúnyáng 小群羊 the little flock dànéngde 大能的 powerful xīnniáng 新娘 bride xīnláng 新郎 líng 灵 dàqì 大气 spirit tiānkōng 天空 xīngxing 星星 yŭzhòu 宇宙 groom atmosphere the sky the star (s) the universe kànbújiànde 看不见的 invisible shòugāo 受膏 anointed shísìwànsìqiānrén 十四万四千人 144,000 shàngdì de wángguó 上帝的王国 God s Kingdom yēhéhuá de băozuò 耶和华的宝座 Jehovah s throne shŭtiānde 属天的 xīntiān 新天 fùhuó 复活 new heavens xīnyēlùsālĕng 新耶路撒冷 língjiè 灵界 the spirit world heavenly resurrection New Jerusalem zhŭdăowén 主祷文 the Lord s Prayer shòugāofènzi 受膏份子 anointed ones xīnjièshàocí New Presentation hăo shàngcì gĕi le shŏuwàngtái 你好! 上次给了你守望台 Hello! Last time, I gave you a Watchtower magazine. zázhì 杂志 qĭng liúyì zhèlĭ shuō shŏuwàngtái xuānyáng shàngdì de wángguó 请留意 这里说 :" 守望台宣扬上帝的王国 Please notice, it says here: Watchtower Announcing Jehovah s Kingdom. yēsū zài zhŭdăowén lĭ tídào zhègè wángguó 耶稣在主祷文里提到这个王国 Jesus mentioned this Kingdom in the Lord s Prayer. " 22

39 tā 他 shuō yuàn de wángguó láilín yuàn de zhĭyì zài dìshàng 说 :" 愿你的王国来临 愿你的旨意在地上 He said: Let your kingdom come. Let your will be done on earth, shíxiàn 实现 xiàng 象 zài 在 tiānshàng 天上 as it is in heaven. yíyàng 一样 zhè bĕn 本 shì shénme qĭng dú yī xià zàijiàn 是什麽 请读一下 再见 is what. Please read it. Goodbye. xīndòngcí zázhì 杂志 jiĕshì 解释 shàngdì 上帝 " 这 This magazine explains God s Kingdom zuò! : To make, to do de 的 wángguó 王国 zuòfàn 做饭 to make (food) zuò péngyou 做朋友 to make friends zuò gōngzuò 做工作 to do work zuò zuòyè 做作业 to do homework 你 我 zuò 做 xiăng 想 shénme 什麽 zuò 做 gōngzuò 工作 péngyou 朋友? What work do you do? I want to make friends. *The verb zuo has many usages and meanings. We are only covering one aspect of this verb at this time. shèngjīng rénwù yàdāng dĭ ná xiàwá nuóyà yĭsā yuēbó yăgè yàbó yĭsăo yàlún lājié móxī yàbólāhăn lì băijiā gāiyĭn 23

40 kĕyĭ AUXILIARY VERBS : to be able : 可以 huì, 会 néng, and 能 kĕyĭ * 可以 (verb) to be able to : This is the most commonly used way to say can or able to. In the RQ brochure, for example, it says: Ni keyi zenyang zhidao shangdi you shenme yaoqiu? This means, How can you know what requirements God has? Keyi can also have the connotation of allowed to, or permitted to. For example, Wo keyi qu Joseph.de jia.ma? means Can I go to Joseph s house?. A parent may say keyi, yes, you can or bu keyi, no, you can t. huì * 会 (verb) to be able to: Hui has the connotation of mentally able to or to know how to do. For example, Wo hui shuo Putonghua, means I can speak Mandarin. Or, Wo hui xie zhongwen, means I can write Chinese. Writing or speaking a language takes mental ability, so we use the verb hui to express that thought. néng * 能 (verb) to be able to: Neng has the connotation of being physically able to do an activity. For example, a person with an injury may say, Wo buneng paobu, which means, I can t run. Or, someone that just recovered from an injury may say, Wo neng tiaowu, which means, I can dance. (This statement has the connotation of being physically able to dance. We could also say, Wo hui tiaowu, which would mean, I know how to dance. ) 24

41 shìjiè 普通话 * 弟七课 * 世界 The World chúnzhèngde sīxiăng 纯正的 思想 pure thoughts dàodé de jiéjìng 道德的洁净 moral cleanness shēntĭde jiéjìng 身体的洁净 physical cleanness sīxiăngde jiéjìng 思想的洁净 mental cleanness língxìng de jiéjìng 灵性 的洁净 spiritual cleanness bù jié xíngwéi 不洁 行为 unclean practices yīzhuó 衣著 clothing, headgear, and footwear fà xíng 发型 hair style(s) yīfu zhuāngbàn 衣服装扮 clothing styles bùliángdejiāowăng 不良的交往 bad association (s) huài 坏 wicked băngyàng 榜样 (good) example péngyou 朋友 friend(s) chuántŏng 传统 tradition(s) yúlè 娱乐 entertainment diànyĭng 电影 movie (s) tóngxué 同学 classmate(s) yántán 言谈 speech tàidu 态度 attitude(s) shuōhuăng derén 说谎的人 liar (s) dúpĭn 毒品 drugs bùdàodé 不道德 immoral fănpàn 反叛 a rebel; to rebel yĭngxiăng 影响 influence (s) xiāoqiăn 消遣 recreation diànshì 电视 television tónggōng 同工 workmate jiāowăng 交往 to associate with bàolì 暴力 violent ; violence wĕizōngjiào false religion 伪宗教 chéngyŭ 成语 : Chinese Idioms An idiom is a saying that tells a story or carries a specific meaning, such as wild goose chase or dog eat dog world. Chinese has many more commonly used idioms than the English language does. Chinese idioms are called CHENGYU. Chengyu are usually (but not always) made up of 4 characters. They are listed in most dictionaries under the first character of the chengyu. Watchtower publications use chengyu quite often. The Lasting Peace and Happiness brochure, page 17 gives us some examples. (We have provided a copy for you to look at, last page in this lesson.) 25

42 Liangci 量词 : Measure Words (or MW) A herd of horses. A flock of birds. Three loaves of bread. Nine pairs of shoes. English has many words for GROUPS of nouns. Chinese has even more! When you are talking about a SPECIFIC NUMBER of nouns (for example: a book, 3 people, 10 cars, etc) a MEASURE WORD must be used before the noun. yī Here are some examples: 一 bĕn 本 shū sān gè rén 书 (a book), 三个人 shí liàng qìchē (3 people), 十辆汽车 (10 cars). When English specifies a dog, it translates into Chinese one dog. If you don t know the proper MW, then use ge. It s better than not using a measure word at all!! If you just want to say several of something, without saying a specific number, yīxiē instead of a measure word, you would use 一些 yīxiē shū 一些书 (several books) yīxiē rén. For example: 一些人 (several people), or Some common measure words (MW) and their meanings: wèi * 位 used to denote respect; used for Jehovah, angels, and people. gè * 个 zhī * 只 all purpose MW ; used for people, Jehovah, angels, and spirit creatures. used for most mammals (dogs, cats, cows, sheep, etc), also birds bĕn * 本 used for bound objects, such as books (Bible, encyclopedias, etc). duì * 对 tiáo * 条 a pair, couple (yi dui fufu: a husband and wife pair) used for long, skinny things, like snakes, rope, river, ribbon, etc zhāng * 张 used for flat, horizontal objects, like table, desk, paper, etc liàng * 辆 fèn * 份 used for vehicles (cars, trucks, taxis, etc.) used for jobs, newspapers, tracts, and gifts. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate Measure Words: yŏu sān shū tā yŏu sì qìchē 1. 我有三 书 5. 他有四 汽车 de huìzhòng yŏu sānshísì xiānqū yēsū xiànzài shì yī língtĭ 2. 我的会众有三十四 先驱 6. 耶稣现在是一 灵体 tāmen yŏu wŭ háizi yào liăng zázhì ma 3. 他们 有 五 孩子 7. 你 要 两 杂志 吗? de zhàngfuyŏu liăng zhínǚ yŏu liăng 4. 我的丈夫有两 侄女 8. 我有两 cats 26

43 fùcí 副词 Adverbs An adverb is a descriptive word which modifies a verb, such as slowly or quickly. Many adverbs in English end with -ly. Some examples of how to use an adverb in English are: He writes very quickly. Or, She speaks Chinese very well. To make an adverb in Mandarin, here is the formula: Subject + verb-object + verb +.de + adjective. hĕnhăo màn kuài 很好 (very good, well), 慢 (slow), and 快 (fast) are all adjectives. If you put them at the end of an adverbial sentence such as in the formula above, they all become adverbs. Here are some examples: * 你 * 你 * 你 * 你 zuò 做 zuò 做 xué 学 shuō 说 gōngzuò 工作 zuòyè 作业 pŭtōnghuà 普通话 yīngwén 英文 zuò de 做地 zuò de 做地 xué de 学地 shuō de 说地 kuài 快! (You do work quickly!) hĕnhăo 很好! (You do your homework very well!) fēichánghăo 非常好! (You study Mandarin extremely well!) hĕn 很 màn 慢! (You speak English very slowly!) (In all of the above sentences, the subject was Ni. The verbobjects were: zuo gongzuo, zuo zuoye, xue Putonghua, and shuo Yingwen. Then the first verb was repeated with an adverb to modify it. We will in the future abbreviate most of these words when used in grammar formulas. For example: Subject= S, verb-object= VO, verb= V, adjective= ADJ, adverb= ADV. ) 27

44 成语 chéng yŭ zūnjìng zhăngbèi zài báifà de rén miànqián yào zhànqĭlái yĕ yào 尊敬 长 辈 : 在 白发 的 人 面 前, 你 要 站起来 ; 也 要 Respect one s senior(s): At grey-headedness * person in front of, you need stand up; and need zūnjìng lăorén yoù yào jìngwèi de shàngdì shì yēhéhuá 尊敬 老人 又 要 敬畏 你的 上帝 我 是 耶和华 respect old person(s), also need deeply respect & fear your God. I am Jehovah. lìwèijì 利未记 19:32 Leviticus 19:32 xiàojìng fùmŭ dāng xiàojìng fùmŭ shĭ de rìzi zài yēhéhuá 孝敬父母 : 当孝敬父母 使你的日子在耶和华 - 你 Show filial piety parents: Should show filial piety parents, cause your days at Jehovah - your shàngdì suŏ cì de dìshàng déyĭ chángjiŭ chū āijíjì 上帝所赐你的地上得以长久 " 出埃及记 20:12 God * give your on earth can lasting. Exodus 20:12 yĭnshuĭsīyuán chènzhe niányoù shuāibài de rìzi shàngwèi dào 饮水思源 : 你趁著年幼, 衰败的日子尚未到, When drinking water think of its source (feel grateful): You take advantage of -ing year(s) youth, decline * dāng jìniàn zào de zhŭ chuándàoshū 当纪念造你的主 " 传道书 days yet not arrive, should commemorate make you * master/lord. Ecclesiates 12:1 12:1 jìnzhūzhĕchì jìnmòzhĕhēi yŭ zhìhuì de rén tóng xíng de 近朱者赤, 近墨者黑 : 与智慧的人同行的, Near vermillion, get stained red; near ink, get stained black: with wise * person(s) together do/walk *, bì dé zhìhuì hé yúmèi rén zuò bànde bì shoù kuīsŭn 必得智慧 ; 和愚昧人作伴的, 必受亏损 " certainly obtain wisdom; with foolish person(s) be companion *, certainly suffer loss. zhēnyán 箴言 13:20 Proverbs 13:20 Lasting Peace and Happiness How to Find Them? Pg. 17 par. 16 héngjiŭ de píng ān hé xìngfú zĕnyàng cáinéng zhăozháo yè duàn 恒久的平安和幸福 - 怎样才能找著? 17 页 16 段 28

45 pŭtōnghuà dì bā kè 普通话 * 第八课 shēngcí zōngjiào 生词 : 宗教 Religion zōngjiào 宗教 religion (s) kĕzēngde 可憎的 detestable hăidìsī 海地斯 Hades chóngbài 崇拜 worship piānjiàn 偏见 prejudice xīwū ĕr 希屋尔 Sheol shízìjià 十字架 cross pàndàozhĕ 叛道者 apostate (s) zŭxiān 祖先 ancestor (s) sānwèiyītĭ 三位一体 trinity jiérì 节日 holiday tōnglíngshù 通灵术 spiritism dìyùyŏnghuŏ 地狱永火 hellfire ŏuxiàng 偶像 image (s) jīdūjiàoguó 基督教国 Christendom línghún 灵魂 soul (pagan) mùshī 牧师 clergyman fēnbiéde 分别的 gōngzuò 工作 separating work wĕizōngjiào 伪宗教 false religion (s) kŭxíngzhù 苦刑柱 torture stake dàbābĭlún 大巴比伦 Babylon the Great găn ēnjié 感恩节 Thanksgiving Day jiàotáng 教堂 zōngjiàoliánhé 宗教联合 kuānlù 宽路 church, cathedral interfaith the broad road shèngdànjié 圣诞节 Christmas línghúnbùsĭ 灵魂不死 chúnzhēn 纯真 immortality of the soul zōngjiào 宗教 pure religion zhăilù 窄路 the narrow road fùhuójié 复活节 Easter 29

46 新动词 : New Verbs: To Know rènshi 认识 1. 我 zhīdao : to know (a person or thing well) & 知道 : to know (a fact) rènshi 认识 zhīdao tā 他 tā I know him. (as a friend) shì shéi 2. 我 知道 他 是 谁 I know who he is. rènshi zhēnlĭ duōjiŭ le 3. 你 认识 真理 多久了? How long have you known the truth? zhīdao wángguó jùhuì suŏ zài năr ma 4. 你 知道 王国 聚会所 在 那儿吗?Do you know where the Kingdom Hall is? tā shì de hăopéngyou duìma bù bù tā 5. 他 是 你的 好 朋友 对吗? 不 我 不 他 (Fill in the blanks.) xīnjièshàocí 新介绍词 : New Presentation hăo 你好 qĭng 请 gĕi hăoxiāoxī! 给你好消息! (hand householder literature.) 你 kàn 看 yī duàn 段 一 Please look at a scripture (with me). suŏyĭ 所以 hăorén huì 会 好人哪个 So, good people will inherit which place? jīngwén 经文 (Read Psalm 37:29) chéngshòu 承受 nă gè dìfang 地方 ne 呢? dìqiú dìshàng (Listen to response. Hopefully: " 地球 "or 地上 ") 我 xiàgèxīngqī 下个星期 zài láibàifăng hăoma 再来拜访你 好吗? Is it ok for me to come back next week? hăo (If they respond: 好 你 shénme 什麽 shíhou 时候 kĕyĭ, or 可以 yŏu 有 When do you have free time? hăo nà xiàgèxīngqī jiàn 好 那下个星期 见! Good, then, see you next! xíng,or 行, then ask next question.) kòng 空? (Listen carefully to response.) 30

47 zài 在 (be at,in,on) Subject + zai + thing/place/person + position word. ZAI... SHANG 在... 上 shàng 上 nàbĕn - on, above ex: 那本 (Shang also has many other meanings) shū 书 zài 在 zhuō 桌 shàng 上 ZAI... XIA 在... 下 xià 下 nàbĕn - under, down ex: 那本 shū 书 zài 在 zhuō 桌 xià 下 ZAI... LI 在... 里 lĭ 里 nàbĕn - in, inside ex: 那本 shū 书 zài 在 bāo 包 lĭ 里 ZAI... WAI 在... 外 wài 外 nàbĕn - outside ex: 那本 shū 书 zài 在 bāo 包 wài 外 ZAI... PANG BIAN 在... 旁边 pángbiān 旁边 qiánmian 前面 hoùmian 後面 nàbĕn - side ex: 那本 ZAI... QIAN MIAN shū 书 zài 在 zázhì 杂志 在... 前面 nàbĕn - in front, ahead ex: 那本 ZAI... HOU MIAN shū 书 在... 後面 nàbĕn - at the back, behind ex: 那本 shū 书 pángbiān 旁边 zài 在 zài 在 你 你 qiánmian 前面 hoùmian 後面 31

48 hĕn shì 很 very AND 是 to be hĕn 1. 很 - (adverb) means very, quite. Used with adjectives in describing objects. 我 bàba 爸爸 hĕn 很 hĕn 很 gāo tā 高 I am very tall. 他 hĕn 很 shoù māma 瘦 Dad is very skinny. 妈妈 lăo 老 He is very old. hĕn 很 ăi 矮 Mom is very short. shì 2. 是 - (verb) to be. Used with concrete conditions or circumstances. tā 他 shì 是 men 你们 lăoshī tā 老师 He is a teacher. 她 shì 是 yēhéhuájiànzhèngrén 耶和华见证人 shì 是 xuésheng 学生 She is a student. You are Jehovah s Witnesses. 3. Create your own sentence. Use a noun (wo, ni, ta, ba.ba, etc.) and either hen OR shi. Finally add an adjective OR concrete condition (you can write this in English). Your sentence here -> *** If in doubt about whether to use hen or shi, ask yourself if the noun, the 1st word, can be equal to the last word. If so, use shi. i.e. He = a teacher. All of you = Jehovah's Witnesses. 32

49 pŭtōnghuà 普通话 dì 第 jiŭ kè 九课 shēngcí dìqiú 生词 : 地球 :The Earth lèyuán 乐园 paradise hépíng 和平 peace dòngwù 动物 animal (s) shùmù 树木 tree (s) mĕilì 美丽 beautiful (scenery) dàqúnrén 大群人 the Great Crowd gōngmín shēnfèn 公民身分 xiăohé 小河 stream/brook hé 河 dìqiú rénlèi citizenship 人类 river 地球 the earth huār 花儿 flower hăiyáng 海洋 sea/ocean néngxiū 能修 repairable mankind huāyuán 花园 garden wánmĕi 完美 perfect bùwánmĕi 不完美 imperfect guójiā 国家 country (s) zāinàn 灾难 tribulation wūrăn 污染 polluted / pollution yŏngshēng 永生 eternal life shēnghuó shēngmìng * 生活 life (living, activities, etc.) * 生命 life force inside living things qiānnián tŏngzhì hāmĭjíduōdùn 千年 统治 1,000 year reign 哈米吉多顿 Armageddon jiāngyào juézhŏng de gēngzhòng de tiándì 将要 绝种 的 endangered 耕种 的 田地 field under cultivation shēnghuó * " 生活 ": Can only refer to the activities going on in our life, not our actual life force. i.e. He has a good shenghuo. We want to shenghuo in Paradise. shēngmìng * " 生命 ": Can only refer to the force in your body keeping you alive. i.e. He lost his shengming. (Meaning: he died.) She has no shengming. (She s dead.) 33

50 1. 你 Answer: xĭhuan 喜欢 qù 去 năyīge 哪一个 Answer Question: Which One? nă 哪 + MW + Noun guójiā 国家? Which country do you like to go to? zhōngguó rìbĕn mòxīgē jiānádà făguó éguó àodàlìyà xībānyá yīngguó 中国 日本 墨西哥 加拿大 法国 俄国 澳大利亚 西班牙 英国 China Japan Mexico Canada France Russia Australia Spain England 2. 你 Answer: xĭhuan 喜欢 năzhī 哪只 dòngwù 动物? Which animal do you like? gŏu māo shīzi mă tùzi zhū luòtuo dàxiàng shé 狗 猫 狮子 马 兔子 猪 骆驼 大象 蛇 dog cat lion horse rabbit pig camel elephant snake 3. 你 xĭhuan 喜欢 năzhī 哪只 huār 花儿? Which flower do you like? Answer: méiguī huángshuĭxiān jú huā mò lì huā chú jú 玫瑰, 黄水仙, 菊花, 末莉花, 雏菊 rose, daffodil, chrysanthemum, jasmine daisy How To Think Simply In order to sucessfully speak a foreign language, we must first learn to THINK SIMPLY. If you are just starting out in learning another language, your available vocabulary is very limited, like a child s. So, learn to think within the limits of your available vocabulary. In the first year or two of learning a language, you must learn to speak like you would speak to a very young child. If you don t know a specific word, try to find a less specific one that still describes your thought. The following exercise is designed to help you to practice doing this. Translate the following sentences into Chinese Pinyin, no Chinglish allowed! The orchid is magnificent.. This planet is desecrated.. His Corvette ran out of fuel.. Her view of others is pessimistic.. Her workmate s attitude is very sour.. 34

51 Possessive (.de) 的 To say that something belongs to something else in Chinese is very simple. It goes in the same place as s in English does. Here is the formula: yēhéhuá 耶和华 de 我的 tā de 他的 de 的 shū érzi 儿子 Noun.de noun - or - pronoun.de noun de : Jehovah s Son Sara 的 书 : My book Timothy 的 qìchē tiānshĭ de 汽车 : His car 天使 的 huār 花儿 de shèngjīng 圣经 míngzi 名字 : Sara s flower : Timothy s Bible : the angel s name In cases of special relationship where possession is obvious,.de can be dropped: it is implied. Family relationships are one of these cases. 我 我 māma 妈妈 yéye 爷爷 tā : My mom 她 bàba 爸爸 : My grandfather 耶和华 : Her dad 我 yēhéhuá mèimei 妹妹 : My little sister jiànzhèngrén 见证人 : Jehovah s Witnesses BIOGRAPHICAL DATABASE (Please use a separate piece of paper to record answers in PinYin, if possible.) de háizi jĭ suì 1. 你 的 孩子 几 岁? How old are your children? Answer: 我 méiyŏu 没有 háizi 孩子 Or 我 de 的 háizi 孩子 suì # 岁 de jiārén zhù zài năr 2. 你 的 家人 住 在 那儿? Where does your family live? de Answer: 我的 3. 你 jiārén 家人 zhù 住 zài 在 de dìzhĭ shì 的 地址 是 What is your address? de dìzhĭ shì Answer: 我的地址是 shénme 什麽?.. 35

52 第 11 课 *g{xbüztç étà ÉÇ 组织 Zuzhi bótèlì 伯特利 jīliè xuéxiào 基列 fēnbù Bethel 学校 分部 Branch shèfāng 社方 shénzhìde 神治的 dàitóu 带头 yìnshuā 印刷 jiànzào 建造 guójì de 国际的 pŭshì 普世 tuánjiéde 团结的 the Society Theocratic Gilead school to take the lead to print to construct international worldwide united zhōngyāng zhănglăotuán 中央 长老团 wángguó zhíwù xùnliànbān 王国 zŭzhī 组织 wángguó 王国 shìwù 事务 职务 训练 xùnliànbān 训练 chuándào 传道 班 jiàoyùxìng 教育性 zŭzhī 组织 hăiwài 海外 gēshū 歌书 huìzhòng 会众 educational to organize/ an organization chuándàoyuán 传道员 songbook tèbiéxiānqū 特别先驱 fēnqū 分区 qūyù 区域 jiāndū 监督 jiāndū 监督 dàiwùjiāndū 带务监督 fēnbù 分部 fēnbù 分部 the Governing Body 班 yuèbào 月报 congregation special pioneer missionary Circuit Overseer District Overseer Zone Overseer wĕiyuánhuì 委员会 bànshìchù 办事处 Kingdom Ministry School Ministerial Training School Our Kingdom Ministry Branch Committee Branch office 36

53 xīn jièshàocí : Placing The Watchtower and Awake! hăo 你好 我 gĕi! 给 你 gĕi hăoxiāoxī 好消息 tīng 你听 shŏuwàngtái : 守望台 shèngjīng gĕi xiăng 想 给 圣经 给 shīpiān suŏyĭ hăo rén 诗篇 37:29. (read) 所以 好 人 (Listen to householder s response.) 我 shénme shíhòu yŏu kòng 什麽时候有空? (Listen to response.) 好 hé jĭngxĭng zázhì 和 儆醒 杂志 men de xīwàng qĭng 我们 的 希望 请 你 huì chéngshòu nă gè dìfang 会 承受 哪个 地方 xiàgèxīngqī zàilái bàifăng hăo 下个星期 再来 拜访你 好 hăo xià gè xīngqī 下个 星期 (hand them WT & g!) kàn kàn 看看 ne 呢? ma nín 吗? 您 jiàn _#_ 见! yòng 用 xiăng 想 kàn 看 tīng 听 lái 来 jiăng 讲 to use 重要动词 Important Verbs: Please Memorize Carefully Using Flashcards dŏng 懂 míngbai to think, to want 明白 to see, to look to hear or listen to come to speak, talk bāngzhù 帮助 yào 要 gĕi 给 gàosù 告诉 to understand to understand to help to want to give to tell 37

54 WATCHTOWER PUBLICATION NAMES xīnshìjiè yìbĕn 新世界 译本 New World Translation héngjiŭde píng ān hé xìngfú cè 恒久的 平安 和 幸福 册 Lasting Peace and Happiness brochure zhīshi shū 知识 书 Knowledge book yŏu 有 yī wèi guānxīn rén de zàowùzhŭ 一位 关心 人 的 造物主 Is There a Creator Who Cares About You? ma 吗? rúhé huódé xīnmănyìzú 如何 活得 心满意足 Satisfying Life brochure cè 册 rénshēng yŏu shénme mùdì cè 人生有什麽目的? 册 What is the Purpose of Life? brochure tuīlĭ shū 推理书 Reasoning book chuàngzào shū 创造 书 Creation Book yāoqiú cè 要求 册 Require brochure zuì 最 wĕidà rénwù 伟大 人物 Greatest Man book shū 书 shèngjīng gùshì shū 圣经 故事 书 Bible Stories book chóngbài shū 崇拜 书 Worship God book wĕidà dăoshī shū 伟大 导师 书 Great Teacher book qīnjìn yēhéhuá shū 亲近 耶和华书 Draw Close to Jehovah book 38

55 Biographical Database zuò le guò (verb) to do (grammar particle) Signifies completed action when placed right after the verb. (grammar particle) When placed right after the verb, means: Have you ever had this experience before? 1. Have you eaten Chinese food before? chīguò zhōngguócài ma 你吃过中国菜吗? chīguò le 吃过了 ( Yes, I have eaten it before.) Answers: 我 我 méi 没 chī 吃 2. Have you been to China before? guò 过 (No, I have not eaten it before.) qù guò zhōngguó ma 你 去 过 中国 吗? qùguò le 去过 了 (I have been there before.) Answers: 我 我 méi 没 qù 去 3. Have you done your homework? guò 过 (I have not been there before.) zuò le de zuòyè ma 你 做了 你的 作业 吗? zuò hăo le 做 好了 (I did it.) háiméi zuò hăo 我还没做好 (I haven t done it yet.) Answers: 我 39

56 zŭzhī - 组织 THE ORGANIZATION : Vocabulary & Pronunciation Practice: students all need personal copies of the Pinyin What Does God Require of Us? brochure. Play Require brochure tape while reading along in paragraph 6 of lesson 14. First: Use your finger to follow along in the brochure. Pay special attention to the vocabulary used and the pronunciation of the reader. Second: Try to read along in an undertone with the tape and keep up with the reader s pace. 40

57 men 我们 12 gēn 跟 shàngdìde 上帝的 guānxì 关系 bâü exätà ÉÇá{ Ñ j à{ ZÉw dăogào 祷告 shìfèng 事奉 jìngwèi 敬畏 zhōngchéng 忠诚 shìdàng 适当 guīxīn 归心 shùnfú 顺服 yēsū 耶稣 to pray, prayer to serve, worship awe, fear loyal appropriate, suitable to convert to (religion) to submit jīdū xiànshēn 基督 gĕi 献身给 knowledge Jesus Christ shàngdì 上帝 yŏuyì 友谊 shòujìn 受浸 fúcóng 服从 kĕnqiè 恳切 guānxi 关系 huĭgăi 悔改 yīzhì 一致 dedicate (self) to God friendship to baptise to obey earnest, sincere relationship to repent in union, harmony shàngdìde zhĭyì 上帝 quèqiède 确切的 的旨意 zhīshi 知识 chuándào 传道 zhèngyì 正义 qiānbēi 谦卑 kuānshù 宽恕 zūnjìng 尊敬 xìnxīn 信心 tĭhuì 体会 to preach righteous humble to forgive to respect faith God s will to appreciate accurate 圣经人物 BIBLE CHARACTERS Fill in the blanks yĭnuò 以诺 dàwèi 大卫 sāmŭ ĕr 撒母耳 yĭ sī tiĕ 以斯帖 shăn 闪 hán 含 yăfú 雅弗 lùdé 路得 yuēshūyà 约书亚 nínglù 宁录 yĭlìyà 以利亚 lāhé 喇合 41

58 How To Talk About What You Will Do in the Future Auxiliary verb : 会 Formula: Subject + hui + verb + object. huì 1. I will go to China. 我 会 dào 到 zhōngguó qù 中国 去 míngtiān 2. Tommy will go to England tomorrow. Tommy 明天 3. I will come to America soon. 我 4. She will start studying Mandarin. 她 5. I will study the Bible next week. 我 bùjiŭ dào * 不久 : soon * 到 : (see next page) tā bùjiŭ 不久 huì 会 xiàgèxīngqī 下个星期 huì 会 kāishĭ 开始 huì 会 huì 会 dào 到 xuéxí 学习 yánjiū 研究 dào yīngguó 到 英国 mĕiguó lái 美国 普通话 来 pŭtōnghuà shèngjīng 圣经 suŏyĭ " 所以 Therefore, we qiú 求 shàngdì 上帝 men 我们 shĭ 使 BIBLE READING PRACTICE cóng 从 Colossians 1:9 tīngjiànde nàtiān qĭ jiù búzhù de wèi 为 men 你们 dăogào 祷告 听见的那天起 就不住地 from heard that day beginning, then unceasingly for you pray, men 你们 duì 对 tā 他 de 的 zhĭyì chōngmăn 充满 quèqiède 确切的 zhīshi 知识 chōngmăn 旨意 充满 ask God make you to His will be filled with accurate knowledge, be filled w/ zhìhuì 智慧 hé 和 shŭlíngde 属灵的 wùxìng 悟性 " wisdom and spiritual comprehension. (*To be used along with the reading of Colossians provided by the Society on tape.) 42

59 HOW TO SAY: Arrive at or go to : Dao 到 To Arrive at (a place) S + dao +.le. (arrived) or S + time + dao. (arrives) dào le 1. 我 到了! I have arrived! yéye dào le ma 2. 你 爷爷 到了 吗? Has your grandfather arrived yet? huŏchē sāndiănzhōng dào 3. 火车 三点 钟 到 The train arrives at 3 o clock. gōnggòngqìchē qī diănbàn dào 4. 公共汽车七点半到 The bus arrives at 7:30. dàoguò 5. 你 到过 bàba 6. 我 爸爸 yēsū dào 7. 耶稣 到 qĭng dào 8. 请 到 mătàifúyīn 9. 马太福音 To go to (a place) or To (a place) S + dao + place (+ qu). or S + daoguo + place. or S + dao + place + lai. In sentences # 6, 7, 8, and 9, Dao functions like the English word to. zhōngguó 中国 mòxīgē ma 吗? Have you ever been to China before? dào qù 到墨西哥去 My dad went to Mexico. tiānshàng qù le ma 天上 去了 吗? Did Jesus go to heaven? jiā lái 我 家 来! Please come to my home! dì liù zhāng dì sānshí yī dào sānshísān jié 第 六 章 第 三十一 到 三十三 节. Matthew 6: NOTE: When using dao, it is not necessary to use zai (at, in, or on) because dao already includes the idea of at. 43

60 44 毋 wú 望 wàng 前 qián 车 chē 之 zhī 鉴 jiàn ;YÜÉÅ WÜtÅt àtñx tät ÄtuÄx Ç `tçwtü Ç< Bila: 你 认为 rènwéi 那 nèi 些 xiē 女 nǚ 人 rén 怎么样 zĕnmeyàng? Yamin: 什么 shénme 女人 nǚrén? Bila: 当然 dāngrán 是 shì 指 zhĭ 摩押 móyā 女子 nǚzĭ 啦 lā! 你 一定 yīdìng 听过 tīngguò 了 le Yamin: 听说 tīngshuō 最近 zuìjìn 几个 jĭge 晚上 wănshang 有 yoŭ 外 wài 族 zú 女子 nǚzĭ 到 dào 我们 men 的 de 营 yíng 地 dì 来 lái 可是 kĕshì 我 还 hái 没有 méiyoŭ 见 jiàn 过 guò 她 tā 们 men Saodi: 我们 men 也 yĕ 没有 méiyoŭ 见 jiàn 过 guò

61 普通话 * 第 13 课 * 祷告 Daogao Prayer qiú xīn āmen 求 to request, to beg 心 heart/mind 阿们 amen qíqiú gănxiè shíwù 祈求 to pray for 感谢 heartfelt thanks 食物 food (general) zhùfú shēngmìng ài 祝福 to bless, blessing 生命 life (force) 爱 to love shènglíng shìqing yuàn 圣灵 holy spirit 事情 matters; things 愿 wish, may fàn guòcuò zuì 犯 to commit (sin) 过错 transgression (s) 罪 crime; sin chuítīng zhàogù kuānshù 垂听 to listen (by God) 照顾 take care of 宽恕 to forgive kāngkăi zànmĕi róngyào 慷慨 generosity, generous 赞美 to praise 荣耀 to glorify fèng yēsū de míng men zài tiānshàngde fùqin 奉 耶稣 的名 In Jesus name 我们 在 天上的 父亲 Our heavenly Father shòu 瘦 thin máng 忙 busy gāoxìng 高兴 happy 形容词 Practice With Adjectives Using hen 很 pàng 胖 fat lăn 懒 lazy nánguò 难过 sad hăokàn nánkàn 好看 nice-looking 难看 我 你 hĕn 很 hĕn 很 máng 忙 shòu Formula: S + hen + adj. ugly rè 热 hot (weather) piàoliang 漂亮 pretty cōngmíng 聪明 smart huài 坏 bad, wicked lĕng 冷 cold (weather) shuài 帅 handsome bèn 笨 stupid shànliáng 善良 good, nice hĕn cōngmíng I am very busy. Sally 很聪明 Sally is very smart. tāmen hĕn bèn 瘦 You are very thin. 他们很笨! They are very stupid! When describing something, an English speaking person often uses the words is, are, or be. ( He is very smart. ) But, in Chinese, the state to be is implied in all adjectives. That s why sometimes dictionaries call them stative verbs. For example, the word mang doesn t just mean busy. It means to be busy or is busy. So, Chinese speaking people don t commonly use the verb shi with adjectives for this reason. It is not necessary, since the verb to be is hĕn hăo shì hăo already built into Chinese adjectives. That s why we say 我很好 and not 我是好. 45

62 xiàng duì wèi 向 / 对 / 为 Formula: S + xiang /dui / wei + noun + V-O xiàng 向 : to, towards (physical direction) men 我们 xiàng 向 lín yēhéhuá 耶和华 xiānsheng dăogào 祷告 chuándào We pray to Jehovah. xiàng 我 向 林 先生 传道 I preach to Mr. Lin. xiàng qián zŏu 向 前 走 Walk forwards. (literally: towards forward walk. ) qĭng xiàng jiĕshì 请 向 我 解释 Please explain (it) to me. wèi 为 : because of, for rén 人 zhănglăo yīnggāi 应该 wèi 为 tā 他 huìzhòng dăogào 祷告 fúwù People should pray for him. wèi 长老 为 会众 服务 Elders work for the congregation. yēsū wèi men xīshēng shēngmìng 耶稣 为 我们 牺牲 生命 Jesus sacrificed (his) life for us. liúdìxiong wèi men dăogào 刘弟兄 为 我们 祷告 Brother Liu prays for us. duì 对 : to, towards, of, at men 我们 duì 我对 zhèshì 这是 duì 对 tāmen yēhéhuá 耶和华 xiào dăogào 祷告 We pray to Jehovah. 他们 笑 I smile at them. duì shuōde Sandra 对 我 说的 Sandra said this to me. dăogào tā shuō tā NOTE: It is NEVER correct to say 祷告他 for pray to him, or 说他, for speak to him. These are very common errors for English-speaking students of Mandarin to make. xiàng duì tā dăogào duì tā shuōhuà It is correct to say: 向 or 对他祷告 for pray to him or 对他说话 for speak to him. The big difference is in English we say I talk to him ; in Chinese we say I to him talk, or I gēn tā shuōhuà with him talk. ( 我跟他说话.) 46

63 yòu 又 zài and 再 : AGAIN Formulas: S zai verb (object) or S you verb (object) zàijiàn We all know how to say zai jian for goodbye. 再见 really means: See you again. Zai 再 means again (in the future). Someone may say to us: Huanying ni zailai! which means You are welcome to come again (in the future)! Or Ni bu xuyao zailai, which means You don t need to come again (in the future). The word zai has everything to do with the future and nothing to do with the past. yòu The word 又 on the other hand has to do with the past and the present. It means again (you ve done it before, now you are doing it AGAIN). Someone may say, Ni you laile!! meaning, You have come again! (You were already there several times in the past, and now you re back.) It can have a negative connotation depending on how it is said. Kind of like, I can t believe this person keeps bugging me by coming back over and over again! This word is not always negative, though. Ta you da dianhua gei wo! could mean that you are thrilled that the person has already called you several times and is now calling again. yòu 又 has some other usages, too. It can also mean and, or also,. But, we wont cover that aspect of you today. 47

64 shēntĭ 身体 tóu pŭtōnghuà 普通话 yīfu dì * 第 shēntĭbùfen gēn 身体部分 衣服 跟 kè 14 课 shēnghuó 生活 yòngpĭn Body Parts, Clothing, and Some Common Objects zìjĭ - body 自己 shŏu 头 - head 手 jiăo 脚 yănjīng 眼睛 kŏu 口 tuĭ shŏuzhĭ - foot 手指 bízi 用 yáo - self 摇 - hand 转 - finger 门 zhuàn mén shāfā 品 - to shake - to turn - door, gate - eye 鼻子 - nose 沙发 - sofa ĕrduo diànnăo - mouth 耳朵 - ear 电脑 liăn diànhuà 腿 - leg 脸 - face 电话 yīfu kùzi 衣服 - clothes 裤子 - pants 笔 - pen chènyī 衬衣 liányī qún 连一裙 jiākè qúnzi bĭ diànshìjī - computer - telephone - shirt 裙子 - skirt 电视机 - TV set xiézi shōuyīnjī - dress 鞋子 - shoes 收音机 - radio yĭzi fángzi 夹克 - jacket 椅子 - chair 房子 - house zuì 最 gèng and 更 : Most and More (Adjective +.de +) Subject + geng/zui + adjective. Subject + geng/zui + aux. verb + verb-object. When we are describing something, we often use comparisons. We may want to say, "Cold weather is good, warm weather is better, hot weather is the best." In Mandarin, we use "geng" and "zui" to express these ideas. For example: lĕng de tiānqì hăo nuăn de tiānqì gèng hăo rè de tiānqì zuì hăo " 冷的天气好 暖的天气更好 热的天气最好." Cold weather is good, warm weather is better, hot weather is the best. Or, qiūtiān shūfu chūntiān gèng shūfu xiàtiān zuì shūfu " 秋天舒服 春天更舒服 夏天最舒服 " : "Autumn is comfortable, spring is more comfortable, and summer is the most comfortable." "Zui" and "geng" can also modify auxilliary verbs. For example: " 我 xĭhuan 喜欢 xiàyŭ 下雨 我 gèng 更 xĭhuan 喜欢 xiàxuĕ 下雪 我 I like rain. I like snow better. I like a sunny day the best." zuì 最 xĭhuan 喜欢 qíngtiān 晴天 " 48

65 BIODATABASE - " 乐园 " ctütw áx zài 1. 在 zài 2. 在 zài 3. 在 lèyuán lĭ huì zuò xiē 乐园里 你会做些 What will you do in paradise? lèyuán lĭ huì gēn shéi 乐园里 你会跟谁 Whom will you see in paradise? shénme 什麽 shì 事? jiànmiàn 见面? lèyuán lĭ huì qù nă xiē dìfang 乐园里 你会去哪些地方 What places will you go in paradise? ne 呢? huì huì 会 as we have learned before can mean to know how to do something. 我会 tiàowŭ huì 跳舞! means "I know how to dance". But 会 yào (and also 要 ) have another huì qù zhōngguó meaning, that being "will". 我会去中国, means "I will go to China". yùpíng mălìyà 玉平 : 马利亚 mălìyà 马利亚 玉平 : 马利亚 : 玉平 : 马利亚 : 玉平 : bùhuì : 不会 zài 在 yīgè 一个 suŏyŏu 所有 shèngjīng 圣经 dìshàng 地上 wèishénme 为什麽 yīnwéi dìqiú 因为地球 shèngjīng yánjiū 圣经研究 : A Bible Study ne 呢? dōu huì zài nàli 都会在那里 duì 对 bùduì 不对? duì 对 suŏyĭ 所以 wángguó 王国 yīgè 一个 de 的 de 的 hăorén 好人 shuō yŏude 说有的 dōu huì 都会 zhēnde shì rénlèi de 真的是人类的 zuò 作 wáng 王 dàqúnrén huì 大群人会 gōngmín 公民 shàng 上 hăo rén huì 好人会 nàme 那麽 zhù zài 住在 jiā 家 tiāntáng 天堂 shàng 上 érqiĕ 而且 rènhé 任何 ma 吗? tiān yŏude 天 有的 shàngtiāntáng 上天堂 wáng 王 dìshàng tāmen 地上 他们 hăo míngbai xièxie mălìyà 好 我明白! 谢谢你 马利亚! dōu 都 要 tŏngzhì 统治 作 hăo rén huì 好人会 de 的 rén 人 gōngmín 公民 yào zuò shàngdì de 上帝 VOCAB: 天堂 tian tang - heaven (worldly), 有的 you.de some, 公民 gong min citizen 的 zhù 住 49

66 càidān 菜单 Sample Menu 你 yào 要 hē 喝 shénme 什么 dōngxi 东西? - What would you like to drink? qìshuĭ 汽水 (SODA) - yĭnliào 饮料 - kĕ lè 可乐 (Coke) DRINKS xuĕbì 雪碧 (Sprite) bīngchá 冰茶 (Iced tea) OTHER DRINKS - rèchá 热茶 (Tea) kāfēi 咖啡 (Coffee) bīngshuĭ 冰水 (Iced water) 我 yào 要... - I would like... càiyáo 菜肴 DISHES chāshāochăomiàn 叉烧炒面 PORK CHOW MEIN jièlán jī CHICKEN W/ 芥兰鸡 BROCCOLI zuŏzōng jī GENERAL TSO S 左 宗 鸡 CHICKEN húnánniú 湖南牛 HUNAN BEEF shícàixiā 什菜虾 xiālónghú 虾龙糊 SHRIMP W/ CHINESE VEGETABLES SHRIMP W/ LOBSTER SAUCE yúxiāngroù sī SHREDDED PORK W/ 鱼香肉丝 GARLIC SAUCE wúgŭpái 无骨排 zhīma jī 芝麻鸡 gōngbăo jī 宫保鸡 yúxiāng jī 鱼香绩 BONELESS SPARE RIBS SESAME CHICKEN KUNG PAO CHICKEN CHICKEN W/ GARLIC SAUCE hăochī 好吃!!! - DELICIOUS!!! chūnjuăn 春卷 húntúntāng 馄饨汤 xiăochī 小吃 - EGG ROLL WONTON SOUP jī lāomiàn 鸡捞面 CHICKEN LO MEIN tiánsuān jī SWEET & SOUR 甜 酸 鸡 CHICKEN qīngjiāoniú PEPPER STEAK W/ 清 椒牛 ONIONS jièlánxiā SHRIMP W/ 芥兰虾 BROCCOLI shícàichāshāo ROAST PORK W/ 什菜叉烧 MIXED VEGETABLES yāoguŏ jī 腰果鸡 sìchuānniú 四川牛 mógū jī piàn 蘑菰鸡片 shāopáigŭ 烧排骨 zhŭsùshíjĭn 煮素什锦 SNACKS jièlánniú 芥兰牛 măidān 买单 - chāshāo chăofàn ( 叉烧 ) 炒饭 suānlàtāng 酸辣汤 CASHEW CHICKEN SZECHUAN BEEF MOO GOO GAI PAN B.B.Q. SPARE RIBS STEAMED MIXED VEGETABLES BEEF W/ BROCCOLI CHECK, PLEASE. (PORK) FRIED RICE HOT & SOUR SOUP 50

67 suŏyŏude dōu 所有的 and 都 : HOW TO SAY ALL suŏyŏu 所有 de dōu dōu 的 + noun + 都 + VO. OR Subject + 都 + (bu) (aux. verb) + VO. suŏyŏude 所有的 means all. It must be used in front of a noun. An example of this in English is suŏyŏude all dogs bark. When 所有的 suŏyŏude before the verb in the same sentence. 所有的 dōu is used at the beginning of a sentence, 都 should also be inserted dōu dogs 都 bark, means all dogs bark. Using suŏyŏude 所有的 puts emphasis on the noun that it precedes. If the emphasis is merely on the verb of the suŏyŏude sentence, then 所有的 dōu can be dropped from the sentence and 都 can be used alone in front of the verb. The difference is the same as if we said, All people should worship Jehovah, or People should all worship Jehovah. The emphasis is a little bit different, but not much. dōu 都 and suŏyŏude 所有的 dōu suŏyŏude both mean all, but 都 has more uses than 所有的 dōu. 都 can also mean both, referring to two of something. It can also mean all don t or neither when used before a verb in the negative. For example: nà 1. 那 liănggè 两个 suŏyŏude 2. 所有的 lĭ dìxiōng 3. 李弟兄 suŏyŏude 4. 所有的 dìxiōng 弟兄 jiĕmèi 姐妹 gēn 跟 dōu 都 wáng 王 dìxiōng 弟兄 dōu 都 dōu 都 xué 学 xué 学 dìxiōng 弟兄 pŭtōnghuà 普通话 Those two brothers both learn Mandarin. pŭtōnghuà 普通话 All sisters study Mandarin. dōu 都 bùxĭhuan 不喜欢 bùxĭhuan 不喜欢 gŏu 狗 Neither Br. Li nor Br. Wang like dogs. gŏu 狗 All brothers dislike dogs. *(Of course, the above examples are not necessarily true statements.) 51

68 15 更多实用的生词 More Practical Vocabulary chāojíshìchăng 超级市场 cānguăn 餐馆 xiānsheng 先生 xiăojie 小姐 kuàizi restaurant supermarket Mister, Sir Miss, waitress 筷子 chopsticks bēi 杯 wăn 碗 chá 茶 shuĭ 水 kāfēi 咖啡 qìshuĭ 汽水 cup; MW bowl ; MW tea water coffee soda/pop yīyuàn 医院 shēngbìng 生病 gănmào 感冒 yào 药 tóufa 头发 chuān 穿 dàyī 大衣 yănjìng 眼镜 dōngxi 东西 hē chī 吃 hospital cold medicine hair (to get) sick to wear (clothes) coat eyeglasses thing(s) to eat 喝 to drink shàng 上 dàxué 大学 xuéxiào 学校 lăobăn 老板 gōngsī 公司 tuō 脱 diànyĭng 电影 dài 戴 dàjiā 大家 cài to attend university school boss, manager company to take off (clothes, shoes) movie to wear (glasses, hat, gloves, etc) everyone (present) 菜 dish/ vegetables tāng 汤 soup qù kànyīshēng 去看医生 qù măidōngxi to go see a doctor 去买东西 to go shopping qù kàndiànyĭng 去看电影 huàngănmào 患 中国 感冒 zhōngguócānguăn tuōxié 餐馆 to go watch a movie to catch a cold 脱鞋 to take off shoes 你 你 你 yào 要 yào 要 chī 吃 hē 喝 yào 要我 yī diăn ér 一点儿 chinese restaurant dōngxi 东西 yī diăn ér dōngxi 一点儿东西 tuōxié 脱鞋 ma 吗 Some Useful Phrases. hēdōngxi 喝东西 drink something qùchīfàn 去吃饭 to go out to eat yī bēishuĭ 一杯水 yī wănfàn a cup of water 一碗饭 a bowl of rice chuān yīfu 穿 tuō yīfu 衣服 to put on clothes 脱衣服 to take off clothes Some Common Questions.? Do you want something to eat? ma 吗? Do you want something to drink? ma 吗? Do you want me to take off my shoes? 上 chīyào 吃药 to take medicine kuàidiăn ér 快点儿 hurry up qĭngshāodĕng 请 梢 kàndiànshì 看电视 dàiyănjìng 戴眼镜 shàngdàxué 等 Please wait to watch TV to wear glasses 大学 to attend university 52

69 I m sorry! duìbùqì bàoqiàn 对不起! or 抱歉! Responses: (meaning basically It was nothing, Don t worry about it, etc) méishì méiwèntí méiguānxi bùyàojĭn 没事 没问题 没关系 不要紧 Thank you! xièxie duōxiè 谢谢! 多谢! Responses: (meaning basically You re welcome or You don t need to thank me ) búkèqì 不客气 bùxiè 不谢 bùyòngxiè méishì bié kèqì 不用谢 没事 别客气 How are you? zĕnmeyàng 你怎麽样? Responses: Very good, pretty good, not bad, alright, so-so hĕnhăo tĭnghăo bùcuò hái kĕyĭ 很好! 挺好 不错 还可以 kĕyĭ 可以 háixíngba 还行吧 HOMEWORK: Translate the sentences provided on the next page into English. Practice your presentations, and make flashcards of new vocab-ulary. Memorize new vocabulary. 53

70 qĭng 1. 请 dào 到 de nǚ ér 3. 你的女儿 yào 5. 你要 nà lăo 7. 那老 hē 喝 huì qù 9. 我会去 Homework: Translate the following sentences into English. (The grammar points that we are practicing are highlighted in green.) chāojíshìchăng qù 超级市场去 shàng 上 shénme 什麽 xiānsheng 先生 kàn 看 xuéxiào 学校 măi 买 dōngxi huìbùhuì qù 东西 2. 你会不会去 ma men 吗? 4. 我们 xiàng 向 dōngxi dào zhèlĭ 东西? 6. 到我这里 hĕn 很 pàng dàole 胖 8. Steven 到了 yīshēng tāmen 医生 10. 他们 méiyŏu 没有 kàndiànyĭng 看 shàngdì 上帝 lái 来 电影? dăogào 祷告 zhōngguó 中国! dào jiā 到我家 lái 来 When using dao to mean to go to or to arrive at, also using zai (meaning at or in ) is not needed. This is because dao already includes the idea of at or in. Also, when using dao to mean to go to or to arrive at, it can only be used in the sense of going to or arriving at a real PLACE. We can t say, for example, Jesus dao to pray to Jehovah. To pray is not a place. To correct that error, we could say, Jesus dao wilderness qu pray to Jehovah. The wilderness is a real location, so dao can be used in this sentence with no problem. New Presentation: Xwâvtà ÉÇ (From Get to the point KM insert) Today Chinese people very value education. Parents hope children jīntiān zhōngguórén hĕn zhòngshì jiàoyù fùmŭ xīwàng érnǚ 今天中国人很重视教育 父母希望儿女 enter famous schools, young people also hope test {into} university. jìnrù míngxiào niánqīngrén yĕ xīwàng kăoshàng dàxué 进入名校, 年轻人也希望考上大学 You think which type education benefits most lasting? rènwéi nă yī zhŏng jiàoyù yìchu zuì chángjiŭ ne 你 认为 哪 一 种 教育 益处 最 长久 呢? Read 2 Tim. 3:16,17 54

71 Annie: Wally: tīng Annie: hăo Wally: Annie: fúwùyuán yào chī Story : Going to a Chinese Restaurant yīdiănr yào qù nă gè lăobăn nàme men : yīnggāi yào yào zhèr Wally: fúwùyuán Wallly: fúwùyuán : Wally: yŏu chá hăode hăo : jīntiān dōngxi cānguăn shuō men chuān men ne? yáng yáng yáng qù zài cānguăn lĭ hē yŏu shuĭ de yáng yáng yáng dàyī wàimian yīdiănr shénme kāfēi men hē qĭng shāodĕng gănmào yàoshì guò yī Annie: fúwùyuán chá : lái le xiăojie Wally: fúwùyuán Annie: fúwùyuán hăode : yào yŏu a : le huì ér yào diăn xiăojie Wally:, fúwùyuán hăode : yī gĕi néng diăn ne? wăn kuài qĭng dōngxi hăohē qù cài ba hĕn ma?? qìshuĭ liăngbēi lǜ dàjiā chá chīfàn bùcuò!! lĕng ba! dōu xĭhuan ba! (Waitress leaves) hái yī bìng wăn dehuà dĕi qù, tāng mĭfàn qĭng diăn er shāodĕng ma? wèn, men kàn yŏu kuàizi yìhuĭr lǜchá yīshēng ma? hái yào qù măi dōngxi 55

72 dōngfāng 东方 de 的 16 zōngjiào 宗教 XtáàxÜÇ exä z ÉÇ dōngfāng 东方 xīfāng 西方 fójiào 佛教 The East The West shéndàojiào 神道教 dàojiào 道教 Buddhism Taoism rújiāxuéshuō 儒家学说 yīsīlánjiào 伊斯兰教 yìndùjiào Shintoism Confucianism Islam 印度教 Hinduism wúshénlùn 无神论 tiānzhŭjiào 天主教 jīdūxīnjiào 基督新教 atheism Catholic Protestant jìnhuà 进化 chuàngzào 创造 xiāngxìn 相信 biăomíng 表明 jiăshén 假 神 chuántŏng 传统 míxìn 迷信 zhéxué 哲学 yŭzhòude 宇宙 to evolve to create to believe show false god tradition superstition philosophy 的 zhìgāozhŭzăi 至高 zŭxiān 祖先 主宰 Universal ancestor Sovereign xìnyăng 信仰 cúnzài 存在 hélĭ 合理 chéngkĕn 诚恳 liángshàn 良善 mòshēng 陌生 zhèngjù 证据 wú belief to exist reasonable sincere good strange proof 无 - no, not, un- zhĕ 者 lùn - 论 tú - 徒 -er theory disciple of 1. Adding zhe to the end of a verb makes that verb into a noun. For example: chongbai (to worship) becomes chongbaizhe (worshipper). Chuangzao (to create) becomes chuangzaozhe (Creator). Or, zhe can make a belief or profession into a person engaged in the profession or a believer of the doctrine. For example, wushenlun (atheism) becomes wushenlunzhe (atheist). 2. Adding tu to the end of a religion means a disciple or believer of that religion. Jidutu means a believer of Christ. Fojiaotu means a believer in Buddhism. Tianzhujiaotu means a Catholic person. Jiduxinjiaotu means a Protestant person. Etc 3. Adding lun to the end of jinhua (to evolve) makes a noun: jinhualun : the theory of evolution. Wushen literally means no god, so wushenlun means the theory of no god, or Atheism. 56

73 chuān 穿 hēchá 喝茶 chīfàn 吃饭 kànshū 看书 kuài 快 màn 慢 Morning Activities Verb - Object Complexes (to be used with TPR method) yīfu 衣服 kuài 快 màn 慢 : put on clothes : drink tea : eat food : read book de 地 de 地 : quickly : slowly * These activities are examples of fixed phrases in Chinese. They are also called Verb-Object complexes. In English we can say, I am going to eat. In Chinese, though, a verb is rarely left hanging without an object. So, a Chinese person would say, I am going to eat food. Eat-food (chifan) is a very common VO Complex in Chinese. It is not specific. So, if you want to give eat something specific, like a hamburger (hanbaobao), then you should replace fan with hanbaobao. ( Wo yao chi hanbaobao, instead of Wo yao chifan. ) Time and Chinese grammar Time + S + VO. S + time + VO. jīntiān 今天 míngtiān, 明天 zuótiān, 昨天 shídiăn, 十点 chūntiān, 春天 tiāntiān, 天天 All of these words are time marker words. English and Chinese are opposite in where they put time words in a sentence. English often puts them at the end of a sentence: I am going to China tomorrow. Chinese puts the time in the beginning: I tomorrow am going to China. Or Tomorrow I am going to China. Always remember, when writing Chinese sentences or speaking Chinese, the time words go before the main verb. It doesn t matter if the time word goes before or after the Subject, as long as it is before the verb. 57

74 Biographical Database (pretend that you are a Chinese college student) #1 你 de 的 zhuānyè 专业 shì 是 shénme 什麽? What is your profession? Answer #1: de 我的 zhuānyè 专业 shì 是. My profession is. diànnăo lăoshī gōngchéngshī kuàijì wùlĭxué huàxué shùxué yīshēng 电脑 老师 工程师 会计 物理学 化学 数学 医生 computers teacher engineer accounting physics chemistry math doctor #2 你 yĭjīng 已经 zài 在 mĕiguó 美国 duōjiŭ 多久 le 了? How long have you been in America? Answer #2: shì cóng 从 tiān # 天 gè, # 个 yuè 月 nián, # 年 # days, # of months, # years năli lái de shénmechéngshìne #3 你是哪里来的?(If they say a country name, ask:) #4 什麽城市呢? Where are you from? (If from China, Taiwan, or Malaysia, ask:) And what city? dàlù Answer #3 : 大陆 zhōngguó 中国 táiwān 台湾 xiānggăng 香港 xīnjiāpō 新加坡 măláixīyà 马来西亚 (Places) Mainland China Taiwan HongKong Singapore Malaysia bĕijīng Answer #4 : 北京 Peking (Cities) Kuala Lumpur shànghăi 上海 xī ān 西安 táizhōng 台 中 guăngzhōu 广州 shēnzhèn 深圳 fú zhōu 福 州 chéngdū 成都 táibĕi 台北 nánjīng 南京 Nanking chóngqìng 重庆 58

75 yĕ háiyŏu / / gēn M [Éã àé átç ÂtÇwÊ yĕ 也 Adverb; used before verbs only. For example: yeyou: also have, yeshi: also is, yemeiyou: also doesn t have, yeyao: also wants, etc. Cannot be used before nouns. It is rarely used to begin sentences. For example: He goes, too. : also Noun + ye + V-O. or- Noun + ye + aux. vb. + V-O. Do not say: Ye ta qu. instead, say: Ta ye qu. háiyŏu 还有 : also Haiyou + sentence. or- Haiyou + phrase. Haiyou can be used to start sentences as a connective, like Furthermore or Also. Haiyou is also used in questions: Haiyou.ma? Anything else? Haiyou shei? Who else? Haiyou.ne? Anything else? Haiyou ta? And him, too? gēn 跟 : and, with A gen B or- A, B, gen C Used to join nouns. For example, Jack gen Jill (or) carrots, peas, gen potatoes. Cannot be used to begin sentences. Often where we would use and in English, a Chinese person would just start a new sentence. (NOTE: In the WT, often one complex English question is broken up into two simpler Chinese questions for this reason.) yēhéhuá gēn yēsū dōu ài rénlèi * 耶和华 跟 耶稣 都 爱 人类 Jehovah and Jesus both love mankind. * 我 māma 妈妈 gēn de zhàngfu 丈夫 dōu 都 yào 要 我 跟我的 I, my mother, and my husband all want to go running men 3. păobù 跑步 Sentences for translation (Homework): xìn fó tā shì jìnhuàlùnzhĕ. 4. búxìn jiào māma shì tiānzhŭjiào tú 5. shì wúshénlùnzhĕ shèngjīng hĕn hélĭ

76 17 tiānqì gēn qīnqī tiānqì 天气 the weather xiàyŭ 下雨 to rain xiàxuĕ 下雪 to snow fēng 风 wind qíngtiān 晴天 sunny day yīntiān 阴天 cloudy day wánr 玩儿 to play chūntiān 春天 spring xiàtiān 夏天 summer qiūtiān 秋天 autumn dōngtiān 冬天 winter shūfu 舒服 comfortable nuăn 暖 warm lĕng 冷 cold rè 热 hot jiĕjie 姐姐 older sister gēge 哥哥 older brother mèimei 妹妹 younger sister dìdi 弟弟 younger brother zhàngfu 丈夫 husband qīzi 妻子 wife qīnqī 亲戚 relatives duō 多 many shăo 少 few ná 拿 to pick up chàbuduō 差不多 almost kāi 开 to open ; to operate dàbùfen 大部份 majority (of a group) rén rén 人人 everyone (all over planet) xiānsheng 先生 Mr., Sir tàitai 太太 Mrs.* xiăojie 小姐 Miss, Maam* bié 别 don t * Many married Chinese women prefer to be called Miss + maiden name, instead of Mrs. + married name. Homework: Translate the following sentences into English. tā de qīzi zhèngzài chīfàn rén rén dōu xĭhuan xiàtiān 1. 他的 妻子 正在 吃饭 6. 人人 都 喜欢 夏天 tā de zhàngfu yĕ xiăng qù kàndiànyĭng bù xĭhuan rè detiānqì 2. 她的 丈夫 也 想 去 看 电影 7. 我 不 喜欢 热的天气 mende mèimei yĕ bù xĭhuan dōngtiān jīntiān xiàxuĕ 3. 我们的 妹妹 也 不 喜欢 冬天 8. 今天 下雪 jīntiān yĕ hĕn lĕng qĭng ná yī bĕn zázhì lái gĕi 4. 今天 也 很 冷! 9. 请 拿 一本 杂志 来 给 我 dàbùfen de rén dōu xĭhuan chūntiān de dìdi xĭhuan qiūtiān 5. 大部份 的 人 都 喜欢 春天 10. 我的 弟弟 喜欢 秋天 61

77 zhèngzài 正在 : in the process of doing something Formula: Subject + zhengzai + action verb-object. The word zhengzai in Chinese is one way of saying that an action is still in progress. The equivalent in English is ing. For example: tā zhèngzài chīfàn tā zhèngzài chuándào He is eating, = 他正在吃饭 She is preaching, = 她正在传道 In these cases, -ing at the end of the verb means that the action is taking place right now. Zhengzai has exactly the same connotation. The only difference is that zhengzai goes before the verb, unlike ing which goes after the verb in English. The zheng can also be dropped and the sentence keeps the same tā zài chīfàn meaning. For example: " 他在吃饭 "means, He is eating. It is very common to drop the zheng and just say zai. Sometimes, people even drop tā zhèng chīfàn the zai and just say zheng. For example: " 他正吃饭 "= He is eating. It all means the same thing: the action is happening now and is not finished yet. zhe 著 : In the process of doing something Formula: Subject + action verb +.zhe + Object. The word.zhe goes in the same place as -ing does in English: right after the action verb. It means just about the same thing as zhengzai does: an action is in the process of happening now. For example: tā kànzhe men She is looking at you. = 她看著你 Or, We are waiting for him. = 我们 dĕngzhe tā 等著他 The two (zhengzai and.zhe) can even be combined: She is tā zài kànzhe looking at you. = 她在看著你 Both zhengzai and zhe are the equivalents of the English words is verb-ing, so when translating the English into Chinese, there is no need to use shi 是 (to be). NOTE: Zhengzai is used with more than one syllable VO complexes (chifan, kanshu, xie.zi, etc.) -Zhe is used with one syllable verbs (kan, deng, etc.) 62

78 1 John 2:17: zhègè shìjiè hé shìjiè de yùwàng zhèngzài xiāoshī " 这个世界和世界的欲望正在消失 This world and world s desire are fading away, zūnxíng shàngdì zhĭyì de rén què yŏngyuăn chángcún 遵行上帝旨意的人却永远长存 " do God s will person certainly forever remain. Daniel 5:5: jiù zài zhè shíhou yŏu rénde shŏu chūxiàn duìzhe dēngtái " 就在这时候 有人的手出现 对著灯台 Then at this time, (have) person s hand appear, facing lampstand, zài wánggōngde fĕnqiáng shàng yòng zhĭtóu xiĕ zì 在王宫的粉墙上用指头写字 on palace s plaster wall * use finger write letters wáng zài nà zhī shŏu bèihòu kànzhe shŏu zài xiĕ zì 王在那只手背後 看著手在写字 " King at that * hand behind, watching hand writing letters. (*These two scriptures to be read along with the Society s audiocassettes.) How to Make a Suggestion:.ba 吧 Subject + VO +.ba. What if you want to politely suggest to someone, Let s go, or Let s eat,. How would you say that in Mandarin? It s easy! Just put.ba at the end of the sentence. men " 我们 men chīfàn 吃饭 zŏu ba ba 吧!"= Let s eat! How to Answer: hăo kĕyĭ xíng chéng " 我们 走 吧!"= Let s leave! Yes : 好, 可以, 行, or 成 zánmen shàngxué ba bù kĕyĭ bùxíng bùchéng " 咱们 上学 吧 "= Let s go to school. No : 不可以, 不行, or 不成 zánmen shàngbān ba suíbiàn " 咱们 上班 吧 "= Let s go to work. It s up to you. : 随便你 Note: In the north, people sometimes say zanmen instead of women. It means pretty much the same thing, except it only means we as a number limited to the people present. Women could mean we = the entire human race or just you and someone else. 63

79 How To Overcome The Objection: xìn fó shìma men fājué chàbuduō rén rén dōu shuō xīwàng shìjiè hépíng 是吗? 我们发觉差不多人人都说希望世界和平 Really? We find that just about everyone all says hope for world peace. dàbùfen shìjiè lĭngxiù yĕ zhèyàng shuō jì rán shì zhèyàng wèishénme hépíng 大部份世界领袖也这样说 既然是这样 为什麽和平 Most world leaders also this way speak. Since is this way, why peace zhème nán huòdé ne qĭng nín dú qĭshìlù hăo ma 这麽难获得呢?" " 请您读启示录 12:7-12, 好吗?" this hard to obtain? Please you read Revelation 12:7-12, ok? *To explain the scripture, perhaps you could leave Who Rules the World? tract. New Vocabulary: fājué zhèyàng huòdé : to find, discover : this way : to obtain xīwàng shìjiè jì rán : to hope for : world : since hépíng : peace zhème : so lĭngxiù : leader (s) kāichē 开车 zŏu lù : drive a car 走路 : walk (on road) xiĕ zì More VO Complexes! Field Service (Waiqinfuwu) 写字 : write letters/characters nábāo 拿包 : pick up bag xìxīn de cūxīn de 细心地 : carefully 粗心地 : carelessly xìxīn de zŏu lù Examples: = Walk carefully. (*) cūxīn de kāichē = Drive carelessly mànzŏu NOTE *A similar expression is 慢走 This is something Chinese people often say as a friend is leaving. It means take care or literally walk slowly. It is the equivalent of saying Have a nice day! 64

80 普通话 * 第 18 课 xíngróngcí * Adjectives rènzhēn 认真 lăn 懒 tèbié 特别 pŭtōng 普通 jiă 假 zhēn 真 lazy diligent special false common true/real zhèngcháng 正常 qíguài 奇怪 cháng 长 duăn 短 píng 平 yuán 圆 strange long short flat round normal cōngmíng 聪明 hàixiū 害羞 jiăndān 简单 fùzá 复杂 jiéjìng 洁净 zāng 脏 ruăn 软 yìng 硬 lèi 累 kŏukĕ 口渴 è 饿 băo 饱 shy intelligent simple complex clean dirty soft hard tired thirsty hungry full, satisfied ruănruò 软弱 qiáng 强 má 麻 là 辣 tián 甜 kŭ 苦 ăi 矮 gāo 高 guì 贵 piányi 便宜 róngyì 容易 shăo 少 weak strong numb hot (spicy) sweet (tasting) bitter short (stature) tall expensive cheap easy few *NOTE * Almost any phrase with a verb and object can become an adjective if you add.de to it and put it in front of the noun you are describing. For example: ai Shangdi.de ren = God-loving person. Choose some of the above adjectives to fill in the blanks: 1. How do you choose fruit? 1. I choose fruit. 你 zĕnme 怎麽 xuănzé 选择 guŏzi xuănzé 果子? 我选择 adj. de guŏzi 的果子 2. How does one choose a husband/wife? 2. You should choose a person. zĕnme xuănzé zhàngfu 怎麽 选择 丈夫 qīzi / 妻子? 你应该 yīnggāi xuănzé 选择 yīgè 一个 adj. derén 的人 65

81 1 Cor. 1 :25 bĭ How to Make Comparisons : Noun + bi + noun + adjective. V-O + bi + V-O + adjective. (* Scriptures to be used along with the Society s audiocassettes.) yīnwéi shàngdì zĕnyàng yúchŭn yĕ bĭ rén yŏu 因为 上帝 怎样 愚蠢 也 比 人 有 Because God how is foolish also compared to people has wisdom, shàngdì 上帝 zĕnyàng 怎样 ruănruò 软弱 yĕ 也 bĭ 比 rén 人 jiānqiáng 坚强 God how is weak also compared to people strong. Matthew 6: 25b,26b shēngmìng bùshì bĭ shíwù zhòngyào 命 不是 比 食物 重要 Life is not compared to food important? 生 shēntĭ 身体 bùshì 不是 bĭ 比 yīshang 衣裳 zhòngyào 重要 ma 吗? ma Body is not compared to clothing important? nándào men bù bĭ fēiniăo guìzhòng ma 难到 你们 不比 飞鸟 贵重 Can it be that you not compared to birds precious? New Vocabulary in above Scriptures: 吗?. 吗? zhìhuì 智慧, yúchŭn shēngmìng shēntĭ zhòngyào : foolish : life : body : important zhìhuì shíwù yīshang guìzhòng : wisdom : food : clothing : precious bĭ 1. Tim 比 bĭ 2. Sara 比 3. Samantha 比 chīfàn 4. 吃饭 bĭ 比 bĭ 5. Sara 比 bĭ 6. Jason 比 bĭ Homework sentences, please translate: gāo tiānshĭ Sara 高 8. 天使 ăi Tim 矮 9. 刘 bĭ xiĕ zì è liú Sara 饿 10. 马 róngyì bĭ rén 比人 xiānsheng mă 先生 xiăojie 小姐 cōngmíng 聪明 bĭ tā 比 bĭ 比 bĭ 他 tā 她 qīzi 妻子 mèimei 妹妹 写字容易 11. Bananas 比 apples 长 lăn Samantha 懒 12. Apples 比 shuài Tim 率 13. Brain 比 tián zhèlĭ 7. Sugar 比 lemons 甜 14. 这里比那里 bĭ bĭ bĭ hàixiū 害羞 rènzhēn cháng 认真 yìng bananas 硬 fùzá computer 复杂 nàli zāng 脏 66

82 COLORS : YANSE black white grey red pink purple blue green yellow orange 黑色白色灰色红色粉红色紫色蓝色绿色黄色橘色 hēisè báisè huīsè hóngsè fĕnhóngsè zĭsè lánsè lǜsè huángsè jú sè *Heiren: black person *Bairen: white person *White is the Chinese color of mourning; worn at funerals Practice with saying times in Chinese. Question: When do your meetings begin? QUESTION: 你们的聚会什麽时候开始? men de jùhuì shénme shíhòu kāishĭ ANSWER: 我们 men 每个 mĕigè 星期 xīngqī 有 yŏu 五个 wŭgè 聚会 星期三 jùhuì xīngqīsān 晚上 wănshang 有 yŏu 书籍研究班 它 (time) 开始 星期五晚上有两个聚会 shūjíyánjiūbān tā kāishĭ xīngqīwŭ wănshang yŏu liăng gè jùhuì 有传道训练班和传道工作聚会 它们 yŏu chuándào xùnliàn bān hé chuándào gōngzuò jùhuì tāmen (time) 开始 kāishĭ 星期天也有两个聚会 公众演讲 (time) 开始 然后 xīngqītiān yĕ yŏu liăng gè jùhuì gōngzhòng yănjiăng kāishĭ ránhòu 守望台研究 (time) 开始 shŏuwàngtái yánjiū kāishĭ New Vocabulary: 每个 : every one, each one 然后 : afterwards mĕigè ránhòu 开始 :start, begin kāishĭ 67

83 How To Offer a Bible Study Using the New Tract : Would You Like to Know More About the Bible? xiăng jiāshēn duì shèngjīng de rènshi ma 你想加深对圣经的认识吗? 你 zhībùzhīdao zhĭyòng jĭ fēnzhōng jiùnéng zhăodào yīgè shèngjīng wèntíde 知不知道 只用几分钟就能找到一个圣经问题的 Do you know, only use few minutes can find a Bible question s answer? qĭng níndú dìyī duàn hăoma 请您读第一段 好吗? (Point out the first pp under first subheading.) Please (you) read aloud this paragraph, ok? *(Householder reads first paragraph under first subheading, Help in Understanding the Bible ) nín duì shèngjīng găn xìngqu ma 您对圣经感兴趣吗? Do you toward Bible feel interest? * (Listen to reply, then continue whether they say yes or no.) shèngjīng 圣经 huì 会 bāngzhù 帮助 men 我们 huòdé 获得 Bible can help us obtain benefit. qĭngnín dú hăoma 请您读 好吗? Please you read, ok? lìng *(Householder reads: " 另 rĕn réncí liángshàn 忍 仁慈 良善 xìnxīn yī 一 fāngmiàn 方面 wēnhé bìyì 裨益 dá àn 答案? qĭng kàn jiālātàishū zĕnyàng shuō 请看加拉太书 5: 22, 23 怎样说 Please read Galatians 5:22, 23 what says. shènglíng de guŏshí yŏu ài xīn 的 果实 有 爱心 zìzhì zhèyàng de shì méiyŏu 圣灵 信心 温和 自制 这样 的 事 没有 xĭlè hépíng jiān 喜乐 和平 坚 lǜfă 律法 xiàgèxīngqī xiăng zàilái bàifăng nín hăoma nín xiăng xuéxí shèngjīng ma 我下个星期想再来拜访您 好吗? 您想学习圣经吗? I next week want to come back to visit you. Do you want to study Bible? *(Householder s reply: Xiang, Hao, Keyi! : Ok!, or Buxing : No. ) jìnzhĭ 禁止 ") 68

84 pŭtōnghuà dì 普通话 * 第 shíjiān 时间 Time kè 19 课 kāishĭ 开始 to start jiéshù 结束 to end jīnnián 今年 this year míngnián 明年 next year qùnián 去年 last year xiànzài 现在 now guòqu 过去 past jiānglái 将来 future lìshĭ 历史 history chūlai 出来 come out chūqù 出去 to exit, go out rènwéi 认为 to feel, think, believe yĭqián zhīqián 以前 / 之前 before yĭhòu zhīhòu 以後 / 之後 after píngcháng 平常 usually lĭ bài 礼拜 week gōngyuán 公元 C.E. gōngyuánqián 公元前 B.C.E. tūrán 突然 suddenly hái 还 yet, still jìxù 继续 to continue cóng dào 从. 到 from to cóngláiméiyŏu 从来 没有 never before dìyī shìjì de jīdūtú 第一世纪的基督徒 The Fruits of the Spirit : shíjiān 时间 time zuìjìn 最近 recently zăo 早 early chí 迟 late zŏngshì 总是 always xiăoshí 小时 hour fēnzhōng 分钟 minute xiàndài 现代 modern gŭdài 古代 ancient yŏushíhou 有时候 sometimes shíqī 时期 period in time First Century Christians shènglíngde guŏshí ài xīn xĭlè hépíng jiānrĕn réncí liángshàn xìnxīn wēnhé zìzhì 爱心 喜乐 和平 坚忍 仁慈 良善 信心 温和 自制 love joy peace longsuffering kindess goodness faith mildness selfcontrol 69

85 hăoxiàng hăoxiàng xiàng / rú / is like or is similar to hăoxiàng rú rú + VO OR + noun OR + VO OR Xiang is just a shortened form of haoxiang. They mean the same thing. + noun * Haoxiang and ru in Chinese are used very similarly to how like and similar to are used in English. These words are used when you are comparing one thing to another thing. We use this a lot in life, and expecially when using illustrations. Here are three scriptural examples of these words: zhēnyán 箴言 2:4 You must not stop searching, like searching (for) silver; not stop searching, like searching (for) treasure. yào bùtíng xúnqiú hăoxiàng xúnqiú yínzi bùduàn sōusuŏ hăoxiàng sōusuŏ băozàng, ;, mătàifúyīn 马太福音 3:16, 17 Jesus (got) baptized, immediately from water come up. Look! Heaven opened, John saw God s yēsū shòu le jìn lìkè cóng shuĭ lĭ shànglái kànna tiānkāi le yuēhàn kànjiàn shàngdìde! spirit like dove come down on Jesus body. líng hăoxiàng gēzĭ jiàng zài yēsū shēnshàng yĭsàiyăshū 以赛亚书 48:18 If only you notice my commands! This way, your peace then like river water, your righteousness then vast dànyuàn liúyì dejièmìng zhèyàng de píng ān jiù rú héshuĭ de yì xíng jiù hào! like ocean waves. rú hăilàng yíyàng (NOTE: Often hăoxiàng tā yíyàng hăoxiàng rú : the same as, is used with and For example: gāo : The same height as him. ) 70

86 yàoshì jiù, If.., then.. yàoshì jiù + subject + (aux. verb) + V-O, subject/pronoun/noun + + (aux. verb) + V-O. When we are reasoning with someone, we often say If (something happens), then (there will be a certain result). For example, If a person excercises everyday, then their health will improve. Or, If we read the Bible daily, then we will have a happier life. A very commonly made mistake by English speakers of Mandarin has to do with where then goes in the second half of this kind of sentence. In English we say: then we will draw closer to God,, but in Chinese it should be we then will draw closer to God. So, the biggest difference in this grammar structure from English is that then comes AFTER the noun, not before it, like in English. yăgèshū 雅各书 4:17 Therefore, if person knows how to do right things, but not go do, then is his sin. suŏyĭ yàoshì rén zhīdao zĕnme zuò duì de shì què bùqù zuò jiù shì tā de zuì le 所以 要是人知道怎麽做对的事, 却不去做, 就是他的罪了 yàoshì rúguŏ *NOTE : A synonym for 要是 is 如果. These two words are used the same way. jiù **NOTE #2: 就 has many uses other than then. It can also emphasize verbs. jiùshì 就是 means definitely is ; there is no question about it, it is. A good example is shàngdì jiùshì ài 1 John 4:8 上帝就是爱 " 71

87 jīntiān gàn shénme 1. 你今天干什麽? What are you doing today? Biographical Database Answer: Please try to use Chinese. 2. 你 jĭ diăn 点 fàngxué xiàbān 几 ( 放学 下班.)? What time do you get off (school, work,.) cái huì fàngxué xiàbān answer: 我 (time) 才会 ( 放学 下班.) zhègè 3. 这个 dōngxi 东西 几 How much does this thing cost? jĭ kuài 块 answer: $3.00 zhègè 4. 这个 dōngxi 东西 duōshăo 多少 How much does this thing cost? answer: $17.00 qián 钱? (under $10) qián 钱? (over $10) shàng xià The Many Meanings of " 上 "and " 下 " These two words are extremely flexible and you will see them alot in Chinese books. We can not cover all possible uses of shang and xia, but these are some common terms : shàngbān 上班 go to work xiàbān 下班 get off work shàngxué 上学 go to school fàngxué 放学 get off school shàngchē 上车 get in car xiàchē 下车 get out of car shànglái 上 来 come up xiàlái 下来 come down shànglóu 上 楼 go upstairs xiàlóu 下楼 go downstairs shàngtiāntáng 上 天堂 go to heaven* xià dìyù 下地狱 go down to hell* * These two phrases are Christendom s expressions. You may hear your Bible student use them. 72

88 zuìhòu 最后 普通话 * 第 20 课 de 的 rìzi 日子 * The Last Days yōulǜ 忧虑 wēnyì 瘟疫 zhànzhēng 战争 dìzhèn 地震 jīhuang 饥荒 anxiety pestilence war earthquake famine rĕnnài 忍耐 xīnkŭ 辛苦 dānxīn 担心 shòukŭ 受苦 hòuhuĭ 後悔 endurance tough, difficult to worry to suffer to regret jiānyù 监狱 prison xié è 邪恶 wicked/bad chéngfá 惩罚 to punish fāshēng 发生 wēixiăn 危险 zhèngfŭ juédìng kū 政府 government 决定 to decide 哭 qiángbào zhōngzhĭ 强暴 violence 终止 zìshā 自杀 tānxīn 贪心 suicide greedy shārén 杀人 to murder bāokuò 包括 sĭwáng 死亡 shuāi 衰 to end, stop includes death to cry to happen danger pínqióng 贫穷 poor fùyŏu 富有 rich biāozhēng 标征 sign lăo hèn 老 to grow old 恨 to hate gāo ào fănyìng bìmiăn 高傲 arrogant 反应 reaction, response 避免 zìsī 自私 selfish shìwùzhìdù 事物制度 zìrán system of things 自然 to avoid natural TPR: New Verb - Object Complexes and Adverbs shuìjiào tiàowŭ kāixīn de 睡觉 : to sleep 跳舞 : to dance 开心地 : happily qĭchuáng 起床 păobù : to get up (out of bed) 跑步 nánguòde : to run 难过地 : sadly 73

89 bă 把 :To Take Subject + ba + Object +Verb. bă The word 把 is very important to the Chinese language. It means take in the sense of I m going to take this car and sell it! When we say this in English, we don t mean that we are planning to physically pick the car up, carry it somewhere, bă then sell it. It merely means that we plan to sell the car. 把 is used in a very similar way. It enables the speaker to put the verb AFTER the object, rather than before it. So, rather than saying I am going to sell the car, (S- verb-object), bă 把 allows the speaker to say I am going to take this car and sell it. (S- baobject-verb) This manner of speaking is used much more frequently in Chinese than it is in English, and it is vital to understand it. bă When using 把 in a conversation, both people should already know which bă object is being referred to. The word 把 is used to speak about specific things, bă not general. Often, 把 bă is used in commands. A mother may so to her child, 把 kàn kàn 看看! (Read the book!) The child knows which book is being referred to. Notice that the subject of the sentence ( 你 - you) is often dropped in a command or a request. Examples: shū 书 bă shū fàng zài 1. 把书放在 qĭng bă fàn 2. 请你把饭 qĭng bă shū kàn 3. 请把书看 bă yīfu fàng 4. 把衣服放 yĭzi 椅子 chīwán 吃完 kàn 看 zài 在 dài New Vocabulary: 带 shàng 上 Take the book and place it on the chair. Please take the food and finish eating it. Please take the book and read it. ** (See note below) zhuōzi 桌子 shàng 上 Take the clothes and put them on the table. fàng : to take, to bring (literally, physically take) 放 : to put **NOTE: Notice that none of the verbs are hanging alone at the end of the sentence. It is uncommon for verbs to be left at the end of the sentence alone. For example, it would be incorrect to say, Ba shu kan! We should either say kan.kan, kanwan, kan.le, or some similar complement to the verb. The easiest way is just to say the verb twice, like kan.kan or kan.yi kan (read a read, literally). 74

90 yào lái jiē ma " 你要我来接你吗 Would you like me to come pick you up? Possible Responses:?" I m embarrassed (to bother you). or I don t want to give you trouble! bùhăoyìsi bùyào gĕi máfan 不好意思! 我不要给你麻烦! (These responses are polite in Chinese culture, even if the person does want to go to the meeting.) lèyì 乐意 We could Respond: I really am very happy to take you to the mtg! zhēnde hĕn lèyì dài qù jùhuì a 我 真的 很乐意带你去聚会阿! Other responses: Ok! What time are you coming? xíng jĭ diăn lái ne 行! 你几点来呢? No need, we have our own car. bùyòng men zìjĭ yŏu chē 不用 我们 自己有 车 bùyòng máfan : happy to, willing 不用 : no need 麻烦 : trouble jìn yuăn lí Near and Far 近, 远, 离 How to say where one thing is in relation to another lí Place + 离 + place + near/far/time/miles. The Kingdom Hall is very close to here. The KH is an hour from your home.. The KH is 60 miles from here. Is your house far from here? wángguó jùhuì suŏ lí 王国 王国 wángguó jùhuì suŏ lí wángguó jùhuì suŏ 王国 你 jiā 家 lí 离 聚会所 zhèr 这儿 zhèr hĕnjìn 聚会所离这儿很近 聚会所离 yuăn 远 lí zhèr 离这儿 ma 吗? 你 jiā yīgè xiăoshí 家一个小时 liùshí 六十 yīnglĭ 英里 75

91 Dramatic Acting Skit: The Last Days zuìjìn A: 最近 hĕnduō rén 很多人 bùzhīdao B: 我不知道 nàme yŏu A: 那麽 你有 méiyŏu B: 没有 yēsū A: 耶稣 wángguó 王国 jīntiānde 今天的 B: 很 A: 我 shòukŭ 受苦 méiyŏu 没有 zuìhòuderìzĭ 最后的日子 shìbùshì 是不是? 你 tīngguò men 听过 我们 shì 是 shénme 什麽? zài mătàifúyīn gàosù 在马太福音 24:7 告诉 yào 要 rìzi 日子 hĕnxiàng a 象 shìde B: 是的 nàme A: 那麽 gōngdă 攻打 阿! tóngyì jīntiān 同意 今天 yēsū 耶稣 wángguó 王国 hăoxiàng yēsū 好像 耶稣 shuō 说 yŏu 有 jié zhè wángguó de 14 节 :" 这王国的 jiànzhèng dào shí 见证 ; 到时 shuō 说 xiăng 想 yŏuyītiān 有一天 zhīdao 知道 很多 men 我们 yī chù jiē yī 一处接一 suŏ 所 hĕnduō zuìhòuderìzĭ 最后的日子 shuōde 说 的 zhànzhēng 战争 huì 会 hăoxiāoxī huì 好消息会 yŏu 有 zhōngjié jiù huì láidào 终结就会来到 shàngdì 上帝 gèngduō 更多 huì 会 guānyú 关於 xiăng qĭngjìn qĭngjìn B: 我想! 请进 请进! rènwéi 认为 xiànzài 现在 zhèlĭ 这里 chù 处 ma 吗? shàngdì 上帝 guānxīn 关心 de rìzi jiùshì 的日子就是 yŏu 有 dìzhèn shuō 说 粮 mínzú :" 民族 liánghuāng hé 地震 和 lìngwài yīgè 另外一个 chuán 传 biàn pŭ 遍普 chéngfá xié è derén 惩罚 shèngjīng de 圣经的 荒 yēsū tídào " 耶稣提到 wēnyì 瘟疫 hé 和 shòukŭderén 受苦的人 zuìhòuderìzĭ " 最后的日子 yào 要 dìzhèn 地震 shìbùshì 攻打 ma 吗? ne " 呢 gōngdămínzú " 你 是不是? biāozhēng qĭng 标征 请 tiān xià duì 天下 对 háiyŏu suŏyŏu 所有 hăoxiāoxī 邪恶的人 还有 他会 hăoxiāoxī 好消息 ma 吗? 留意 民族 liúyì dì 第 rén zuò 人 作? rènwéi 认为 shèngjīng " 好消息 " 圣经 tā huì zhĕngjiù hăorén 拯救 好人 你 76

92 Lesson 21 shèngjīng 圣经 yánjiū 研究 : Bible Study huà xialai 划下来 zhŭnbèi zīliào kĕndìng : to underline 肯定 dìfang : definitely 准备资料 : prepare information 地方 : place tăolùn zhĭ 讨论 : discuss, discussion 只 fāngfă hélĭ 方法 : a method, way 合理 yĭjing 已经 xiăoxīn háishì : already 还是 : or huàr : only, merely (before vb) :reasonable 小心 : to be careful 画儿 : picture (MW: fu) wèntí jiă fùkuàng 问题甲 : question A 附框 : text box ; chart wèntí yĭ lèisì 问题乙 : question B 类似 wèntí bĭng 问题丙 dàibiăo yuángù : question C 原故 kànfă 代表 : to represent, symbolize 看法 dá àn 答案 yìsī 意思 tóngyì 同意 bĭyù 比喻 pínglùn 评论 yùyán 预言 duàn : an answer 段 juéde : meaning 觉得 tóng : similar : (a) reason : viewpoint : to agree 同 / 不同 : paragraph, MW for texts : to feel or think bùtóng : illustration ( 不 ) 记得 bù jìde : comment ( 不 ) 可能 bù : a prophecy 培养 dá àn NOTE: is a noun, an answer. péiyăng huídá kĕnéng : same/different : to remember/forget : possible/impossible : to cultivate (qualities) is a verb, to answer. 77

93 Homework: Translate these sentences into English de kànfă zĕnmeyàng zhègè ŏuxiàng dàibiăo shéi 1. 你的看法 怎麽样? 8. 这个 偶像 代表 谁? zhègè dōngxi dàibiăo shénme zhè duàn jīngwén shì shénme yìsī 2. 这个 东西 代表 什麽? 9. 这 段 经文 是 什麽 意思? nà gè dìfang zài nă lĭ juéde yēsū de huà hélĭ ma 3. 那个 地方 在 哪里? 10. 你 觉得 耶稣 的 话 合理吗? qĭng huà xialai wèntí bĭngde dá àn tóngyì ma 4. 请 划下来问题丙的 答案 11. 你 同意 吗? juéde zhè shì kĕnéngdema de pínglùn hĕnhăo 5. 你 觉得 这 是 可能的吗? 12. 你的 评论 很好! bù jìde dì èr duàn de bĭyù shì shénme 6. 我不记得! 13. 第二段的 比喻 是 什麽? jìde ma tā zhĭyŏu yī bĕn shū 7. 你 记得 吗? 14. 他 只有 一本 书 A: 你 B: 我 yŏu 有 yào 要 Dramatic Acting Skit #1: Please Come In : Qing jin! shénme 什麽 gĕi 给 你 A: 谢谢! 请进 B: 我 A: 别 shì 事 hăoxiāoxī xièxie qĭng jìn qĭng 请 yīnggāi tuōxié ma bié xièxie 应该 tuōxié B: 谢谢! yào A: 你要 脱鞋 qĭngzuò? (What matter are you here about?) 好消息 (hand householder a tract.) 进! (Please come in!) jìn 吗? (Should I take my shoes off?) 脱鞋! 请坐! (No, please have a seat!) hē shuĭ 喝水 bù kŏukĕ B: 我 不 口渴 bié kèqì a A: 别 kĕyĭ 客气 ma 吗? xièxie 谢谢! wàimian 阿 外面 xièxie hăo 好 B: 可以 谢谢!(Alright, thanks!) xíng qĭng A: 行! 请 dĕng yī xià 等 rè 热! (Don t be polite! It s very hot outside!) 一下 (Ok, please wait a second!) 78

94 bùzài jiā Dramatic Acting Skit #2 : Not At Home A: 你 zhăo 找 shéi 谁? (Who are you looking for?) zhāng B: 张 xiăojie 小姐 zài 在 jiā 家 ma 吗? (Is Miss Zhang at home?) tā A: 她 bùzài tā sāndiăn cái huíjiā 不在 她三点才回家 (She s not home. She won t be back until 3:00.) nà B: 那 我 sāndiăn zhīhòu 之後 zài 再 lái 来 xíngbùxíng 三点 行不行? (Then I ll come back after 3:oo, ok?) xíng A: 行 (Ok.) xièxie zàijiàn B: 谢谢 再见! 你 yào 要 gēn 跟 men 我们 yìqĭ 一起 qù 去 jùhuì 聚会 ma 吗? kĕyĭ 可以 bùhuì 不会 bùxíng : yes, I can 不行 suíbiàn : I can t 随便 : No : whatever xíng suíbiàn 行 : ok 随便你 : it s up to you wúsuŏwèi 无所谓 méibànfă 没办法 : it doesn t matter one way or the other : there s no way (I can do it) 79

95 zhāng 故事 : xiăohóng de zăoshang jīntiān xiăo 今天小 ránhòu chī zăofàn 然后吃早饭 tiāntiānkăochá " 天天 考查 因为她不要 hóng 红 tā hĕn 很 zŏng zăo 早 shì qĭchuáng 起床 zài chī tā hĕn lèi 她很累 zăofàn deshíhou tā 她 hē màn màn 慢 chá 慢 tā de 地 yĕ chuān 穿 hĕn yīfu 衣服 xĭhuan kàn 她总是在吃早饭的时候喝茶 她也很喜欢看 shèngjīng yīnwéi tā bùyào pàng qĭlai păobù 跑步 今天 jìde tā chī zăofàn zhīhòu píngchángqùpăobù 圣经 " 她吃早饭之後 胖 晚上 dànshì jīntiāntiānqì 起来 但是 今天天气 jīntiān wănshang tā huì gēn tā de péngyou 早上 她会跟她的 zăoshang bā diănbàn deshíhou ma 记得吗? 我们 jìde tā 朋友 平常 tàilĕng tā xĭhuan păobù 去跑步 她喜欢跑步 suŏyĭ tā jīntiān bùyuàn 太冷 所以她今天不愿 yìqĭ 一起 māma duì tā shuō tiàowŭ 跳舞 八点半的时候 她妈妈对她说 :" 张 men jīntiān yào xièxie 今天 要 yìqĭ qù 一起去 yĭjīng zhŭnbèihăole chuándào 传道 zánmen 我记得! 谢谢! 我已经准备好了 咱们 tā men 她们 tā men 她们 yĕ 也 fēnfā chuándào 传道 de 的 le bùshăo 分发了不少 shíhòu 时候 zázhì bàifăng le 拜访了 suŏyĭ 杂志 所以!" 小 hĕn 很 tā men 她们 xiăohóng zŏu 走 duō 多 ba huíjiā 回家 红 zhāngxiăohóng a duì 对 吧 " xùfăng tā 她 小 xùfăng 续访 续访 deshíhou 的时候 红 māma 妈妈 tèbié 特别 阿 shuō! 你 说 :" dōu zài jiā 都在家 gāoxìng 高兴 How To Say When or While : deshíhou. Formula: Subject + verb +.de shihou + subject + verb- object. tā chīfàn deshíhòu yĕ kànshū While she was eating, she read a book. 她 吃饭的时候 也 看书 tā zài zhōngguóde shíhou shuō zhōngwén When she went to China, she spoke Chinese. 她 在 中国 的 时候 说 中文 tā zhùzài mĕiguódeshíhòu xué yīngwén While he was living in the US, he learned English. 他 住在 美国的时候 学 英文 80

96 普通话 * 第 22 课 pĭngé 品格 * Personality línjū 邻居 jiàzhí 价值 jiāng 将 gănqíng 感情 shēngqì 生气 jīngyà 惊讶 lĭwù 礼物 hàipà 害怕 jĭnzhāng 紧张 huīxīn 灰心 kànfă 看法 kŏng neighbor value bă găndòng 感动 lìzi 例子 kĕlián synonym of 把 可怜 emotions angry surprised a gift, present fear, afraid nervous discouraged viewpoint pà ( 恐 ) 怕 (I m) afraid (that) kĕ ài 可爱 kĕxī 可惜 xíngwéi 行为 nŭlì 努力 xiūchĭ 羞耻 jídù 嫉妒 yĭwéi 以为 dàfāng 大方 xìngqíng 性情 moved (emotionally) example, case pitiful cute, loveable (it s a ) pity, a shame actions, behavior try hard ashamed envy/jealousy to wrongly assume out-going ; generous zhăo 找 zhăodào 找到 găibiàn 改变 guānyú 关於 pĭngé 品格 chéngwéi jìn 成为 to look for 进 to enter shānghài 伤害 guānxīn 关心 shìtú 试图 gŭlì disposition, temperment 特质 * to find to change about, concerning personality to become to hurt, injure to care for to attempt, try 鼓励 to encourage tèzhì qualities *NOTE: Adding dao to the end of many verbs means successfully completed action. It can be combined with.le. For example: zhaodao.le, kandao.le, tingdao.le, jiandao.le, etc. Jehovah s Four Outstanding Qualities zhìhuì lìliang ài xīn gōngzhèng 智慧 力量 爱心 公正 Wisdom Power Love Justice 81

97 Adjectives and Modifying Phrases Descriptive phrase +.de + noun mătàifúyīn 马太福音 5: 5, 7, 8 Temperament mild.de person has happiness, because they will inherit earth as inheritance. xìngqing wēnhé de rén yŏu fú le yīnwéi tāmen huì chéngshòu dàdì zuòwéi chănyè 5 jie 性情温和的人有福了 因为他们会承受大地作为产业 Mercy.de person has happiness, because they will get mercy. cíbēi de rén yŏu fú le yīnwéi tāmen huì déméng cíbēi 7 jie 慈悲的人有福了 因为他们会得蒙慈悲 Heart pure.de person has happiness, because they will see God. xīn dì chúnjié de rén yŏu fú le yīnwéi tāmen huì kànjiàn shàngdì 8 jie 心地纯洁的人有福了 因为他们会看见上帝 In Chinese, almost any words or phrases can become adjectives if you put them in front of the noun you want to describe and then add a.de between the phrase and the noun. For example, in English we may say, a Godly woman, in Chinese though, it would sound like, love God.de woman. (Ai Shangdi.de nuren) Examples: sālā shì ài shàngdìde rén 1. 撒拉是爱上帝的人 Sarah was a Godly person. tā shì gè tīnghuàde háizi 2. 他是个听话的孩子 He is an obedient child. móxī shì yīgè yŏu xìnxīn de rén 3. 摩西是一个有信心的人 Moses was a faithful person. yēsū shì yīgè yŏu ài xīnde rén 4. 耶稣是一个有爱心的人 Jesus is a loving person. NOTE: In the case of some phrases (see #3 and #4) we need to use to have (you) before the descriptive word. It would not be correct to say móxī shì yīgè xìnxīn de rén yēsū shì yīgè ài xīn de rén 摩西是一个信心的人, or 耶稣是一个爱心的人 82

98 háiméi yŏu 还没 ( 有 ) Still haven t or Hasn t yet S + haimei (you) + VO. She hasn t come yet, or I still haven t done that In Chinese, these expressions are very similar grammatically to our expressions in English. Using Mandarin, hai mei (you) expresses the thought of not yet completing an action. When expressing this thought, often people drop the you in hai meiyou. They often just say haimei. For example, these two sentences mean the same thing: Ta hai meiyou shang juhui, and Ta haimei shang juhui. Both of these examples mean: She/He still hasn t attended a meeting. The biggest difference between the Chinese and English way to say yet is, English puts yet at the end of the sentence. Chinese puts yet or still (hai) before the verb, never at the end of the sentence. Translate the following sentences into English: bùyào shānghài de gănqíng hĕn jīngyà 1. 我不要伤害你的感情 5. 我很惊讶! tā de gōngzuò hĕn xīnkŭ nà jiàn shì hĕn kĕxī a 2. 他的工作很辛苦! 6. 那件事很可惜啊! qĭng jìn hĕn găndòng 3 请进! 7. 我很感动! de kànfă zĕnmeyàng kŏngpà huì shēngbìng 4. 你的看法怎麽样? 8. 我恐怕你会生病! Homework: Look over all of your past vocabulary lists and find all the words that you have a hard time remembering. Bring in flashcards of those hard-to-remember words to next week s class so that we can practice as a class. Translate the provided sentences into English. You don t need to rewrite them in pinyin, just hand in the English translations. 83

99 普通话 * 第 23 课 shēngcíliànxí * dàodĭ get to the point huárén Chinese people nòng to do/to make suàn regard as, count as tóngbèiyālì peer pressure zuò măimài do business wùzhìzhŭyì materialism Everyday Vocabulary kŏuyŭ shūmiànhuà book-ish speech kŏuyŭ everyday speech nánguài it s no wonder lìhai formidable, amazing măi buy mài sell dāng zuò to be tán tán to chat piàn to trick fā cái get rich nuòyán promise lĭmào polite wàiguórén foreigner bùlĭ to ignore zĕnme bàn? What can be done? 越来越 Yue lai yue adj. : More and more adjective Each year, your mother looks younger and younger. mĕinián de māma kànlai yuèláiyuè niánqīng This world is getting more and more wicked. zhègè shìjiè yuèláiyuè huài 86

100 xué pŭtōnghuà xuéde zĕnmeyàng? How is your study of Chinese? nín 1. 您 you) yuèláiyuè yuèláiyuè yuèláiyuè máng kuài yuèláiyuè : more and more busy yuèláiyuè : faster and faster rènzhēn yuèláiyuè : more and more diligent hăo róngyì BIOGRAPHICAL DATABASE duōdà 多大? How old are you? (person older than cāi ba Answer: 你 猜 吧! Guess! (If you don t want to say.) or (same as answer to #2.) : better and better : easier and easier jiăndān : more and more simple jĭ 2. 你几 suì 岁? How old are you? (younger person) Answer: 我 suì # 岁 I am # years old. qĭngwèn 3. 请问 我 you? yīnggāi 应该 zĕnme 怎麽 chēnghu 称呼 nín 您? Excuse me, how should I address Answer: Say whatever form of address you prefer; first or last name, English or Chinese. 4. 你 shàng 上 Answer: 我 nă gè 哪个 shàng 上 huìzhòng 会众? What congregation do you attend? zhōngwén 中文 huìzhòng 会众. I attend the Chinese cong. 87

101 bèi 被 : got or get Subject + (mei) + bei + (noun) + VO + (.le). bèi 被 is a very important verb to understand in Chinese. It has a couple of different uses, but we will only discuss one here. Depending bèi on the context, 被 for the most part, implies something bad happening. For example, getting killed, put in jail, beaten, etc. But, 被 can sometimes also apply to good things happening. For example, getting appointed as a pioneer or elder. le If the VO complex at the end of the sentence ends with 了 then we know that the action is completed. le bèi, bèi 被 is most often used in conjunction with 了 to describe past events. Without 了 at the end, it can refer to something that hasn t happened (see #6). tā 1. He got disfellowshipped. 他 bèi 被 tā 2. He got appointed as an elder. 他 tā 3. He got killed. 他 bèi 被 shāsĭ 杀死 le kāichúle 开除 bèi 被 了 了 wĕipài 委派 4. He got seen by people. 他被人看见 (This implies that he didn t want to be seen.) tā bèi nèi rén jiàn 5. That matter got discovered by her. 那件 (This implies that the matter was a secret.) 6. He did not get beaten by his wife. 他 tā kànjiànle shì 事 méi 没 zhănglăole 长老 了 bèi 被 bèi 被 tā 她 tā 他 了 fāxiànle 发现了 qīzi dă le 妻子打 88

102 zhĭ 只 : only, merely, just S + zhi + aux. verb + VO. Zhiyou + S + aux. verb + VO. tā 他 zhĭ 只 Jehovah. tā 它 zhĭ 只 yào 要 shì 是 zhĭ Lilly 只 zhĭ Lilly 只 zhĭyŏu 只有 rén 人 chóngbài 崇拜 gŏu 狗 xiăng 想 zŏu 走 xiàng 向 zhĭyŏu animals. 只有 yēhéhuá 耶和华 He only wants to worship It is just a dog. 到 qù 去 dào 上帝 zhōngguó 中国 wángguó 王国 shàngdì yēsū 耶稣 hăo qĭngwèn nín A:! shìde B: méi qù A: nà B: A: shì ó B: năli A: B: shì A: guò zĕnme huì zài wèishénme lăoshī shì shì năli cóng ma jīdūtú dàlù hĕn wèi 为 dăogào 祷告 Lilly merely wants to go to China. jùhuì suŏ 聚会所 Lilly only walked to the KH. rénlèi 人类 dòngwù, 动物 sĭwáng 死亡 bùhuì 不会 Only people pray to God, not Only Jesus died for mankind. Practical Conversation: Skit (waiting at a doctor s office together) shì shuō mĕiguó xué xiăng zhōngguórén zhōngwén xué pŭtōnghuà bāngzhù shìbùshì cóng lái de năli xiăng qù ma?? pŭtōnghuà lái ne qùguò zhōngguórén nà de dàlù shuō yĭjīng zhōngguó míngbai zhōngwén zài mĕiguó ma? shèngjīng shuō duōjiŭ de hĕnhăo 89

103 liăng B: A: hái B: gè xíguàn yuè le le mĕiguó ma méiyŏu dànshì shàng zhèr fùjìn de A: duì B: shàng dàxué xĭhuan xíguàn ( mĕiguó dàxué Pennsylvania accustomed to, used to) ma shàng ( to attend ) shìma nà A: de B: hĕnhăo A: zài B: xué A: B: A: B: zhuānyè de shì juéde táiwān hĕn nán wàiyŭ jiào A: kĕyĭ B: A: jiào xué zhēnde shénme xìngwáng hĕn gĕi a zhuānyè huàxué huàxué huàxué hĕn míngzi shì nánbùnán bùtàinán shénme ne dànshì zài zhèr nán pŭtōnghuà gāoxìng jiàolĕi xièxie shèngjīng hăo xièxie B: de lĕi rènshi xièxie ne diànhuà hĕn lèyì hàomă kĕyĭ yĕ hăoma bùhăo sònggĕi rúguŏ bāngzhù xué liăngbĕn bùxíng xué xiăng zázhì gēn ma yīngwén xuéxí HOMEWORK: Read this skit over carefully and try to understand it. Look up any words that you don t recognize. Try to memorize some useful lines. 90

104 普通话 * 第 24 课 yīkuài er 一块儿 lèyì 乐意 yuànyì 愿意 kuài qián ( 块 ) 钱 jiànkāng 健康 wánquán 完全 together to be happy to to be willing money healthy total, complete tiáojiàn 条件 condition, factor qíngkuàng 情况 circumstances pèngjiàn 碰见 to bump into sūnzĭsūnnǚ 孙子孙女 grandkids duìmiàn 对面 opposite side zhōngjiàn 中间 middle méngyuènà 蒙 yuàn 愿 悦纳 gain approval cì 次 gāng 刚 xīngfèn 兴奋 nánfāng # of times 南方 just; barely to be excited cháoxiào 嘲笑 to laugh at, jeer kāiwánxiào 开玩笑 joking, kidding líkāi 离开 jìnbù 进步 fángjiān 房间 bĭrú 比如 to leave, depart lóu to progress, improve 楼 shuō 说 zú gòu ( 足 ) 够 zhèxie 这些 nàxiē 那些 qŭyuè 取悦 room these those For example, is enough to please, satisfy may, wish (as in May your kingdom come. ) bĕifāng 北方 tíngchē 停车 shŏudū 首都 chéngshì 城市 yínháng 银行 bānjiā 搬家 the south the north to park (car) capital (city) city, town bank story (bldg) to move (house) zhòngyào 重要 important jīhuì 机会 băohù 保护 zhĕngjiù 拯救 gănjī opportunity to protect save, rescue 感激 thankfulness 91

105 Who, Which, That, and What Verb-Object +.de + noun + description. S + suo + verb +.de + noun + description. There are no real Chinese equivalents for the English words who, which, or that in Mandarin. In English one says, The house that Jack built, but in Chinese one would say: Jack suo built.de house (Jack suo jianzhu.de fangzi ) English does have some similar ways of speaking without using that, who, or which, for example: a self-made man or home-cooked meal. In the sentence The house that Jack built, the clause that Jack built modifies (or describes) the noun house. In Chinese, the modifying phrase should come before the noun it modifies: for example, the Jack built house. Also, between the modifying clause and the noun there is always a de 的. Jack jianzhu.de fangzi. De serves as a connecting word between the clause and the noun it modifies. If the subject of the sentence is VO.de noun then suo does not need to be used. If the subject of the sentence is a noun or pronoun, though, then suo needs to be inserted before the verb. Some examples are: nà * 那 shuōhuà de 说话的 tiàowŭ de * 跳舞 的 nà * 那 rén 人 păobù de 跑步的 xiĕ zì de * 写字的 shuìjiào de * 睡觉 的 yēhéhuá * 耶和华 tā * 他 suŏ 所 rén 人 suŏ 所 gŏu 狗 háizi 孩子 xĭhuan 喜欢 rén 人 hĕn 很 shuō de 说的 hăo 好 fēicháng 非常 hĕn 很 zuò de 做的 kĕ ài 可爱 : That child who is talking is really cute. chànggē 唱歌 : The person who is dancing likes to sing. lèi 类 : That person who is running is extremely tired. shuài 率 : The person who is writing is very handsome. shūfu 舒服 : The dog which is sleeping is very comfortable. dōu 都 dōu 都 hăotīng 好听 fēicháng 非常 hăo 好 : Everything that Jehovah does is extremely good. : All the things which he says sound nice. 92

106 yuēhàn fúyīn 约翰福音 17:3 : tāmen bùduàn xīshōu zhīshi rènshi zhè dúyīdezhēnshén bìngqiĕ rènshi suŏ chāilái de 他们不断吸收知识 认识你这独一的真神 并且认识你所差来的 They don t stop taking in knowledge, know you this only true God, moreover know you * s ent.de yēsūjīdū jiù kĕyĭ yŏu yŏngshēng 耶稣基督 就可以有永生 Jesus Christ, then can have eternal life. cái 才 then and only then, (conditional), before Subject + aux. verb + V-O + cai + aux. verb + V O (noun). In Mandarin, cai is used to show that one thing cannot happen unless another event occurs FIRST. It shows that something is conditional. In English, we use the words before, only if, and only then to express the idea of cai. The usage of cai in Chinese is just about the same as we use the word before (conditional) in English. Please read the below examples: yuēhàn fúyīn 约翰福音 5:19: yēsū " 耶稣 duì 对 tā de méntú 他的门徒 shuō 说 :' 我 shí shízài zài 实实在在 gàosù 告诉 men érzi 你们 儿子做 zuò shénme 什麽 Jesus to his disciples said: I truly tell you, Son does anything dōu bùnéng 都不能 zì 自 zuò 做 zhŭzhāng zhĭyŏu 主张 只有 kàndào fùqin suŏzuò de érzi 看到父亲所做的 儿子 cái 才 néng zuò 能 做 all cannot make own idea, only sees what Father does, Son only then able to do. fùqin 父亲 zuò 做 shénme érzi yĕ 什麽 儿子也 zhàoyàng 照样 zuò 做 shénme 什麽 '" Father does something, Son also in like manner does something. 93

107 1. I have to put on my clothes before I go out. yào chuān 我要 穿 yīfu cái kĕyĭ chū qù 衣服才可以出去 2. I need to encourage the brothers and sisters before I leave the KH. xūyào gŭlì biérén cái kĕyĭ líkāi 我须要鼓励别人才可以离开 wángguó 王国 jùhuì suŏ 聚会所 3. Only if we learn about Jehovah can we become His friends. men yào xué guānyú yēhéhuá cái 我们 要 学 关於 Make your own sentences! kĕyĭ zuò tā 耶和华才可以作 * 他的 cái kĕyĭ líkāi 才可以离开 cái kĕyĭ 才可以 cái 才 néng 能 cái huì 才会 zuò de 作 * 我的 kāichē 开车 shuō 说 de péngyou 朋友 wángguó jùhuì 王国 聚会 pŭtōnghuà 普通话 péngyou 朋友 suŏ 所 zuò shì Notice that the word to be in be my friend is 作, not 是. This is another way to say is or to be. In this case, saying shi would be incorrect. Sentences for translation: 翻译成英文 : 1. Ni jici qu Dalu? Taiwan.ne? 2. Zanmen yikuair shangban.ba! 3. Zhu zai chengshi li dui jiankang bu hao. 4. Gou.le.ma? 5. Zhe.ge duoshao qian? 6. Zhe jian (MW) fang.zi gui bu gui? 7. Wo yuanyi banjia. 8. Wo hen leyi lai bangzhu ni banjia. 9. Wo shang.ge libaitian pengjian.le ta. 10. Yinhang zai wo.de fang.zi.de duimian. 11. Zhongguo.de shoudu zai Harbin gen Shanghai.de zhongjian. 12. Beijing zai beifang. 13. Ta.men shi nanfangren. 14. Wo gang huijia, xianzai yao chifan. 15. Zai chengshi li hen nan tingche. 16. Wo quguo Aodaliya san ci. 17. Xiaci women yikuair qu.ba! 18. Ni shenme shihou likai Meiguo? 19. Wu kuai san mao san fen. 20. Birushuo, ren chaoxiao ni. Ni hui zenme zuo? 21. Wo.men xiang meng Yehehua.de yuena. 94

108 25 jīngshén 精神 fāngmiàn 方面 quàngào 劝告 shénme 什麽 qīngchu 清楚 băochí 保持 zhĭyĭn 指引 shĕnpàn 审判 kăoyàn 考验 zìyóu 自由 qiánghuà 强化 yìngyàn spirit (of a person) 应验 aspect, side counsel, advice any, anything clear, obvious keep, maintain guidance to judge a test, trial free, freedom to strengthen chénsī 沉思 fēicháng 非常 kĕshì 可是 suŏyĭ 所以 huáiyí 怀疑 zhīchí 支持 jiăngshăng 奖赏 jīngyàn 经验 qīdài to fulfill ponder over extremely but, however therefore to doubt to support a reward an experience 期待 to anticipate bùzàihū 不在乎 do not care dédào 得到 shuōmíng 说明 măshàng 马上 gēnbĕn 根本 dòng 动 xúnqiú 寻求 jiēshòu 接受 dàolĭ 道理 mĕicì 每次 shúxī 熟悉 ài 爱 to get, obtain to explain immediately simply, at all to move to seek, look for to accept, recieve sensible, rational every time, each time familiar with to love tā 1. 他 2. 我 gēnbĕn 根本 bù 不 biédòng Homework: Please translate into English. bùzàihū bă xīn de jīngshén fàngzài xīn lĭ shīpiān 不在乎 5. 把新地精神 放在我心里 诗篇 51:10 shúxī 熟悉 shèngjīng 圣经 shénmeshì 6. 什麽事 men 3. 别动! 7. 我们 shèngjīng hĕnyŏu dàolĭ zài 4. 圣经 很有道理 8. 在 zhè 这 dōu 都 yīnggāi 应该 bùyào 不要 zhīchí 支持 fāngmiàn 方面 yōulǜ 忧虑 zhănglăo 长老 yēsū 耶稣 féilìbĭshū 腓立比书 4:6 de 的 suŏ zuò de juédìng 所做的决定 huà shì shénme yìsī 话是什麽意思? 95

109 shĭ jiào lìng ràng 使, 叫, 令, 让 How to say to make or to cause to be S + shi + noun + adjective. S + shi + noun + zuo + position/occupation/state of being. Shi 使 is a very commonly used theocratic verb in Chinese. It is used like the English word make, in the sense of this makes me happy, or the truth makes us rejoice, etc. shĭ The word 使 is not used in the sense of to create. For example, He made a bench out of wood. The words shi, jiao, ling, or rang cannot be used in that sense. The other words listed, jiao, ling, and rang are more common, spoken ways to say things like to make or to cause to be (adj.). They all have the same grammar pattern as shi : 你 tā lìng 令 jiào 他叫 tāmen 他们 我 yào 要 我 我 ràng 让 zài 在 hĕn 很 hĕn 很 de jīngyà 惊讶 lèi! You make me very shocked! 累! He makes me very tired! érzi hĕn 我的儿子很 zuìhòu de rìzi 最后的日子叫 shēngqì jiào 生气 They make my son very angry. tā 他 fùhuó yuēhàn fúyīn 复活 约翰福音 6:44 马太福音 Mataifuyin 28:19 suŏyĭ men yào qù shĭ suŏyŏu guózú de rén zuò deméntú fèng 所以你们要去 使所有国族的人做我的门徒 奉 Therefore you must go, make all nation s people be my disciples, in the fùqin érzi shènglíngde míng gĕi tāmen shījìn 父亲 儿子 圣灵的名给他们施浸 Father s, Son s, Holy spirit s name give them baptism, zhĭyào yuànyì 愿意 马可福音 Makefuyin 1:40 " 只要你 就 If only you want to, then can make me clean. jiù néng 能 shĭ 使 我 jiéjìng 洁净 " 96

110 dăogào 祷告 Prayer Please open our minds and hearts so that we may know how to apply your Word in our lives. qíqiú dăkāi mende xīnyăn shĭ men zhīdao zĕnme 祈求你打开我们的心眼使我们知道怎么 zài shēnghuóshàng yùnyòng de huàyŭ 在生活上运用你的话语 Jehovah please bless our chinese congregation. yēhéhuá qíqiú zhùfú mende zhōngwén 耶和华祈求你祝福我们的中文 Please continue to bless "the faithful and discreet slave". qiú jìxù zhùfú zhōngxìnruìzhìdenúlì 求你继续祝福 忠信睿智的奴隶 Jehovah please give us your holy spirit. yēhéhuá qíqiú cìgĕi men 耶和华祈求你赐给我们 Please help us to keep our integrity. qiú bāngzhù men băochí 求你帮助我们保持 May your Kingdom come. yuàn de wángguó 愿 你的 王国 láilín 来临 Our Father, thank you for giving us life. mende tiānfù gănxiè cìgĕi 我们的天父, 感谢你赐给 de 你的 shènglíng 圣灵 zhōngzhēn 忠贞 men 我们 huìzhòng 会众 shēngmìng 生命 97