Ææ Ω-üΔí îëêæc... Hobby

Transcription

1 -Ç-C- Ωç 1 -- Ë 2016 Ñ-Ø -úø  j«-ü - «-ü 2 1. LOCATE = Find (äéπ Ææ h Ö o îóô - í Jhç-îªúøç.) Eg: I was able to locate the building easily because he gave clear directions to it. I was able to locate the building easily. 2. HAUL = Pull with some difficulty ( «í úøç éìçûª v ûó.) Eg: These labourers haul big loads over their carts every day. Nowadays electric / diesel engines haul most of the trains in India. 3. BOOST = Help / increase ( ç Òç-Cç-îªúøç / éàh îëèπÿ- Ωaúøç.) Eg: The government of AP is anxious to boost tourism in and around the new capital 4. FRANCHISE = Authorisation / permission the government / a company gives somebody to carry on specific business activity (äéπ u ƒ Ω é Ωu-éπ- «- ƒ- E Ωy- œ«ç-îªú -EéÀ v æ μº ûªyç é F, àüájø u ƒ Ω ÆæçÆæn- é F ÉîËa Å - A.) Eg: His cousin holds the franchise for marketing the soft drink in this area. 5. ADVERSE = Unfavourable (v æa-èπÿ- - Á i ) Eg: Even in adverse circumstances he succeeded in getting the first rank in the exam. (v æa-èπÿ æj-æœn-ûª applex èπÿú æk-éπ~ apple Åûª Á ü öà ƒn ç Òçü -úøç apple Nïߪ ç ƒ-cμç-î -úø.) - T. Mohan Krishna, Kadapa. Q: Sir, please explain the following idioms: 1. Behind the scenes 2. In a nutshell 3. Redtapism A: Behind the scenes = Things that take place without most people knowing about them, and totally different from what is happening publicly. (ûá Ω- Á- éπ ïjíí N æߪ èπ ûál-ߪ -èπ çú ïjíí N æ-ߪ.) Eg: A lot of things happened behind the scenes though people were thinking they knew what was going on. (ï Ω -í -ûª - on ûª èπ ûá -Ææ- -èπ ç-ô ç-úø-í ØË, ûá Ω- Á- éπ î ««íóûªç úõ-*çc.) In a nutshell = Very briefly (èπ x æhçí.) Redtapism = The unnecessary delays caused, because of unnecessary rules, especially in government departments. (v æ μº ûªy E ç-üμ - x, àüájø ï Ω-í -Lq B Ω x, v æ μº -ûªy-»-ê applex ïjíí ñ«æuç.) - Peddapati Sankaraiah Q: Sir, what type of sentences do the sentences with modals belong to present or future? A: It depends. I can do it - 'can do' here is verb with a modal indicating the present or the future. He could do it - 'could do it' here is a verb with a modal indicating the past, and sometimes the present. Modals can be of any tense. Q: What is the pronunciation of Nick Vujicic? A: It is pronounced 'Nick Vujasik'. The boy ran off.. - Srikanth, Warangal. Q: Sir, could you please translate the below sentence in English. -ØË- éìç-îáç -áèπ \- confident í -Öç-ú -Lqç-C (Öç-úø- -ü ). 'I would have to be more confident' -Å-ØÌ-î a? A: I should have been a little more confident. Q: Meaning of 'low latency data'? A: Not enough information about the percentage of literacy. Q: Meaning of 'preclude'. Please describe where we use this word? A: Prevent something from happening / prevent someone from doing something (Åúøf- Tç-îªúøç / Åúø f- æ-úøôç.) Eg: The rain precludes any match today. (Because of the rain no match can be played today). We can use the word wherever we use stop / prevent. - Ajaz Ajju, Yemmiganur. Q: Sir, when we use COULD MAY and MIGHT to indicate possibility then why don't we use COULDN'T to indicate possibility in negative sentences like other MAYN'T and MIGHTN'T do. - Please explain. A: Though 'could' indicates possibility, 'Couldn't' is used mostly to indicate inability. Eg: I couldn't (was not able to) come yesterday because of the severe heat. 'Mayn't' and 'Mightn't' can of course be used for possibility of something not happening. Eg: He mayn't come / He mightn't come today (His coming today is doubtful). Mightn't expresses greater doubt than, 'mayn't'. - VVN Varalakshmi Q: Sir, please explain meeting, conference, put up, put on, put off. A: Meeting - One person / some persons speaking to a number of people on some subject. Conference - A meeting in which anybody can speak on a particular subject. Put up = stay temporarily. We put up for the night at a small hotel. Put on = wear. He put on a white shirt and brown striped pants. Put off = Postpone. They put off their trip. you are in a position to take your own decision (BÆæ -éó-í - ÅE.) Cannot I (Can't I) take my own decision? = I have the ability to take my own decision - (Ø -E Ωg-ߪ ç -ØË-- -BÆæ éó- --Ø?-Åç-õ -BÆæ éóí Å-E.) Both the above are questions to which the answer is stating strongly that you can take your own decision and that you don't need anybody's help. Both are correct. - J. Siva Kumar Q: Sir, without using direct speech (or) reported speech can any sentence be written like this in any situation: She said, she knew that what was happening there. A: She said she knew what was happening there (not, 'that what was happening there') - Correct. This is in the indirect speech, isn't it? Nothing wrong here. Q: Please explain difference between the two sentences? Am I not able to take my own decision? Cannot I take my own decision? - Are they both correct? A: Am I not able to take my own decision? = Ø E Ωgߪ ç ØË BÆæ -éó-ñ«- Ø?= Stating that Ææ Ω-üΔí îëêæc... Hobby What you say makes sense Bhaskar, Visakhapatnam. Q: Sir, how to use 'make sense'? A: What you say makes sense = What you say is right / wise. (Å Ωnç ÖçC) What you say doesn't make sense = What you say is meaningless / nonsense (Å Ωnç æ Ωnç ü.) Q: I am watching movie on / over the TV. - Is this correct? A: I am watching a movie on the TV - Correct. - Paddu Sambangi Q: Sir, when we spell a word there are some letters (E, I, J) comes silent, whether the word comes first, middle or end, like MEI- JER etc. How to identify those spellings, spell correctly and be familiar. - Please clarify. A: There are no rules about which letter coming where should be pronounced or is silent. It is all a matter of usage ( úø éπ.) - Murali, Uday. He is off duty today. Q: Sir, please explain different usages of 'off' with examples. Also please explain the use of 'by means of'. A: Why don't you refer to the dictionary? Any good dictionary will give you the different meanings and use of, 'off'. Anyway here are the meanings for off. Off = 1) Away from a place or position, especially the present. Eg: He drove off (away from the present place) at great speed (ÅN ûª Ëí çûó ûó èπ çô ÁRx- Ú-ߪ úø.) 2) The boy ran off with my book (took my book and ran away) ( ƒj- Ú-ߪ úø ) 3) Going away - ( ÁRx- Ú- úøç). She is off (going away) to the US next week. 4) Sometime in future - (Ææ ü Ω μºn- æu-ûª h apple Öçúøôç). Our exams are very far off = our exams are not now but much later 5) Away from - (ü Ωçí Öçúøôç). The place is twenty km off Mumbai (20 km away from Mumbai) 6) Not at work - ( æe- -èπ çú Öçúøôç). He is off duty today = He is not at work today. 7) Discount - (ûªt_ç æ üμ Ω). Goods in that store are sold at 30% off (discount), and, 8) Remove - (ûì -Tç-îªúøç) The wheels are off (removed). By means of = i) with the help of, ii) using Eg: i) Water can be supplied for agriculture by means of dams. (With the help of dams, water can be supplied for agriculture) ii) Even very heavy things can be lifted by means of (using) a crane. - Kanike Veerashekar Q: Sir, what is the difference between hobby and habit? A: There is a lot of difference between the two. A hobby is what you do for pleasure (Ææ Ω-üΔí ç îëêæc.) For example, photography, stamp collection, coin and currency collection - these are all hobbies, which people do for pleasure. A habit on the other hand is what you do regularly, and which you cannot discontinue easily (Å - ô / uææ ç) - a habit may be either good or bad. For example, getting up early in the morning, timely eating of food, etc are all good habits. Drinking, smoking, etc are all bad habits. - Batta Ramakrishna, Nellore. Q: Sir, what is the meaning of Numero uno? A: Number one.

2 -Ç-C- Ωç 8 -- Ë 2016 Ñ-Ø -úø  j«-ü - «-ü Batta Ramakrishna, Southmopur. Q: Sir, please explain difference among the following three words? 1) Kudos 2) Congrats 3) Hats off A: Kudos = Admiration / appreciation from the public a person gets for some achievement. (ûá í - apple μ«ˇ «.) Kudos to him for his wonderful action in the movie. Congrats / congratulations = Personally appreciating a person for their achievement. (ÅGμ- ç-ü -.) Congratulations on your being selected for IAS. Hats off = Praise or thank a person for doing something helpful ( Á îª a-éó- úøç/ éπ%ûªïcûª ûá - æúøç.) - Hats off to Ramu for arranging the dinner in such a short period. Q: Wet your whistle - Please explain the meaning of the sentence. A: Have / take liquor (û í úøç.) Let me wet my whistle before we go out in the hot sun. Q: Long jump event will be held at the corner of the ground. Students will report to the teacher concern. - Is this correct sentence? A: The correct sentence is: Long jump event will be... Students will report to the teacher concerned. Q: Please tell me the meaning of phrase "more of one and no less of others." A: More of one and no fewer of others - correct = More of one thing, and the other, same as or more than the other thing. - Bogi Ramana Q: Sir, please explain the differences among teaser, first look and trailer. A: A teaser is a single scene of the movie shown before the release of the movie. First look is the first wall-poster of the movie released by the producers. A trailer is longer than a teaser and may have a number of scenes from the movie. Kudos to him... Kudos to him for his wonderful action in the movie. - Y. Vamsi, Hyderabad. Q: Sir, please elucidate the following words. 1. Pseudonym 2. Demonym 3. Eponym 4. Spoonerism 5. Solecism 6. Cacology A: Pseudonym = A false name or a pen name writers use mostly (éπ ç-ê Ω «çöà--c.) Demonym = A word used for the people living in a place - Indians for the people living in India, the British for the people living in Britain, etc. ( μ«ω-b-ߪ, ÇçÍíx-ߪ Èíj ) Eponym = A person's name given to their discovery. (äéπ uéàh éπ -èπ \- o- -Åç-»-EéÀ ÖçúË Åûª-E Ê Ω.) Eg: Ohm - Unit of electrical resistance - the name of the scientist 'Ohm'. Spoonerism = Mixing up of words in a phrase. Eg: Instead of saying, 'cock crowing and girl blushing' (éóúõ èπÿߪ úøç, Å t Æœí _- æúøôç) if we say, 'Girl crowing and cock blushing' (Å t èπÿߪ úøç, éóúõ Æœí _- æúøôç), it is spoonerism. È çúø Åçûª-éπçõ áèπ \ Ö o æüδ applex äéπ æü ç äéπ μ«í Eo È çúó æüδ-eéà îë Ωaúøç. Solecism = A grammatical error Cacology = Using the wrong words and pronouncing wrongly. (ÅÆæç-ü - Ωs - Á i ô, ûª æ púø Öî a- Ωù.) - Navarapu Vijaykumar, Nalgonda. Q: Sir, please explain different usages of 'cut' with examples. A: The usual meaning - to break something with a sharp instrument, usually a knife, and separate it into two or more parts.(éóߪ úøç.) Eg: He cut the bread into slices. Reduce. (éì Ωûª  ôdúøç/ ûªt_ç-îªúøç.) Eg: The boss cut his salary for the days he was absent without leave. Cut a deck of cards (Ê éπ- éπ\ éπôd éóߪ úøç) Bunk class (cut class) = úõ áíì_-ôdúøç Asking somebody to stop talking - cut that out ( ö«x-úøôç Ç æ- - úøç.) There are a number of phrasal verbs like cut down, cut out, cut through, etc. Refer to a dictionary for the meanings of these expressions. - U.R.L Rao - Baratam Prathap Kumar, Srikakulam. Q: Sir, how to ask time to someone in English in polite way? A: What time is it, please? / Could you please tell me the time? - B.Venkata ramana, Pendurti. Q: My son is studying class VI. Kindly inform the steps and guidelines to improve the command on language, interest and skills. A: Make him read short story books in English, and talk to him as far as possible in English. Let him watch English news telecasts once a day. 1. Objective = i) Goal (- éπ~uç) Eg: My objective is to become a software engineer in a famous company. ii) (of a person) Not influenced by personal feelings or emotions / impartial ( uéàh-í ûª ÅGμ-, üëy ƒ- ûó EN ûªhç èπ çú / E- ƒp-éà~-éπçí.) Eg: I want your objective estimate of Chandrababu Naidu's performance as a Chief Minister. ( êu- çva îªçvü - «- -Ø -ߪ úø ƒ á «ÖçüÓ E- ƒp-éà~-éπçí / ÅGμ-, üëy ƒ v æ μ«ç èπ çú îá æ p). DEéÀ ua-í éπç Subjective. 2. Subjective = based on personal feelings or likes and dislikes (ÅGμ-, üëy ƒ- ûó v æ μ«-nûª- Á i.) Subjective Objective Eg: His estimate of the star's performance in the movie is totally subjective as he is the fan of the other star. (Åûª ÉçéÓ û Ω ÅGμ- E Å - ç-ü - x Ñ ÆœE- apple éπü Δ-Ø -ߪ -èπ úõ ô- í Jç* Åûª E- ƒp-éà~-éπ- Á i ÅGμ-v ƒßª ç É y- úø ). - Krishna T Q: Sir, What is the meaning of 'plight' and how to use it? A: A difficult or a dangerous situation (--ü Æœ--n-A.) The plight of the children who have lost their parents is pitiable. Q: What is the meaning of 'laxity'? A: Negligence (ÖÊ éπ~/ æöàdç-îª -éó-éπ- Ú- úøç.) The laxity of the officers in checking corruption is surprising (ÅN-F--AE Åü - æ -îë-ߪ -úøç apple ÅCμ-é - Ω ÖÊ éπ~ Ç a- Ωuçí ÖçC.) Q: Where to use 'ironically'? A: Different from or opposite to what we expect. I thought he would help me, but ironically, I had to help him. ( ç îá- - ûª o/ Å -èπ ç-ô o üδeéà N Ω -ü l çí ï Ω-í úøç.) - S. Sandeep, Visakhapatnam. Q: Sir, please explain the following idioms with usage. (a) The small hours. (b) Take a leaf out of one's book (c) Draw a long bow (d) Pros and cons (e) Brazen-faced man A: a) The early hours of the morning - from 2 AM till 6 or 7 AM. b) Follow somebody's example. We should take a leaf out of Gandhi's book. (äéπ-je Çü - Ωzçí BÆæ -éó- úøç.) c) To exaggerate. He drew the long bow of the entertainment value of the movie (Ö oc áèπ \ í îëæœ îá æpúøç íó Ωç-ûª éìçúøç-ûª îëæœ îá æpúøç.) d) The advantages and disadvantages of something (äéπ-üδe ç*-îá-úø / «μº- - ƒd.) e) Unashamedly bold man (Æœí _ áí _ èπ çú x-éà æ dç *a- ô d îëêæ- Ÿx.) 3. Immune = i) Not affected by certain diseases (éìeo uüμ - E Ó-CμçîË éàh Ö o.) Eg: Polio vaccine makes children immune to polio. Immune Susceptible / vulnerable ( ucμ E Ó-üμ éπ éàh éπ- Ú- úøç.) ii) Protect or exempted from any rule or the effects of something (éìeo E ç-üμ - Jhç-îªE ÆœnA.) Eg: Foreign ambassadors in a country are immune to the law of the country they function in. (äéπ üë ç- applee NüËQ ߪ - «- Ω - Ç üë E ç-üμ - - èπ ÅB-ûª.) 4. Allege = Claim or complain that somebody has done something against law (á -È jø àüájø îªôd-n- Ω -ü l çí îë»- ΩE Ç Ó- œç-îªúøç, Ω V èπ çú.) Eg: They allege that he committed the murder of the child yesterday (Åûªúø E o Ç Gúøf æ«ûªu îë»-úøe Ÿx Åçô -Ø o Ω Ω V Å - ü.) 5. Occur = i) Happen (Ææç μº-nç-îªúøç.) Eg: The earthquakes occur frequently in South-east Asian countries. ii) To be found ( Gμç-îªúøç.) Eg: Gold occurs in South Africa. 'Small hours' -Åç-õ -...? I had had a bike before I bought this car. - Murali Katakam Q: Sir, could you explain where we use "Have had and Had had" structures in Telugu examples. A: a) Having something sometime in the past (Time not stated.) Eg: I have had a car (in the past, but not clear when exactly) (Ø èπÿ é Ω ÖçúËC á æ púø ÖçúËüÓ éπ*a-ûªçí îá æpúøç ü.) b) Having something from sometime in the past till now. (éìçûª-é ç -Íé-üÁjØ Öçúøôç) Eg: I have had a car for the past two years. (= starting two years ago till now / even now í ûª È çúë- Ÿxí Ø èπ é Ω ÖçC.) c) If you use, just / just now, action just completed: Eg: I have just had a cup of coffee, I don't want anymore. (é É æ púë -û í -, ÉçéÌü l.) 'Had had' is the past perfect tense of 'have' - tells us of our possessing something, before we possessed something else. Eg: I had had a bike before I bought this car. (Till sometime ago I had a bike. Later I bought this car.) (Ñ é Ω éì -éπ- çü Ø èπ jé ÖçúËC È çúõç-öàf éπlt Öçúø-ôç apple, Á ü - öà-üδeo éπlt Öçúø-ö«Eo had had apple -îá- --û ç).

3 - -Ç-C- Ωç Ë 2016 Ñ-Ø -úø  j«-ü - «-ü 2 - Dr. K. S. Raja Rao Q: Sir, please explain different meanings of the word UPFRONT in Telugu and English and its usage. A: a) At the front of something / in front of something. (- - ç-ü ç-úø -ôç) 889 Eg: He usually plays upfront in all the foot-ball games his team plays. b) Payment in advance (Åú yø q É yúøç) - The building owner demands two months' rent upfront (as advance.) c) Bold, honest and frank (üμáj Ωuçí, téπçí, Eñ«-ߪ -Bí Öçúøôç) - He is always upfront (honest, frank and bold) in his dealings with others. Q: Explain about get start / get started usage. A: Explain is not followed by 'about' - your question should be, explain 'get start' etc. a) Get start - this is a wrong expression. We don't use it. Get started = Begin (v ƒ Ωç-Gμç-îªúøç). Eg: Come on, get started on your preparation for the exam. Q: Sir, please translate the below sentences in English. Certain,Sure - -üμ - u -ûë -ú..? i) - æ -E - Á -ü -  -ôdç-úõ/ æ -E- apple-éà -Cí ç-úõ. ii) - -úõéà -Åç-ûª Æ -Ø - -ü. A: i) Start the work / Get down to work. ii) He is not capable of that. - Alia S Q: What is the difference between "think and believe"? A: Think means to use your mind and have an opinion and idea. (Å -éó- úøç/ Ç apple-*ç-îªúøç.) Eg: I think he will help me. (= I have an opinion / idea that he will help me. Believe means to think that something is right or wrong, or somebody is good or bad - form an idea about something or somebody. ( túøç.) Eg: I believe what he says = I think what he says is true. (Åûª îá œpçc ØË t-ûª - Ø o.) Q: What is the difference between "certain and sure"?. A: Certain = sure = having no doubt about something (éπ*a-ûªçí ). I am sure / certain it will rain today. 1) Obscure = a) Unknown (á -Jéà ûál-ߪ E) Eg: He lives in an obscure little village. Obscure Famous / Well-known. b) Not easily understood (Åçûª Ææ - í Å Ωnç é E) Eg: i) Some modern artist's paintings are obscure. ii) Her writings are obscure. (-Ç- Á Ωîª- Åçûª Ææ - í Å Ωnç é.) Obscure Obvious (Easily understood - (ûëô-ûá- xçí Ö o.) 2) Illusion = A false impression (v μº / ߪ ) Eg: He was under the illusion his sons would support him in his old age. ( %üδl - æuç apple ûª éìúø -èπ ûª îª ƒh- ΩØË v μº apple ÖçúË- -ú -ߪ.) Illusion Reality ( Ææh ç) 3) Competent = Efficient and capable ( ƒ Ωnu- o.) Eg: The boss has chosen him for the job because he is competent at doing such things. Competent Incompetent / inept ( ƒ - Ωnuç- E) 4) Complacent = Pleased with your achievements and not desiring anything more. ( ƒcμç-* üδeûó Ææçûª% œh æúøôç.) Eg: She is quite complacent about her marks and has no intention of working harder to score better. Complacent Discontented / dissatisfied / restless (-ÅÆæç--ûª% œhí -Öç-úø-ôç) 5) Venture = a) A new activity, usually a business, which is risky. (éìûªh u æéπç, - í äéπ u ƒ Ω v æߪ ûªoç.) Eg: They want to start two or three ventures in the new capital area of AP. b) Do something that is risky (v æ -ü -éπ- Ω- Á i æe Å Ø üμáj ΩuçûÓ îëߪ úøç.) Eg: She was the first woman to venture into outer space. ( ƒ æ«-ææçûó/ v æ -üδ- éπ\-îë-ߪ -èπ çú Åçûª-J-éπ~ç- appleéà ÁRx Á ü öà œ«ç Á.) Venture Play safe (avoid taking risks - v æ -ü -éπ- Ω- Á i v æߪ -û o îëߪ -èπ çú Öçúøôç.) - Upender Katabathini É æ púø -ï Ω í -ûª ç-õ.. being Q: Sir, please explain the meaning and usage of the following words. 1) Chutzpah 2) Abate A: 1) Pronounced 'hutspa' = shockingly shameless behaviour (Æœí _-áí _ èπ çú èπ ûó* Nüμ çí àü - -èπ çõ ÅC îëߪ úøç.) 2) Abate = to be reduced. (-ûªí _-úøç) - -The floods have abated. ( Ω-ü ûªí _.) The heat this season shows no sign of abating (Ñ Ææ -ߪ ç apple áçúø ûªí _- êç æõ d Ææ îª- éπe- œç-îªúøç ü.) - Jyoshna Reddy Q: Sir please explain the differences between the two sentences. 1) Interpersonal and soft skills 2) Intellectual and spiritual A: 1) They are both more or less the same. They include Communication skills, Decision-making, Self-motivation, Leadership ability, Team working, Creativity and Problem-solving, and Time management. 2) Intellectual means connected with our intellect ( Ë ü Ææ qèπ Ææç ç-cμç-* ). Spiritual means connected with our soul, like, our good qualities, and our sense of morals, etc. (ÇüμΔu-At-éπ- Á i.) - Ramesh, Nalgoda Q: Sir please translate the following sentence in Telugu. "The police launched a manhunt for them with three parties 'being' sent towards Nizamabad". A: The police have started searching for the men in a big way (= launched a manhunt) with their sending three parties towards Nizamabad. ( ÚM-Ææ Eñ«- - «-ü èπ úø ïôx æç œç* x-éóææç  ü l-á-ûª h- Áûªéπ-úøç Á ü - - ö«d Ω.) Q: Sir, please give the different kinds of examples using the word 'being'. A: I am being confused = Something / someone is confusing me - NOW. (É æ púø ØËoüÓ í çü - Ω-íÓ- «-EéÀ í J-îË- ÚhçC.) He is being punished (Åûªúø PéÀ~çîª- -úø -ûª - Ø oúø É æ púø ) = Someone is punishing him (Right NOW.) They are being sent out of class ( x ߪ - ôèπ æç œç-îë-ææ h-ø o Ω É æ púø ) = The teacher is sending them out of the class - NOW. Is being confused, is being punished, etc., are the passive forms of am / is / are confusing - actions taking place NOW. Q: Sir, please give example sentences in using the following words: i) in which ii) for which iii) after which iv) by which v) with which A: i) This is the box in which I keep my money. (à  õ d apple Å ûë ØË úø s  úøû ØÓ ÅC.) ii) This is the property for which the two brothers are fighting. (à ÇÆœh éóææ- Á iûë) iii) üëe ûª y-ûáj-ûë: Sankranthi is the festival after which the course of the sun changes. iv) üëe üδy Å ûë: This is the method by which you can solve the problem easily. v) üëeûó Å ûë: This is the gun with which he killed his enemy. - Y. Vamsi, Hyderabad. Q: Sir, please corroborate the following sentences. 1) Bag of whole tricks. 2) Name of the game. 3) Eager Beaver. 4) School of hard knocks. 5) A for effort. 6) Give the game away. A: 1) A whole bag of tricks (not, 'a bag of whole tricks') = All methods / all tricks / all techniques - used to achieve something. Eg: I have used my whole bag of tricks to make my father agree to my marrying that girl but I failed. 2) Name of the game = the most important part / the most important quality that you need. Eg: The name of the game to succeed in any competitive exam is real hard work and the guidance of experts. 3) Eager beaver = a person who is ready to work hard. Eg: He is an eager beaver and is sure to succeed in the civil services exam. 4) School of hard knocks = learning things in a difficult and unpleasant manner. Eg: He did not have a proper education, but learnt things from the school of hard knocks and became the prime minister of the country. 5) A for effort = Praising somebody for trying hard to do something, though without success. Eg: You could not do the job well, but I will give you an 'A for your effort' (Praise you for trying hard) 6) Give the game away = tell / reveal to others a plan / secret and spoil the surprise. Eg: We wanted to surprise her by pretending not to know it was her birthday, but Ram gave the game away (told her about our plans.) - Madhu Thota Q: Sir, I would like to learn spoken English. But I am not understanding from where to start. Can you please suggest me a way to learn Spoken English? A: Begin talking in English to people who know and understand English. Read short story books, English news papers, and watch English news telecasts.

4 -Ç-C- Ωç Ë 2016 Ñ-Ø -úø  j«-ü - «-ü ) Vital = a) Absolutely (totally / completely) necessary / extremely important (éã -éπ- Á i / ÅA êu- Á i ). Eg: A strong opposition is vital to the proper functioning of a democracy. (v æñ«- ƒy uç ÆæJí _ æeîëߪ çõ - Á i v æa- æéπ~ç î «Å -Ææ Ωç / éã éπç.) b) Important for living. ( A-Íéç-ü èπ Å -Ææ- Ω- Á i ) Eg: i) The heart is a vital organ (organ - Šߪ ç) - important for life of the human body. ii) Oxygen is vital for life (v ƒù- -EéÀ î «Å -Ææ- Ω- Á içc.) Vital Unimportant (Åçûª Å -Ææ Ωç - -E)/ inessential 2) Constant = a) Unchanging / steady (E -éπúøí Ö o/ E a- - Á i / Ω p- E.) Eg: His body temperature has been constant for the past two days. (ÅûªE K Ω Ö Úg-ví ûª í ûª È çúø ÓV- í E -éπ-úøí ÖçC  «îª a-ûª-í _ èπ çú.) b) Unchangingly faithful (E a- - -N-üμË-ߪ -ûª) Eg: Lakshmana remained a constant -Batta Ramakrishna, Southmopur. Q: What is the difference between 'envelope and envelop'? A: 'Envelop' is a verb which means to cover something / somebody in something. Mothers envelop their babies in soft clothes. Eg: a) Mothers envelop (cover) their babies in soft clothes. b) Clouds envelop (cover) the tops of tall mountains. 'Envelope' on the other hand is a noun = cover usually made of paper in which we send letters, parcels, etc. - D. Mahesh, Guntur. Q: "India's help has been sought for development of infrastructure or amenities in the sites that form part of the Ramayana circuit". - In the above quoted lines why they are using HAS BEEN? Please let me know different uses of has been. A: The verb in the sentence is, not 'has been' as you think, but 'has been sought' (has been + PP / V3) - Passive voice. 'Sought' here is the PP (V3) of seek = ask for. Has been + V3 is the passive form of has / have + V3 (PP). This verb is used for a past action, time not stated. Has been = éìçûª-é ç éàçü öà ç* É æpöà Ωèπ Öçúøôç. (Used with he, she and it.) His body temperature has been constant. follower of his brother Rama. (ûª Å o Å -úõe éπ~ t-ù úø Åîªç-îª NüμË-ߪ - ûªûó Å -Ææ-Jç-î úø.) Constant Fickle (îª æ *ûªhç)/ fluctuating (éπ~ù-éπ~-ù«-eéã Í )/ unsteady (E -éπúø E) Eg: He is fickle and changes his mind every minute. (Åûª îª æ- -*-ûª húø Åçü Íé EN æ EN - ƒ-eéà ÅûªE Ææ Ω ûª Öçô çc.) 3) Greedy = Avaricious / Desiring too much (ü Ö o / Çvûªç Ö o) (Greed = Avarice = ü ) Eg: Most politicians in India are greedy for power and wealth = μ«ω-ûª-üë- ç- applee î «çc ï-éã-ߪ -Ø -ߪ -èπ ÅCμ-é Ωç æôx, úø s æôx ü Ö o- Ïx. Greedy Generous (Liberal) (-Ö-üΔ Ω í ùç Ö o) Eg: Karna was very generous in granting - Venkat NJ Q: Sir, please tell me the meaning of the sentences... Ramu left for town & Raghu left to village. A: Left for = V2 / past tense of leave for = start for a place = ( ߪ üëj Á xúøç.) 'Leave' and so 'left' are always followed by 'for' and never by 'to'. So Raghu left to the village is wrong. It should be left for the village. - Vamsi Yalamanchili, Hyderabad. Q: Sir, please explain different usages of these words "Subtle" and "Prompt" with examples. A: 'Subtle' has a number of meanings: a) Not easily understood (Åçûª Ææ - í Å Ωnç é E) - There is a subtle difference in meaning between the two words clever and sharp (intelligent). (Ææ - í Å Ωnç é E ûëú ) b) Not easily seen - The room was filled with subtle lighting. (Ææ - í éπe- œç-îªe Ç í C- appleéà Á í á «Ææ hçüó ûál-ߪ ü.) c) Cunning and crafty ( Á Ææ- æ -J-ûª- Á i ) - He has subtle plans to take over as the next chief minister. Prompt has more than one meaning.. Look at the following: a) Without delay - punctually. He is very prompt in attending to his duty. b) Encourage someone to do something ( æ J-íÌ- púøç): The desire for quick profits prompted him to sell poor quality goods at very high rates. (ûªy Ωí «μ«í úõç-î - ØË éójéπ ÅûªEo Ø Æœ- Ωéπç Ææ h- - áèπ \ üμ Ω- èπ Å Ë tçü èπ æ J-íÌ-LpçC.) others' wishes. (éπ Ω gúø Éûª- Ω éój-éπ- B Ωaúøç apple -Ö-üΔ Ω í ùç Ö o- úø.) 4) Glitter = Shine brilliantly (usually with reflected light - ûª -ûª Á J-Æœ- Ú- úøç) Eg: The silver plate is glittering in the bright light of the sun (Ç ÁçúÕ æ Îxç Ææ Ωu-é ç-a apple üμ í -üμ í Á J-Æœ- Ú-ûÓçC.) Glitter Dullness ( Á Ω æ E) Eg: The dullness of the old aluminium plate was the opposite of the glittering of the silver plate. 5) Gloomy = Dark and poorly lit, causing depression (E éπl-tçîë * Ω <éπöà) Eg: a) The room was so gloomy that we could not see anything clearly. ( Ë ç ào Ææp æ dçí îª úø - - çûª <éπ-öàí ÖçüΔ í C.) Gloomy bright (v æé - - ç-ûª- Á i ) b) With all his near and dear dead, he led a gloomy life. (ûª - - xç-ü Ω Ú -úøçûó Åûª î «E -»-éπ- Ω- Á Eo í úõ- ƒúø.) Gloom = Darkness / Depression (<éπöà/ E ) Eg: a) Not much could be seen in that gloom. (Ç <éπöapplex Åçûªí ào éπe- œç-îªúøç ü ) b) His wife died filling his life with gloom. Eo E - ûó Eç æ ûª ÅûªE μ«ωu - îª--e Ú çc.) v æߪ -Aoç-* --îª ÊÆh... Look c) Supply a line or a word an actor has forgotten. Such a lengthy dialogue cannot be delivered without prompting from the wings of the stage. ( Ωçí -Ææn- ç -O ü Ö o öã- -ô - èπ Ææç μ«- æ-ù ÅçCçîªúøç stage Å -ûª æéπ\ ç*.) - E. Mahendra Nath Reddy Q: Could you please explain the difference between "see" and "look" with examples? A: 'See' means what appears to us when our eyes are open ( èπ éπe- œç-îªúøç). 'Look' means what we try to see ( ç v æߪ ûªoç îëæœ îª úøôç.) Eg: Look at the sky at night and you see the stars. (Çé ç Áj æ y îª ÊÆh, Fèπ éπ~-vû éπe- œ- ƒh.) Q: Sir, let me know the meaning of watch and see. Is there is any difference? A: To watch is to look at something very closely / carefully. ( æk-éπ~í í -Eç-îªúøç). For 'see' see above. Q: Sir, I had heard that the synonyms of the word "confusion" was given as "At sea" and "At fix." Explain how the words "At sea and At fix" were the synonyms of word "confuse?" A: 'At sea' = confused = not know what to do / not able to decide what to do = in a fix (not at fix). So you see that confused = not know what to do = at sea = in a fix. (Åöapple Éöapple ûë a-éó- éπ Ú úøç.) Eg: I am in a fix whether to continue in the present job in my home town or go for a better job at a distant place. (Not able to decide = confused = at sea) Federation, Union - --üμ u --ûë-ú -à-n -öà? - N. Tirupathi Rao Q: Sir, please say the difference between federation and union. A: A federation is a group of states not necessarily of the same group of people loosely held together by a central authority. The member states in a federation can secede (separate) anytime they like. (éìeo üë» Ææ êu Ç üë» applex äíé ÆæçÆæ\%A Ö o v æï Öçú -Lq Å -Ææ Ωç ü. öà applex à üë - Á iø á æ p-úájø NúÕ- Ú- îª a.) A union, on the other hand, is a group of states held together by a central government, with the states having no right to secede from the union. Further though each state may have its own government, the central government is more powerful than any of the states. Matters such as defense, foreign policy, etc., are in the domain of the central government. (éìeo ƒz / üë» éπ - -éπûó à Ωp-úÕ Ææçߪ éπh üë ç. Ç éπ - éπ ç* ƒz NúÕ- ÚßË Å -é ç ü. v æa ƒz-eéà v æ μº ûªyç Ö o- æp-öàéã éìeo N æ-ߪ vûªç Íéçvü v æ μº ûªyç ÇDμ- ç appleøë Öçö«.) - Thirumaleswararao Bitra, Hyderabad. Q: Sir, can you tell me about the adjective of afraid? I request to know the sentence formation with Telugu meaning. A: 'Afraid' itself is an adjective = 1) Having fear / anxiety. Eg: a) The little girl is afraid of cats. b) The mother is afraid that something has happened to her son. I am afraid that he did not pass. 2) Suspect (ÆæçüË- œ«ç-îªúøç) Eg: I am afraid that he did not pass. (Ø ÆæçüË æ«ç úø ƒææ- y- -ü E.) 3) Apologize. Eg: I am afraid I don't understand. Could you explain it again? (éπ~n çîªçúõ, ÅC Sx N -J- ƒh?) - Divyaseshasree Deevi Q: Sir, please define the words and give an example. 1) Forlorn 2) Chicanery A: Forlorn = a) Alone, unhappy and not cared for (á J ƒeo- œ«-ûªu éπ, îª Ææ -èπ ØË Îx- y Ω éπ äçô-jí Öçúøôç.) Living alone in her home the old woman led a forlorn life. b) A 'forlorn place' is a place which not many people go to. A forlorn little village = a little village very few know and go to. Chicanery = Deceiving people by talking and behaving cleverly ( ߪ ô- ûó, æ - ûó, Éûª- Ω - Á Ææ-Tç-îªúøç.) Eg: Most Indian politicians indulge in chicanery to gain power and wealth.

5 - -Ç-C- Ωç Ë 2016 Ñ-Ø -úø  j«-ü - «-ü Host = i) One who organizes a programme (like discussions, etc) on the TV. (TV, Radio applex îª Ωa-, Éûª Ω é Ωu-véπ- E Ωy- œ«çîë uë«u-ûª - anchors.) Eg: Mr Prakash hosts the programme of current affairs discussions on the TV Channel. ii) One who has guests = ÇAü uç ÉîËa Ω. All his partners are attending a party this evening. The managing partner will be the host. Eg: He was the host of / played host to the party that we attended yesterday. (E o ç ÁRx ƒkdéà Çߪ ÇAü uç œ«çî úø.) Host Guests (ÅA-ü ) iii) A large number (-ÅÆæç-ë«uéπ- Á i - ) - There is a host of books on the subject (-Ç -N- æ ߪ ç -O -ü -ÅÆæç-ë«uéπ- Á i - æ Ææhé - -Ö-Ø o.) Host few (üδüδ æ E) 2. Elite = A special class of society, especially the richest, the most powerful, and the most educated class of society. ( ƒ ->éπçí Ö o-ûª-v Ï-ùÀéÀ îáçc éàh- ç-ûª, NüΔu-Cμèπ Å üμ Eéπ _-EéÀ îáçc- - Ω.) Eg: Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India was a member of the elite class. Elite Common / ordinary 3. Reveal = Open to view / show (îª œç-îªúøç, ߪ -ô-â -ôdúøç) Eg: a) When the curtain was drawn the idol of the God was revealed. b) He revealed the secret to his close friend, though he had promised to his wife that he would not reveal it. Reveal Conceal (üδîªúøç) 4. Ensure = Guarantee (ê Ω îëߪ úøç) Eg: Please ensure (= make sure) that we get the tickets for the show. Ensure Invalidate (éπ-*a-ûªçí îá æp- -éπ- Ú- úøç) 5. Enable = Help somebody do something (Ææ æ -ߪ æ-úøôç.) Eg: The scholarship enabled him to continue his studies. Enable Prevent - Hemanth Saikiran Q: Sir, I saw a sentence in news paper like this "the panel had suggested that the subscribers will purchase a dwelling unit with loans from the bank." I think this is in indirect speech but he didn't use would in the place of will - please tell me why? A: The correct sentence is: The panel suggested that the subscribers would purchase a dwelling unit with loans from banks. Here the question of direct and indirect speech doesn't arise. This is reporting a recommendation made by the panel. When, While - -üμ u -ûë-ú..? - N. Tirupati Rao, Bobbili. Q: Could you please advice the way to improve writing skills and suggest the books for it. A: Practising writing is the only way to improve writing skills. Read the newspaper. Take a topic (in the beginning light ones) and write your opinions on the topic. Compare your writing with what is written in the newspaper. This will help you to know where you have gone wrong. Or take the help of a person who knows English and show it to them. Take their suggestions. There are a good number of books in the market on writing skills. I will recommend some books next time. Read them and follow what is suggested there. Q: Sir, thanks for explaining the difference between federation and union. But my doubt here is those words are used in the teachers unions i.e., APTF, UTF, STU AND PRTU. Some unions use the word federation and some use union. In this regard how we can apply your answer here. - Please explain. -äíé -Ö-î a Ω-ù -Öç-õ.. Homophones - E. Subba Simha Reddy, Badvel. Q: Sir, I would like to know about the details of HOMOPHONES and their uses with some examples. A: Two or more words having different spellings, different meanings but the same pronunciations are 'Homophones'. Eg: 1) Bare (Cí ç- - Ω- Á i ) and bear ( μºjç-îªúøç/ á -í - çöà) 2) Cent ( çü ) and scent (Ææ -Ææ ) 3) Lead (Æ Ææç apple æ«ç) and led (üδj îª ƒ Ω ) 4) There (Åéπ\úø) and their ( x/ öà), etc. - K. Visweswara rao, Srikakulam. Q: Sir, please explain difference between insolvent and bankruptcy. And Vijaya mallya related to which one? A: Insolvency is the inability of an individual or a company is unable to pay back their debts. 'Bankruptcy' is a court, legally declaring that a person / company cannot repay its debts because of losses and other reasons, that is, they are insolvent. - Katiki Venkat Q: Sir, please tell me the difference between 'inequity' and 'iniquity'. A: Inequity = Injustice / unfairness. (ÅØ uߪ ç) Iniquity = Immoral or grossly unfair. (ÅN-F- A-éπ Ωç/ ÅØ uߪ ç.) A: Teachers' union means an association of teachers. APTF is Andhra Pradesh Teachers' Federation = A number of teachers' unions forming a single association temporarily for a purpose. UTF = United Teachers' Federation - again a number of associations joining to achieve something. So is the case with UTF. STU = State Teachers' Union (only one). PRTU = Panchayat Raj Teachers' Union. - Keerthi, Nandigama. Q: Sir, please tell me which of the following sentences is correct and explain why? 1) I wish, I DON'T have to do the exercise. 2) I wish, I WEREN'T have to do the exercise. A: The first sentence is correct. It means that the speaker of the sentence wishes not to have to do the exercise - now/ in the future. ( uߪ ç èπ çú Öçõ É æ púø áçûª- «- í ç-ô çc!) The second sentence is wrong. Its correct form is: I wish I didn't have to do the exercise = The speaker is doing the exercise but wishes that he didn't have the need to do it. ( uߪ ç éπ- Ú-ߪ çõ í ûªç apple áçûª «í ç-úëc.) - M. Hanumanth Q: Let me know is the below sentence is correct or not? 'I was in time'. Can we use in as preposition to describe that I was before scheduled time? A: I was in time (for the function) = I was earlier than the time of the function. I was on time = I was exactly at the time that the function began. When you say, 'I was before the scheduled time', there is no need for any preposition. - Revathi Krishna Q: Sir, please explain the difference between ego and self-respect. A: Ego is a feeling of self-importance and superiority - trying to prove you are superior to others - this is a negative quality. (-Å æ«ç- μ«- ç) Self-respect, on the other hand, is not allowing others to ill treat you or insult you, and trying to prove that you are as good as others. (Çûªt-íı- Ω ç) - Sudeep Q: Sir, please explain the difference between 'while' and 'when', and in which situations we use these words? A: When and while are more or less the same. However, there is one difference. When we talk of one long action and one short action at the same time, we use, 'When'. Eg: When the teacher entered the class, they stopped quarrelling. While is used when we speak of two longer actions. Eg: While he was singing, she was dancing. - T. Mohan Krishna, Kadapa. Q: Sir could you please explain the differences among the following words: 1) Sentence 2) Phrase 3) Transitive verb 4) Intransitive verb A: Sentence: A sentence is a group of words with complete meaning. Eg: He is here - this group of words has complete meaning, so it is a sentence. Phrase: A phrase is a group of worlds without a verb. Eg: In the evening, after school hours, etc. Transitive: We have explained these terms a number of times. However, we are explaining them again: A verb with an object is a transitive verb. That is, if you put the question 'whom' (á -JE?) or 'what' (-üë-eo?) to the verb and get an answer it is TRANSITIVE. Examples: a) He met her yesterday. The verb here is, met. Met whom (á -JE?) We get the answer met her. So the verb 'met' here is transitive. b) She bought a dress yesterday. In this sentence the verb is 'bought'. She bought what (üëeo?) - You get the answer, a dress. So the verb, 'bought' is transitive too. Intransitive: A verb without an object is an intransitive verb. Put the question 'whom' or 'what' to the verb. If you don't get an answer the verb is intransitive. Eg: We go there every day. The verb here is 'go'. Go what (üëeo Á xúøç?) / go whom (á -JE Á xúøç?) you get no answer. So 'went' (go) is intransitive. - T. Krishna Q: Sir, what is the meaning of Pavlovian? A: Connected with Pavlov, the famous Russian psychologist, very famous for his theory on psychological conditioning. This is psychology and cannot be explained here.