DANH ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ

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Georgiana Norton
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1 DANH ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ ID: LINK XEM VIDEO Infinitive and Gerund (Động từ nguyên thể và danh động từ) Useful Definitions Gerunds and infinitives are forms of verbs that act like nouns. They can follow adjectives and other verbs. Gerunds can also follow prepositions. A gerund (often known as an -ing word) is a noun formed from a verb by adding ing. Not all words formed with -ing are gerunds. e.g. I enjoy searching the Internet. An infinitive is to + the verb. e.g. To enter the university is my dream. How to Form Gerund? I enjoy playing the guitar. Sara is dreaming of becoming a teacher. My father has recently thought of traveling abroad. So GERUND is the ing form of the verb that acts as a NOUN To form negative gerunds, use not + gerund e.g. Not speaking Hebrew well is my biggest problem in this country. Do Not Confuse! There are some words that look like gerunds. However, they are NOT. Which ones are gerunds here? 1. Mary is going to the cinema this afternoon. 2. I enjoy reading books in the evening. 3. The movie was really boring. 4. The family is planning to go to Hanoi in the summer. Gerund As a Part of a Sentence - All gerunds can be the subject of a sentence. e.g. Breathing is necessary. Driving a car requires good vision. Helping other people makes me feel good. - A gerund can be a direct object. e.g. Daniel enjoys swimming more than spending time with his friends. - A gerund can be an indirect object. e.g. Daniel gives swimming all of his energy and time. - A gerund can be used as an object of preposition e.g. The police arrested him for speeding. After certain verbs Avoid enjoy miss recall appreciate finish oppose mind resist dislike prevent waste

2 1. I dislike (have) lunch with John. 2. Would you mind (answer) my question? 3. When will you finish (talk)? Verbs That Take Gerunds admit delay imagine practice advise deny involve reject allow dislike keep resist appreciate enjoy mention risk avoid escape mind can t help fancy miss suggest can t stand finish permit understand consider go postpone waste (time) Jim admitted (rob) the bank. Do you enjoy (play) tennis? She couldn t help (laugh). Verbs Followed by a Preposition and a Gerund approve of apologize for argue about be accused of be excited about be used to believe in blame for care about complain about concentrate on confess to count on depend on disapprove of discourage from dream about feel like forget about famous for insist on instead of interested in keep from look forward to object to plan on prevent from profit from refrain from succeed in take care about talk about think about worry about - As a object of a preposition A gerund can also be used as the object of a preposition. In this case, the gerund follows the preposition. My brother is thinking of (change) his job. She is fed up with (teach) English. I look forward to (see) you in the summer. I was interested in (paint). He persisted in (carry) out the plan.

After a possessive adjective or the possessive form of nouns Possessive adjective: my, our, your, his, her, its, their Possessive form of nouns: John s my brother s Example: Would you mind my using

g It is no use trying to make her change her mind. It is no good interfering with other people s business. 2) There is no e.g There is no joking about such matters.

3 After a possessive adjective or the possessive form of nouns Possessive adjective: my, our, your, his, her, its, their Possessive form of nouns: John s my brother s Example: Would you mind my using your book? Would you mind Joan s using your dictionary? Notes: The gerund is also used in the following constructions: 1) It is no use/ It is no good e.g It is no use trying to make her change her mind. It is no good interfering with other people s business. 2) There is no e.g There is no joking about such matters. There is no denying the fact that the Clean Hong Kong Campaign is a success. 3) It s worth / It s not worth E.g. Is the film worth seeing? It is not worth going to see that film. 4) It s a waste of money / time E.g. It s a waste of time writing the report. It s a waste of money buying the doll. 5 ) Have difficulty E.g. Mary has difficulty doing her Maths homework. I m sorry I m late. I had difficulty finding the place. 6 ) Go-ing E.g. Did you go shopping yesterday? How often do you go swimming in the summer? 7. Formed by adding not before it. Example: I apologize for not being able to see you off at the airport tomorrow. He resented not having been invited to the party. Gerund Is Also Used With:

How to Form an Infinitive? I want to eat lunch after class. I would like to visit Eilat in two weeks. The pupils have to present their projects tomorrow.

An Infinitive as a Part of a Sentence Infinitives and infinitive phrases can be both subjects and objects in sentences.

4 How to Form an Infinitive? I want to eat lunch after class. I would like to visit Eilat in two weeks. The pupils have to present their projects tomorrow. To form negative infinitives, use not + base form of the verb e.g. He decided not to go to the party. An Infinitive as a Part of a Sentence Infinitives and infinitive phrases can be both subjects and objects in sentences. Take a look at these examples: Verbs Followed by the Infinitive agree consent have offer start aim continue hesitate ought stop appear dare hope plan strive arrange decide hurry prefer swear ask deserve intend prepare threaten attempt detest leap proceed Try be able dislike leave promise beg expect like propose Wait begin fail long refuse Want care forget love say wish choose get mean shoot

5 condescend happen neglect Use Verbs Followed by an Object and an Infinitive advise choose have love remind allow command hire motivate require ask dare instruct order send beg direct invite pay teach bring encourage lead permit tell build expect leave persuade urge buy forbid let prepare want challenge force like promise warn e.g. Everyone expected her to win. Note: Some of these verbs are included in the list above and may be used without an object. Some Rules to Remember When more than one verb follows the above verbs, only the first verb needs to. e.g. When I go to Eilat this summer, I hope to visit many interesting places, go swimming and surfing, and generally have an unforgettable time. After the verbs seem, appear, and pretend we can use to be + V-ing or to have+ved e.g. She pretended to be reading. She seemed to have disappeared. Remember! After the following verbs we can use either the infinitive or object + infinitive want ask expect help mean=intend would like would prefer e.g. I want to be home early tonight. I wanted Gil to help me. I would like to drink a cup of coffee. I would like my friends to visit me. e.g. As soon as we left, the baby began to cry. As soon as we left, the baby began crying. Some Rules to Remember After certain verbs we can use either a gerund or an infinitive. These verbs are: begin, continue, hate, not stand/bear, intend, like, love, remember, start, stop, try. Verb: Need e.g. The students need to do these exercises. e.g. The car is broken. It needs fixing. e.g. You needn t hurry up. You don t have to hurry up. - Need + Infinitive = it is necessary to e.g. The students need to do these exercises. - Need + Gerund = need to be done - Needn t + base form is used as a modal e.g. You needn t hurry up. You don t have to hurry up.

6 The Base Form We use the base form (the infinitive without to): After the verbs make (force), let (allow) and have (get). Note that make, let and have are followed by object+ base form whereas force, allow and get are followed by object + infinitive (to + base form) e.g. They let us go home early. They allowed us to go home early. The teacher made the students stay after classes. He forced them to clean the classroom. to - inf. - Adjective followed by infinitive dangerous important rude good It s dangerous to walk home alone. To walk home along is dangerous. - Too and not enough He is too tired to work, he should take some rest. He is not tall enough to be a policeman. Infinitive:--bare - inf. (1) After auxiliary verb "do, does, did, shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must" Alice could not find the key. I will be glad to help you. (2)After verbs of perception "see, notice, observe, watch,hear, feel, smell" I saw her get on the bus. He heard her say that. (3)After "make" & "let His joke made us laugh. She did not let her sister go to the party. (4)After "had better" "would rather' "cannot but" "can do nothing but" You d better think about it. I d rather wait here a little longer. Compare I d rather you waited here a little longer. I cannot but laugh whenever I think of his humourous remark. As it was raining hard, I could do nothing but stay at home (5)After "need" "dare" and "except" He needn t do it himself. Need he do it himself? She dared not lie to her parents. Dared she lie to her parents?

7 Bài tập 1. Forgive my/me (ring) you up so early. 2. He disliked me/my (work) late. 3. He resented my/me (be) promoted before him. 4. You can t prevent him from (spend)his own money. 5. (become) a famous singer is her dream. 6. What I like is (swim) in the sea and then to lie on the warm sand. 7. It was late, so we decided (take) a taxi home. 8. I m pleased (see) you. 9. She agreed (pay) $ Two men failed (return) from the expedition. 11. The tenants refused ( leave). Cách sử dụng động từ nguyên thể Ví Dụ: He discovered how (open) the safe. I found out where (buy) fruit cheaply. She couldn t think what (say). I showed her which button (press). Verb + how/what/when/where/ which/why + infinitive Những động từ sử dụng công thức này là ask, decide, discover, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, show + object, think, understand, want to know, wonder. Cách sử dụng động từ nguyên thể Ví dụ: These glasses will enable you (see) in the dark. She encouraged me (try) again. They forbade her (leave) the house. They persuaded us (go) with them. Verb + object + the infinitive: Những động từ theo công thức này là advise, allow, enable, encourage, forbid, force, hear, instruct, invite, let, order, permit, persuade, request, remind, see, train, teach, urge, warn, tempt. Cách sử dụng động từ nguyên thể Assume, believe, consider, feel, know, suppose, understand + (object) + to be: I consider him to be the best candidate = He is considered to be the best candidate He is known to be honest. Chú ý: Một số động từ có thể đi cùng với cả động từ nguyên thể và V-ing, hãy so sánh sự khác nhau về ý nghĩa giữa chúng. Stop + V-ing: dừng làm gì Stop making noise! (đừng làm ồn) Stop + to V: dừng để làm gì I stop to smoke (tôi dừng lại để hút thuốc) Cách sử dụng động từ nguyên thể Remember/forget/regret + to V: nhớ/quên/tiếc sẽ phải làm gì Ví Dụ: Remember to send this letter (hãy nhớ gửi bức thư này). Remember/forget/regret + V-ing: nhớ/quên/tiếc đã làm gì

8 Ví Dụ: I paid her $2. I still remember that. I still remember paying her $2. (tôi nhớ đã trả cô ấy 2 đô la) Don t forget (buy) flowers (đừng quên mua hoa đấy) I regret (inform) you that the train was canceled (tôi rất tiếc phải báo tin cho anh rằng chuyến tầu đã bị hủy bỏ) She will never forget (meet) the Queen. (cô ấy không bao giờ quên lần gặp nữ hoàng) He regrets (leave) school early. It was the biggest mistake in his life. So sánh Try + to V: cố gắng làm gì I try to pass the exam. (tôi cố gắng vượt qua kì thi) Try + V-ing: thử làm gì You should try unlocking the door with this key. (bạn nên thử mở cửa với chiếc khóa này) Like + V-ing: thích làm gì vì nó thú vị, hay, cuốn hút, làm để thưởng thức I like watching TV. Like + to V: làm việc đó vì nó là tốt và cần thiết. I want to have a job. I like to learn English. Need + to V: cần làm gì I need to go to school today. Need/want/require + V-ing: mang nghĩa bị động (cần được làm gì) Your hair needs cutting (tóc của bạn cần được cắt ngắn) Be used to + V-ing: quen với việc gì (ở hiện tại) I m used to getting up early. (tôi quen với việc dậy sớm) Used to + V: thường làm gì trong quá khứ (bây giờ không làm nữa) I used to get up early when I lived in Bac Giang (tôi thường dậy sớm khi tôi sống ở Bắc Giang) Advise/ allow/ permit/ recommend + object + to V: Khuyên/cho phép/đề nghị ai làm gì He advised me to apply at once. They don't allow us to park here. Advise/ allow/ permit/ recommend + Ving: Khuyên/ cho phép/ đề nghị làm gì He advised applying at once. They don't allow parking here. S + have + O người + V1 + O vật... S + have + O vật + V3/-ed + (by + O người)... S + get + O người + to-inf + O vật S + get + O vật + V3/-ed + (by + O người) Ex: I had my brother clean the house. I had the house cleaned by my brother. I ll get him to fix the lamp. I ll get the lamp fixed. I get the grass (cut) Does she have the carpet (clean)? I have the house (paint) Did she have the coat (shorten)? I have my brother (do) my exercise She gets her father (repair) her bicycle. I see him passing my house everyday We saw him leave the house

9 Cách sử dụng động từ nguyên thể See / hear/ smell/ feel/ notice/ watch + object + V-ing: Cấu trúc này được sử dụng khi người nói chỉ chứng kiến một phần của hành động: I see him passing my house everyday. She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising. See / hear/ smell/ feel/ notice/ watch + object + V(nguyển thể không có 'to'): Cấu trúc này được sử dụng khi người nói chỉ chứng kiến toàn bộ hành động: We saw him leave the house. I heard him make arrangements for his journey. Bài tập 1 Chọn dạng đúng của động từ sau: 1. The teacher decided the paper. A. accepting B. to accept 2. They appreciate this information. A. to have B. having 3. His father doesn t approve of his to Europe. A. going B. to go 4. We found it very difficult a decision. A. reaching B. to reach 5. Donna is interested in a bar. A. to open B. opening He stopped (smoke) because it is harmful for his health. On the way home, I stopped at the post office (buy) a newspaper. I need (wash) my car. My car is very dirty. It needs (wash) Chia động từ trong ngoặc: Ving or inf 1. You anticipated (sell) that house. 2. We are always happy (help). 3. We are dedicated to (change) how things work. 4. We are going (bowl) tomorrow night. 5. We are really excited about (climb) that mountain. 6. They are going (camp) next week. 7. The beep sound reminded me (turn off) the washing machine. 8. The teacher doesn't permit (speak) in class. 9. We waited (see) the doctor. 10. We are very happy about you (get) a new job. 11. He forgot (turn off) the toaster, and the whole house burned down. 12. He promised (finish) his chores. 13. I need (talk) with you I advised her (have) some soup. 15. He is responsible for (paint) all the buildings. 16. He leaned against the wall (smile) at her. 17. They avoid (visit) us. 18. Ashley recalled (not lock) the door. 19. I didn't have any problems (find) a replacement. 20. They decided (cook) some rice. 21. I urge you (start). 22. The officer ordered him (stop).

23. You mentioned (take) a break. 24. Their goal (bring) peace gave hope to everyone. 25. I am good enough (pass) the audition. 26. He started (shout) at his friends. 27.

10 23. You mentioned (take) a break. 24. Their goal (bring) peace gave hope to everyone. 25. I am good enough (pass) the audition. 26. He started (shout) at his friends. 27. I am shocked (see) these two together. 28. He decided (not run) for president. 29. They kept (talk) I am sorry (say) this, but I won't go. 31. Jack completed (fix) the car. 32. It was difficult (obtain) his permission. 33. I appreciate you (help) me. 34. They are beginning (sing). 35. My memories of (travel) are well recorded in my albums. Chương trình học Tiếng Anh Online trên Moon.vn :

Gia Sư Tài Năng Việt

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