Answers to exercises

Transcription

1 Answers to exercises Chapter 12 Exercise 1 (task) Analyse the following sentences in terms of sentence functions, and name the type of sentence construction: 1. It annoys Myra that Grant always comes home late. 2. It was a cigarette-end that caused the fire. 3. The fire is certain to have been caused by a cigarette-end. 4. What caused the fire was a cigarette-end. 5. It was Jane s greatest wish to sail her yacht in the Caribbean. 6. They never discovered what caused the fire. 7. We found it nasty of Greg to say those things at the party. 8. It is not worth getting a bus into the village. 9. The mountain hut isn t easy to find in the dark. 10. There is no bus into the village before midday. 11. We were fools to believe such a ridiculous story. 12. There were about fifty students sitting in the chemistry lab. 13. Henderson is bound to find another job soon. 14. She s a lovely person to be with. 15. There is a huge lorry parked in front of my garage! Exercise 1 (answers) S-gramm. P Od S-log. S A P A A 1. It annoys Myra [that Grant always comes home late].

2 S P Cs S P Od 2. It was a cigarette-end /that caused the fire/. Construction: cleft sentence S-gramm. P Cs S-log. 1 S-log. 2 P-pass A 3. The fire is certain [ to have been caused by a cigarette-end]. S S P Od P Cs 4. [What caused the fire] was a cigarette-end. Construction: pseudo-cleft sentence S-gramm. P Cs S-log. P Od A 5. It was Jane s greatest wish [to sail her yacht in the Caribbean]. S A P Od S P Od 6. They never discovered [what caused the fire]. Construction: indirect question S P Od-gramm. Co Od-log. P Od A 7. We found it nasty of Greg [ to say those things at the party]. (of direct object) S-gramm. P Cs S-log. P Od A 8. It is not worth [ getting a bus into the village]. S-gramm. P Cs S-log. P Od-log. A 9. The mountain hut isn t easy [ to find in the dark].

3 S-gramm. P S-log. 10. There is [no bus into the village before midday]. S-gramm. P Cs S-log. 1 S-log. 2 P Od 11. We were fools [ to believe such a ridiculous story]. (with noun phrase as Cs) S-gramm. P S-log. P A 12. There were [about fifty students /sitting in the chemistry lab/]. S-gramm. P Cs S-log. 1 S-log. 2 P Od A 13. Henderson is bound [ to find another job soon]. Log. prep. comp S-gramm. P Cs S-log. P A 14. She s a lovely person [ to be with ]. S-gramm. P S-log. P A 15. There is a huge lorry /parked in front of my garage!/ Exercise 2 (task) Where possible, turn the following into false subject constructions (Careful! You may have to add nouns in some cases!). If it is not possible at all, just leave the sentence as it is: 1. It was interesting to read the victim s diary.

4 2. It is not possible to contact Larry at home. 3. It was exciting to watch Real Madrid last season. 4. It is wrong to be in Cornwall at this time of year. 5. It is sure that McBride will turn up soon. 6. It is unusual to find them at home on Saturdays. 7. It was odd to ask Tracy that question. 8. It is surprising to have such luck. Exercise 2 (answers) 1. The victim s diary was interesting to read. 2. It is not possible to contact Larry at home. 3. Real Madrid were (was) exciting to watch last season. 4. Cornwall is the wrong place to be in at this time of year. 5. McBride is sure to turn up soon. 6. It is unusual to find them at home on Saturdays. 7. That question was an odd one (question) to ask Tracy/ That was an odd question to ask Tracy. 8. It is surprising to have such luck. Exercise 3 (task) Make cleft-sentences from the following in order to emphasise the underlined parts (one cleftsentence for each underlining): 1. Maisie works for a design studio. 2. The table was made in Shanghai. 3. We re going to the jazz concert next week. 4. Roger is on a study-trip at the weekend. 5. Sammy bought a horse from Cribbs Farm.

5 Exercise 3 (answers) 1. It is Maisie who/that works for a design studio; It is a design studio that Maisie works for. 2. It was/is the table that was made in Shanghai; It was in Shanghai that the table was made. 3. It s the jazz concert (that) we re going to next week; It s next week that we re going to the jazz concert. 4. It s Roger who/that is on a study-trip at the weekend; It s a study-trip (that) Roger is on at the weekend; It s at the weekend that Roger is on a study-trip. 5. It s a horse that Sammy bought from Cribbs Farm; It was from Cribbs Farm that Sammy bought a horse.