D-FACTS Devices in PowerWorld Simulator

Transcription

1 D-FCTS Devices in PowerWorld Simulator Mark Laufenberg May 20, South First Street Champaign, Illinois (217)

2 Power Flow Control Basics Power flow is not directly controllable - to change the way power flows in the system, we need to be able to change line impedance, voltage magnitude, or angle differences Benefits Relieve overloaded lines Reduce transmission losses Maintain acceptable operating conditions Improve stability Improved utilization of existing system D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 2

3 Flexible C Transmission Systems (FCTS) IEEE Definitions Flexibility ability to accommodate changes in the system or operating conditions without violating stability margins Flexible C Transmission System incorporates power electronics and other static controllers to enhance controllability and increase transfer capability FCTS Controller provides control of one or more C transmission system parameter FCTS Working Group, Proposed Terms and Definitions for Flexible C Transmission System (FCTS), IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 12, Issue 4, October D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 3

4 ctive Impedance Injection The Synchronous Voltage Source (SVS) + V COMP - I LINE Inverter Device Control Signals Insertion Transformer Injects an C voltage, V COMP jim{} Inductive Range V COMP θ I LINE Capacitive Range In practice, V COMP is 90 degrees out of phase with the line current) Otherwise you must have a real power Re{} source or sink! V = I Z comp Line = ji X or ji X Line c Line L Controls V COMP with respect to I LINE Changes effective line impedance Many FCTS devices use this concept D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 4

5 D-FCTS Devices Distributed FCTS Devices Capacitive or inductive Distributed Static Series Compensator (DSSC) Distributed Series Reactor (DSR) (inductive only) Synchronous Voltage Source ttach directly to lines Small and modular D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide D. Divan, Improving power line utilization and performance with D-FCTS devices, IEEE PES General Meeting, June

6 Potential D-FCTS pplications n inventory of applications to understand the full impact of DSRs may include Contingency response capability Control of loop flows Increased transmission asset utilization Phase balancing Increase margin to voltage collapse Enhance transient stability response Increase flexibility for renewable energy transfers De-localize Locational Marginal Prices (LMPs) Reduction or delay of new transmission investment Reduced risk in Financial Transmission Rights (FTR) D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 6

7 PowerWorld D-FCTS Support Overview of Program Support Case information displays Onelines Power Flow Control In the power flow solution Contingency analysis Optimal Power Flow (OPF) tools Sensitivity analysis Special features D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 7

8 Basic Program Support Power system object DFCTSObject Settings dialog PWB file support UX file support Oneline display object DisplayDFCTS Fully customizable formatting XD file support uto-insertion PWD file support (version 18 only) Full case information display support for both D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 8

9 The D-FCTS Object single object represents all the D-FCTS devices on a line ttaches to a transmission line ll quantities are per-phase Operating characteristics Typically 47 uh per module Specify max compensation or total number of modules Specify minimum and maximum line activation current D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 9

10 D-FCTS Operational Profile Below I 0, the D-FCTS devices are inactive bove I lim, the cumulative injection of the D- FCTS devices is at its maximum value X injected X lim X 0 I line I 0 I lim D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 10

11 Basic D-FCTS Support Open B7_DFCTS_Demo This case has already been set up with D-FCTS devices on three lines, all in Limit mode 112 MW GC ON pu 63 MW 254 MP 0 Xinj MW 49 MW 44% 60% mps MW 1.04 pu 5 MW 3% mps 212 MP mps Xinj 40 MW 20 Mvar % mps 49 MW 40 MW 49 MW 150 MW 40 Mvar pu 52 MW 52 MW 44% mps 24% mps 345 MP Xinj MW 65% mps 84 MW 157 MW GC ON % 40 MW 55 MW 11 MW 25% mps 11 MW pu 80 MW 30 Mvar pu 150 MW 40 Mvar 103 MW GC ON D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide B7_DFCTS_Demo 11

12 D-FCTS Devices in Limit Mode Run the power flow simulation Increase the load at Bus 5 and watch D-FCTS devices become active D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide B7_DFCTS_Demo 12

13 Editing or Inserting D-FCTS Open D-FCTS settings directly by right clicking on a D-FCTS object and choosing show dialog D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide Show Dialog or Insert in D-FCTS tab in Model Explorer B7_DFCTS_Demo 13

14 Editing or Inserting D-FCTS From the transmission line dialog, click D-FCTS Devices on the Line to see the D-FCTS settings D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide B7_DFCTS_Demo 14

15 D-FCTS Dialog Inputs In Limit Mode Input tab Basic settings Current operating point vailable control modes uto-configuration settings D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide B7_DFCTS_Demo 15

16 D-FCTS Dialog Control Info Control settings Covered later Current operating point D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide B7_DFCTS_Demo 16

17 D-FCTS Case Information Displays On the D-FCTS Devices tab in the Model Explorer, click Fields These are all the supported D-FCTS fields We ll cover what these fields do Drag and drop to change which fields are displayed in the table Right click and choose to save as an UX file Open to view sample D-FCTS aux file B7_DFCTS_Demo_ux.aux Export data to Excel, edit values, and load in D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 17

18 MV MV D-FCTS Oneline Displays Use formatting to fully customize the appearance 3DUMFRES 0.0 MW 0.0 Mvar 6DUMFRES 1POSSM 1POSSM 4 Display any D-FCTS field Save with XD or PWD (version 18) file Display Explorer support D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 18

19 Oneline uto Insertion of D-FCTS For the entire case For a single line or a group of selected lines D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 19

20 D-FCTS Oneline Example Reopen B7_DFCTS_Demo Select all D-FCTS oneline objects and delete them. Delete Object(s) Only! Click Onelines > Default Drawing Open the Display D-FCTS page Customize the settings for the appearance of new D-FCTS objects Change fill color and the text fields to display Then click Draw> uto Insert> D-FCTS D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide B7_DFCTS_Demo 20

21 D-FCTS Oneline Example Changed fill color dded text fields D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide B7_DFCTS_Demo 21

22 D-FCTS Oneline Example D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide B7_DFCTS_Demo 22

23 Power Flow Support Three modes of operation Limit Xinj responds based on line current (called Respond in version 17) Fixed Hold Xinj at a fixed value which may be set externally or manually Bypass Out of service (Xinj = 0) Regulate Control Xinj to achieve line flow in specified range (version 18 only) Oscillation detection logic If switching on and off during the power flow solution, turn off of control (set to Fixed ) D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 23

24 Power Flow Support Simulation Solution Process: Three Nested Loops D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide MW Control Loop Voltage Controller Loop Inner Power Flow loop Traditionally called the Power Flow PowerWorld Simulator implements the control of D- FCTS devices in the voltage control loop of the power flow solution Limit Determine limited devices based on line current, adjust D-FCTS according to piecewise linear lookup function Regulate Determine out of range flows, calculate sensitivities, adjust devices to bring back into range If the D-FCTS values are changed, an additional power flow inner loop is solved Voltage Control Loop MW Control Loop Generation Interchange Control 24

25 New Regulate Mode utomatically determines D-FCTS settings within the power flow to achieve a certain line flow range Uses coordinated sensitivities Might require special handling when there are a large number of devices that cannot achieve their desired control range Open B5RWind_DFCTSRegDemo.pwb Initially, the D-FCTS object is in bypass mode D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide B5RWind_DFCTSRegDemo 25

26 Power Flow Regulation Example Flow on line 6-3 is initially out of range 100 Mvar Bus 2 Bus pu 1.00 pu MV slack power factor: MW 5 Mvar GC OFF VR ON power factor: Bus Regulation range: ctual flow: MW Bypass MV MV 100 MW 0 Mvar MV D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide Bus 4 Bus pu MV tap pu 100 MW 0 Mvar Bus 3 80 Mvar 100 MW 50 Mvar pu 20 MW -0 Mvar power factor: Wind Control Mode: Boundary Power Factor B5RWind_DFCTSRegDemo 26

27 Regulation Mode Example Open the D-FCTS Information Dialog Change the Mode of Operation to Regulate line flow Open the Control Info tab and set the regulation range Control settings Regulation range D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide B5RWind_DFCTSRegDemo 27

28 Regulation Mode Example Solve the power flow; flow is back in range 200 MW 100 Mvar Bus 2 Bus pu 1.00 pu MV slack power factor: MW 5 Mvar 400 MW 92 Mvar GC OFF VR ON power factor: Bus Regulation range: ctual flow: MW Regulate MV MV 100 MW 0 Mvar MV D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide Bus 4 Bus pu MV tap pu 100 MW Bus 3 80 Mvar 0 Mvar 100 MW 50 Mvar pu 20 MW -0 Mvar power factor: Wind Control Mode: Boundary Power Factor B5RWind_DFCTSRegDemo 28

29 Regulation Mode Example Open the system log to see what occurred D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide B5RWind_DFCTSRegDemo 29

30 Contingency nalysis Use Custom Monitors during contingency runs to see which D-FCTS lines respond for each contingency Placing D-FCTS devices on lines with the worst contingency overload can significantly improve the results It is also possible to designate more advanced responses to occur during a contingency Remedial action schemes (RS) Special protection systems (SPS) D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 30

31 Contingency nalysis Example Open IEEE118Bus_CTG_Demo.pwb Open the Contingency nalysis dialog and set options Under the Options Tab > Limit Monitoring > dvanced Limit Monitoring, select Do not report base case violations Open Limit Monitoring Settings Check Do not monitor radial lines and buses uto-insert all single-line or transformer contingencies Click Start Run View the results D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide IEEE118Bus_CTG_Demo 31

32 ggregate MV Overload Metric ggregate MV Overload (MWCO) can be calculated per line, per contingency, or for the entire system Element Measure of MWCO Line or Transformer, i-j Weakness Contingency, c System Severity Insecurity NNNNN aaa(p ii c P jj mmm ) c=1 NNNNNN aaa(p ii c P jj mmm ) ii=1 NNNNNN NNNNN aaa(p ii c P jj mmm ) ii=1 c=1 D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 32

33 Contingency nalysis Example Open the Results Tab > View Results by Element > Lines/Transformers dd ggregate MV Overload field In the case information display, right click, choose Display/Column Options, select ggregate MV Overload from the Contingency Results folder, click dd > lso add the Custom Integer field 56 violations, MV aggregate overload for displayed lines Sort by ggregate MV Overload Number the most overloaded lines using the Custom Integer column D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide IEEE118Bus_CTG_Demo 33

34 Contingency nalysis Example Most severe contingencies sorted by MWCO Insert D-FCTS devices on these lines Right click on each row, choose Show Dialog, then D-FCTS Devices on the Line to open the dialog On D-FCTS dialog, check Max Compensation, Set I0 as, and Set Ilim as to auto-configure using defaults Click Save D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide IEEE118Bus_CTG_Demo 34

35 Contingency nalysis Example Dialog without D-FCTS Nothing here D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide IEEE118Bus_CTG_Demo 35

36 Contingency nalysis Example Dialog with D-FCTS Check auto-config boxes What s available What s currently being used D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide IEEE118Bus_CTG_Demo 36

37 Setting up Custom Monitors Custom Monitors report the value of monitored fields during contingency analysis One custom monitor per field Can be specified by an *UX file. We ll monitor how many D-FCTS devices have responded and on which lines by tracking changes in the Xinj field Open the Custom Monitor dialog from the Model Explorer in the Tools and dd Ons > Contingency nalysis folder D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide IEEE118Bus_CTG_Demo 37

38 Custom Monitor Dialog Set up to monitor D-FCTS Xinj ssign a name Monitor is for Branches Only report Xinj if it changes from the base case Field to monitor Limit what to report D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide IEEE118Bus_CTG_Demo 38

39 Custom Monitor Dialog Set up another Custom Monitor to report number of modules used Only report if DSRs have changed New field New name Monitor is for Branches Limit what to report D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide IEEE118Bus_CTG_Demo 39

40 D-FCTS Custom Monitors Case Information Display with new Custom Monitors Open the Contingency nalysis Dialog and run with the D-FCTS and Custom Monitors inserted D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide IEEE118Bus_CTG_Demo 40

41 Results with D-FCTS System MCO decreased from to Violations decreased from 56 to 49 D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide IEEE118Bus_CTG_Demo 41

42 Viewing Custom Monitor Results Results by Contingency Custom Monitor Violation Count Custom Monitor results are recorded as special violations Custom Monitor Violation Info D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide IEEE118Bus_CTG_Demo 42

43 Viewing Custom Monitor Results Custom Monitors Results Tab Contingencies that caused violations for each monitor D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide IEEE118Bus_CTG_Demo 43

44 Contingency Violation Matrices Combined Tables shows other results tables D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide IEEE118Bus_CTG_Demo 44

45 Contingency Violation Matrices View results by contingency or by Custom Monitor By contingency By Custom Monitor D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide IEEE118Bus_CTG_Demo 45

46 M V M V M V M V M V M V M V M V M V M V Large Case Contingency Post-contingent response 07WORTH2 07WORTH MW 47.0 MW 12.5 Mvar 12.5 Mvar 47.0 MW 47.0 MW 12.9 Mvar 12.9 Mvar 07WORTH8 07WORTH8 DLE 07WRTHG 07WORTH1 07WORTH 47.0 MW 47.0 MW 12.5 Mvar 12.5 Mvar 07WORTHN 103% MV 07WRTHG 07WORTH1 07WORTHN μh 94% MV 07WORTH 47.0 MW 47.0 MW 12.9 Mvar 12.9 Mvar D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 46

47 How can D-FCTS devices help other lines? Sensitivity analysis Optimization Sensitivity nalysis Line impedance sensitivities The first step towards a comprehensive power flow control solution How does a change in line impedance affect the rest of the system? What can be controlled by changing line impedances? What D-FCTS settings will provide this control? D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 47

48 Line Impedance Sensitivities θ = [ Φ] x V Φ State to Impedance sensitivity matrix Σ Power Flow to State sensitivity matrix dp P s flow, (θ,v) P flow = + dx s (θ,v) x x flow, Φ Γ Power Flow to Impedance sensitivity matrix D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide θ P flow, = [ Σ ] + [ Γ] x V 48

49 Sensitivity nalysis Example uto insert D-FCTS objects Use Select by Criteria to resize D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 49

50 Sensitivity nalysis Example Open the Sensitivity nalysis Dialog from Sensitivities > Flow and Voltage Sensitivities Let s look at the sensitivity of MW flows to this D-FCTS line (Branch 16 to 17) D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 50

51 Single Control Change New control to calculate Xinj sensitivities for DSR placement D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide IEEE118Bus_CTG_Demo 51

52 Multiple Control Change Filter branches to select as control devices only lines that have D-FCTS Toggle Selected field for LL branches to NO first D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 52

53 Multiple Control Change D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 53

54 OPF Support Recently, PowerWorld added the ability to include D- FCTS as control variables in the optimal power flow (OPF) tools Injected reactance X (Xinj) onto the line is the control Device limits from the power flow settings are used OPF control allows D-FCTS to respond to overloads on lines throughout the system and reduce or eliminate the need to re-dispatch more expensive generation Global coordination and control Comparison of OPF control vs. stand-alone control OPF updates Fixed a bug in OPF sensitivity calculation for D-FCTS D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 54

55 Primal LP OPF Solution lgorithm Simulator s optimization tools are based on Linear Programming (LP) Solution iterates between Solving a full C power flow solution Enforces real/reactive power balance at each bus Enforces generator reactive limits System controls are assumed fixed Takes into account non-linearities Solving a primal LP Changes system controls to enforce linearized constraints while minimizing cost (or control change) D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 55

56 Optimal Power Flow (OPF) Inequality constraints Transmission line/transformer/interface flow limits Generator MW limits Generator reactive power capability curves Bus voltage magnitudes (not yet implemented in Simulator OPF) vailable Controls Generator MW outputs Load MW demands Phase shifters rea Transactions D-FCTS Devices D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 56

57 LP OPF Solution Cost model tells how to weight the control For generators, this is a real cost and easy to understand For all controls, a cost model is needed for the LP OPF Sensitivities tell how much effect each control has Combined cost and sensitivity in the LP tells how to get the most effect for the least cost D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 57

58 D-FCTS Sensitivities in LP LP basis matrix or tableau sensitivity of each constraint to each basic variable Basic variables are not zero and not at a breakpoint in the cost function Tableau now includes the sensitivity of constraints (i.e., line MV flows) to impedance x of DSR lines D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 58

59 D-FCTS Cost Model Cost functions are piecewise linear; at each iteration we are only looking at one piece Limits are enforced using an extremely high penalty function outside physically viable range Inside viable range, we model a slight incremental cost as the devices turn on If Simulator s OPF determines that it would cost more to enforce these limits, it will just pay this cost and overload the constraint D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 59

60 OPF Solution Examples Open GSO_37Bus_DSRsOPF_basecase.pwb This case has an overloaded line and is set up to allow D-FCTS devices to be used as a control in the OPF Solve the OPF lternatively, inserting D-FCTS on the overloaded line also relieves the overload D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide GSO_37Bus_DSRsOPF_basecase 60

61 D-FCTS OPF Setup Case Setting Settings for D-FCTS OPF control must be enabled at three levels: a) Case b) rea c) Line rea Setting Line Setting D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 61

62 Line LUF69-HLE 69 is Overloaded MV MV MORO pu 1.02 pu 23 MW 6 Mvar 1.00 pu HOMER69 TIM345 D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide MV 12 MW 5 Mvar 14 MW 3 Mvar 0.0 Mvar 1.02 pu MV MV MV TIM138 TIM69 MV 150 MW -15 Mvar MV MV MV 1.00 pu 60 MW 12 Mvar 1.00 pu MV 20 MW 6 Mvar MV HISKY69 MV MND69 LUF69 MV 33 MW 13 Mvar HNNH69 45 MW 12 Mvar 28.9 Mvar 18.2 Mvar 27 MW 3 Mvar 104% MV LUF138 MV MV MV PI69 PETE69 HLE69 MV 15.9 Mvar 1.00 pu MV MV 58 MW 36 Mvar MV UIUC69 BUCKY138 MV 58 MW 40 Mvar 1.00 pu 36 MW 10 Mvar 18 MW 5 Mvar MV MV GROSS69 23 MW 6 Mvar 12.7 Mvar MV 7.3 Mvar MV 1.02 pu DEMR69 MV MV MV 1.00 pu MV 1.00 pu 1.00 pu WEBER69 MV 1.02 pu MV MV RY345 RY69 FERN69 RY138 BLT138 PTTEN69 BLT69 MV MV 0.99 pu 1.00 pu 69 MW 45 Mvar 23 MW 22 MW 10 MW 6 Mvar 28 MW 15 Mvar 5 Mvar 6 Mvar 17 MW 3 Mvar MV MV 23 MW 3 Mvar 23 MW 7 Mvar MV 4.8 Mvar 0.99 pu 15 MW 60 Mvar 16 MW MV MV SLCK138 ROGER pu SVOY69 SVOY138 BOB138 BOB69 MV SHIMKO69 MV slack WOLEN69 MV -14 Mvar 14 MW MV MV MV MV 7.3 Mvar 15 MW 5 Mvar 1.03 pu 1.02 pu 1.00 pu 56 MW 13 Mvar MV 38 MW 4 Mvar MV MV 74 MW 27 Mvar 210 MW 57 Mvar 4 Mvar JO138 LYNN pu MV System Pre-OPF Cost $/h JO pu 1.03 pu MV MV MV 150 MW -1 Mvar 150 MW -1 Mvar GSO_37Bus_DSRsOPF_basecase 62

63 a) OPF without DSRs as Controls MV MV MORO pu 1.02 pu 23 MW 6 Mvar 1.00 pu HOMER69 TIM345 TIM138 TIM69 D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide MV 12 MW 5 Mvar 14 MW 3 Mvar 0.0 Mvar 1.02 pu MV MV MV MV 150 MW -17 Mvar MV MV MV 60 MW 12 Mvar MV 20 MW 6 Mvar MV HISKY69 MV MND69 LUF69 MV 33 MW 13 Mvar HNNH69 45 MW 12 Mvar 29.1 Mvar 18.2 Mvar 99% MV 27 MW 3 Mvar LUF138 MV MV MV PI69 PETE69 HLE69 MV 16.0 Mvar 1.00 pu MV MV 58 MW 36 Mvar MV UIUC69 BUCKY138 MV 58 MW 40 Mvar 36 MW 10 Mvar 18 MW 5 Mvar MV MV GROSS69 23 MW 6 Mvar 12.8 Mvar MV 7.3 Mvar MV 1.02 pu DEMR69 MV MV MV 1.00 pu MV 1.00 pu WEBER69 MV 1.02 pu MV MV MV MV 1.00 pu RY345 RY69 FERN pu 93 MW 45 Mvar 23 MW 22 MW 10 MW 6 Mvar 28 MW 15 Mvar 5 Mvar 6 Mvar 17 MW 3 Mvar RY138 BLT138 PTTEN69 BLT69 SLCK138 ROGER pu SVOY69 SVOY138 MV MV 23 MW 3 Mvar 23 MW 7 Mvar MV 4.8 Mvar 0.99 pu 19 MW 60 Mvar 16 MW MV MV BOB138 BOB69 MV SHIMKO69 MV slack WOLEN69 MV -14 Mvar 14 MW MV MV MV MV 7.3 Mvar 15 MW 5 Mvar 1.03 pu 1.02 pu 1.00 pu 56 MW 13 Mvar MV 38 MW 4 Mvar MV MV 74 MW 27 Mvar 182 MW 51 Mvar 4 Mvar JO138 LYNN pu MV System Cost $/h JO pu 1.03 pu MV MV MV 150 MW -2 Mvar 150 MW -2 Mvar 63

64 Example DSR Lines DFCTSObject From Number X per Module (µh) uto Set Num Modules To uto Set uto Set I0 % of Ilim % of Max % of Num Number Circuit I0 Ilim Rating Rating Line X Modules YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 64

65 b) OPF with DSR local control only MV MV MORO pu 1.02 pu 23 MW 6 Mvar HOMER69 TIM345 TIM69 D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide MV 12 MW 5 Mvar 1.00 pu MW 3 Mvar 0.0 Mvar 1.02 pu MV MV MV TIM138 MV 150 MW -17 Mvar MV MV MV 60 MW 12 Mvar MV 20 MW 6 Mvar MV HISKY69 MV MND69 LUF69 MV 33 MW 13 Mvar HNNH69 45 MW 12 Mvar 29.1 Mvar 18.2 Mvar 99% MV 0 27 MW 3 Mvar 118 LUF138 MV MV MV PI69 PETE69 HLE69 MV 16.0 Mvar 1.00 pu MV MV 58 MW 36 Mvar 0 22 MV UIUC69 BUCKY138 MV 58 MW 40 Mvar 36 MW 10 Mvar MV MV GROSS69 23 MW 6 Mvar MV MV 1.02 pu DEMR69 MV MV MV 1.00 pu MV 1.00 pu WEBER69 MV 1.02 pu MV MV RY345 RY69 FERN69 RY138 BLT138 PTTEN69 BLT69 MV MV 1.00 pu 1.00 pu 93 MW 45 Mvar 23 MW 22 MW 10 MW 6 Mvar 28 MW 15 Mvar 5 Mvar 6 Mvar MW 5 Mvar 12.8 Mvar 7.3 Mvar 17 MW 3 Mvar MV MV 23 MW 3 Mvar 23 MW 7 Mvar MV 4.8 Mvar 0.99 pu 19 MW 60 Mvar 16 MW MV MV SLCK138 ROGER pu SVOY69 SVOY138 BOB138 BOB69 MV SHIMKO69 MV slack WOLEN69 MV -14 Mvar 14 MW MV 0 22 MV MV MV 7.3 Mvar 15 MW 5 Mvar pu 1.02 pu 1.00 pu 56 MW 13 Mvar MV 38 MW 4 Mvar MV MV 0 74 MW 27 Mvar MW 51 Mvar 4 Mvar JO138 LYNN pu MV System Cost $/h JO pu 1.03 pu MV MV MV 150 MW -2 Mvar 150 MW -2 Mvar 65

66 c) OPF with DSRs as Controls MV MV MORO pu 1.02 pu 23 MW 6 Mvar HOMER69 TIM345 TIM138 TIM69 D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide MV 12 MW 5 Mvar 1.00 pu MW 3 Mvar 0.0 Mvar 1.02 pu MV MV MV MV 1.00 pu 150 MW -11 Mvar MV MV MV 1.00 pu 60 MW 12 Mvar 1.00 pu MV 20 MW 6 Mvar MV HISKY69 MV MND69 LUF69 MV 33 MW 13 Mvar HNNH69 45 MW 12 Mvar 29.0 Mvar 18.2 Mvar 98% MV 27 MW 3 Mvar MV LUF MV HLE69 MV MV 15.9 Mvar PI69 PETE pu MV MV 58 MW 36 Mvar MV UIUC69 BUCKY138 MV 58 MW 40 Mvar pu 36 MW 10 Mvar MV MV GROSS69 23 MW 6 Mvar MV MV 1.02 pu DEMR69 MV MV MV 1.00 pu MV 1.00 pu 1.00 pu WEBER69 MV 1.02 pu MV MV MV MV 0.99 pu RY345 RY69 FERN pu 69 MW 45 Mvar 23 MW 22 MW 10 MW 6 Mvar 28 MW 15 Mvar 5 Mvar 6 Mvar MW 5 Mvar 12.7 Mvar 7.3 Mvar 17 MW 3 Mvar RY138 BLT138 PTTEN69 BLT69 SLCK138 ROGER pu SVOY69 SVOY138 MV MV 23 MW 3 Mvar 23 MW 7 Mvar MV 4.8 Mvar 0.99 pu 15 MW 60 Mvar 16 MW MV MV BOB138 BOB69 SHIMKO69 ER69 MV MV slack WOLEN69 MV -14 Mvar 14 MW MV 0 22 MV MV MV 7.3 Mvar 15 MW 5 Mvar pu 1.02 pu 1.00 pu 56 MW 13 Mvar MV 38 MW 4 Mvar MV MV 74 MW 27 Mvar pu.0 Mvar.02 pu MV 150 MW -12 Mvar 210 MW 57 Mvar 4 Mvar 1.00 pu MV 60 MW 12 Mvar 1.00 pu JO138 LYNN pu MV 94% MV System Cost $/h 27 MW Or 3 Mvar MV MV JO345 MV LUF pu 1.03 pu MV MV MND LUF69 MV HLE pu 150 MW -2 Mvar 150 MW -2 Mvar 36 Mvar MV 23 MW 6 Mvar 1.01 p 36 MW 10 Mva 1.01 GSO_37Bus_DSRsOPF_basecase

67 OPF Results LP Solution Details D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide GSO_37Bus_DSRsOPF_basecase 67

68 OPF Case Information Displays OPF results difference case stuff how to easily see what changed D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide GSO_37Bus_DSRsOPF_basecase 68

69 Special Features and pplications

70 General Power Flow Control Idea: D-FCTS devices in the system can respond to help each other obtain certain control objectives Find and exploit comprehensive power flow control capability power routing Purpose is to enable utomated D-FCTS placement and setup Strategies for global D-FCTS control Exploit the fact that not all locations have equal impact D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 70

71 Device Placement and Independently Controllable Line Flows Complete decoupling Complete coupling D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 71

72 Placement Tool Overview Developing a new generalized tool to make these power flow control concepts a reality Towards a longer-term outlook of what we want from D- FCTS devices (and other distributed control devices) Use clustering and device placement dialog to determine how to set the D-FCTS devices to achieve a generic, user-specified control objective This tool is still being developed Working on completing the tool, user interface, testing Preliminary tool in version 18 beta only More details, analysis, and examples to come Let us know your feedback! What would be useful? D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 72

73 Open new dialog Placement Dialog D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 73

74 Select Input Data Select sensitivities For DSRs, meter MW flows and choose Xinj as controls Save sensitivity matrix as clustering input D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 74

75 Results by Object Tab Shows input sensitivities and clustering results Line flow clusters D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 75

76 Device Grouping and Placement Clustering is used to determine groups Line flows that can be independently controlled Line flows that are highly coupled D-FCTS lines with similar impact D-FCTS lines with capabilities that span the space [*] User selects up to one prototype line per cluster to control since line flows within a group cannot be controlled independently [*] Here, v i denotes the row of the total sensitivity matrix of real power flows to reactive line impedance. D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 76

77 Flow Coupling Index The line flows on the two overloaded lines are highly decoupled. Thus, they can both be controlled independently with D-FCTS devices (7,6) 1 (7,5) -1 1 (1,2) (1,3) (2,4) (2,6) (2,3) (2,5) (4,3) (4,5) (7,6) (7,5) (1,2) (1,3) (2,4) (2,6) (2,3) (2,5) (4,3) (4,5) D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 7 77

78 Results by Cluster Tab Each row corresponds to one cluster Refine parameters for placement and optimization D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 78

79 Target Control Objective Fields Target ction Raise, Lower, Don t Care, or Maximize Control ctual Value The present value of the line flow Target Value The desired value of the line flow Inputs Number of Controls max number of D-FCTS lines to consider Increment mount by which to change all of the target values Tool determines D-FCTS groups and placement from control objective D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 79

80 Results by ttribute Tab For displaying information for attributes or columns (i.e., the D-FCTS lines) Objective function sensitivity Device clusters ctually Place Devices inserts devices on the appropriate lines and sets Xinj values to achieve the control objective D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 80

81 Resulting Flows Newly inserted D-FCTS New line flows on targeted lines Target Before Control fter Control MW MW MW MW MW MW D-FCTS Quick-Start Guide 81