& w w w w w w # w w. Example A: notes of a scale are identified with Scale Degree numbers or Solfege Syllables

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1 Unit 7 Study Notes Please open Unit 7 Lesson 26 (page 43) You ill need: 1. To revie ho to use your Keyboard hand-out to find hole and half-steps a. Make sure you have a Keyboard hand-out! 2. To revie the 'Musical Alphabet' 3. To learn the solfege scale 4. To learn to recognize the sound of a Major Scale 5. A piece of music manuscript paper, and a pencil Essential Questions: 1. Why does a Major Scale sound like a Major Scale Anser: Write your anser at the top of Lesson 26, memorize and revie for the test 2. Ho many notes are in a Major Scale Anser: Write your anser at the top of Lesson 26, memorize and revie for the test Example A: notes of a scale are identified ith Scale Degree numbers or Solfege Syllables Scale Degree numbers: Solfege Syllables: C D E F G A B C do re mi fa so la ti do Example B: the 'Keynote' is alays 'do'. This is an example of 'moveable do'. 2 # 3 Scale Degree numbers: Solfege Syllables: G A B C D E F# G do re mi fa so la ti do NOTE: Scale Degree #1 #8 ill alays be the same note! NOTE: Notes of a scale ascend in 'alphabetical order'!! Essential Activity: 1. Can you create a Major Scale starting on B2 using your Keyboard Hand-out Procedure: Start on B2, and follo the pattern of W - W - H - W - W - W - H steps using appropriate accidentals. Grab a piece of manuscript paper, and let's rite the scale! Remember: the notes MUST be in alphabetical order!. 1 (W) 2 (W) 3 (H) 4 (W) 5 (W) 6 (W) 7 (H) 8 1

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3 Unit 7, Lesson 26-B Name: Period#: Learn ho to use your keyboard hand-out to recognize rite the Tetrachord pattern of hole step () - hole step () - half step (h) one consecutive note letter name at a time! The notes MUST be in alphabetical order! A 1. Ab Tetrachord 2. F# Tetrachord 3. Db Tetrachord Remember: the 4 notes must be in alphabetical order (musical alphabet) b # h h h 4 b B 4. E Tetrachord 5. Gb Tetrachord 6. A Tetrachord Remember: the 4 notes must be in alphabetical order (musical alphabet) b h h h 4 C 7. Bb Tetrachord 8. Cb Tetrachord 9. Fb Tetrachord Remember: the 4 notes must be in alphabetical order (musical alphabet) b b b h h h 4 Hint: Place your pencil on the first note of each tetrachord on the keyboard, then simply go up the specified interval to find each successive note (remember the musical alphabet!). Check ansers in the 'Unit 7 Class Notes' on Weebly: 3

4 Unit 7, Lesson 26-B Name: Period#: Learn ho to use your keyboard hand-out to recognize rite the Tetrachord pattern of hole step () - hole step () - half step (h) one consecutive note letter name at a time! The notes MUST be in alphabetical order! b 1. Ab Tetrachord 2. F# Tetrachord 3. Db Tetrachord Remember: the 4 notes must be in alphabetical order (musical alphabet) b b # # # b b b h h h 4 4. E Tetrachord 5. Gb Tetrachord 6. A Tetrachord Remember: the 4 notes must be in alphabetical order (musical alphabet) 4 # # b b b b # h h h 4 7 b 7. Bb Tetrachord 8. Cb Tetrachord 9. Fb Tetrachord Remember: the 4 notes must be in alphabetical order (musical alphabet) b b b b b b b h h h 4 b b Hint: Place your pencil on the first note of each tetrachord on the keyboard, then simply go up specified interval to find each successive note. Check the next page for the correct ansers! 4

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6 Unit 7 Lesson 27-B Name: Period#: Learn ho to use your keyboard hand-out to rite the G and D Major scales using the pattern of 1 W--W--H--W--W--W--H steps. The notes MUST be in alphabetical order! G Major Scale Remember: the 8 notes must be in alphabetical order (musical alphabet) 1 W 2 W 3 H 4 W 5 W 6 W 7 W 8 2 Next, copy the same notes belo, and Learn that the G Major Scale has 2 Tetrachords! Tetrachord #1 (loer tetrachord) starts on G 2. Learn that Tetrachord #2 (upper tetrachord) starts on D 3. Learn that the 2nd Tetrachord of EVERY Major scale starts on Scale Degree #5. G Major Scale G Tetrachord D Tetrachord W 2 W 3 H 4 W 5 W 6 W 7 W 8 Tetrachord #1 (loer tetrachord) Tetrachord #2 (upper tetrachord) No, use your keyboard hand-out to rite the D Major Scale scale using the pattern of W--W--H--W--W--W--H steps. The notes MUST be in alphabetical order! D Major Scale D Tetrachord A Tetrachord W 2 W 3 H 4 W 5 W 6 W 7 W 8 4 Next, copy the same notes belo, and Learn that the D Major Scale has 2 Tetrachords! Tetrachord #1 (loer tetrachord) starts on D 2. Learn that Tetrachord #2 (upper tetrachord) starts on A 3. Learn that the 2nd Tetrachord of EVERY Major scale starts on Scale Degree #5. D Major Scale D Tetrachord A Tetrachord W 2 W 3 H 4 W 5 W 6 W 7 W 8 Tetrachord #1 (loer tetrachord) Tetrachord #2 (upper tetrachord) Check ansers in 'Unit 7 Class Notes' on Weebly: 6

7 Unit 7 Lesson 27-B Name: Period#: Learn ho to use your keyboard hand-out to rite the G and D Major scales using the pattern of 1 W--W--H--W--W--W--H steps. The notes MUST be in alphabetical order! G Major Scale Remember: the 8 notes must be in alphabetical order (musical alphabet) # 1 W 2 W 3 H 4 W 5 W 6 W 7 W 8 2 Next, copy the same notes belo, and Learn that the G Major Scale has 2 Tetrachords! Tetrachord #1 (loer tetrachord) starts on G 2. Learn that Tetrachord #2 (upper tetrachord) starts on D 3. Learn that the 2nd Tetrachord of EVERY Major scale starts on Scale Degree #5. G Major Scale G Tetrachord D Tetrachord # 1 W 2 W 3 H 4 W 5 W 6 W 7 W 8 Tetrachord #1 (loer tetrachord) Tetrachord #2 (upper tetrachord) No, use your keyboard hand-out to rite the D Major Scale scale using the pattern of W--W--H--W--W--W--H steps. The notes MUST be in alphabetical order! D Major Scale D Tetrachord A Tetrachord # # 1 W 2 W 3 H 4 W 5 W 6 W 7 W 8 4 Next, copy the same notes belo, and Learn that the D Major Scale has 2 Tetrachords! Tetrachord #1 (loer tetrachord) starts on D 2. Learn that Tetrachord #2 (upper tetrachord) starts on A 3. Learn that the 2nd Tetrachord of EVERY Major scale starts on Scale Degree #5. D Major Scale D Tetrachord A Tetrachord # # 1 W 2 W 3 H 4 W 5 W 6 W 7 W 8 Tetrachord #1 (loer tetrachord) Tetrachord #2 (upper tetrachord) 7

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9 Unit 7 Lesson 27-C: "2 ays to build the 2nd Tetrachord" Name: Let's revie: Period#: 1. Every Major Scale has 8 notes in a W-W-H-W-W-W-H pattern 2. The 1st and last notes of a scale are the same! Scale degree 1 8 are the keynote, or 'do'. 3. A Tetrachord has 4 notes in a W-W-H pattern 4. Every Major Scale has 2 Tetrachords: a. Tetrachord #1 (the loer Tetrachord) starts on the Keynote, or Scale Degree #1 (do) b. Tetrachord #2 (the upper Tetrachord) starts on Scale Degree #5 (sol) and ends on the Keynote, #8, or 'do' 5. Can you think of 2 methods for finding (riting) the 2nd Tetrachord of any Major Scale Method #1: 6. Since the top-note of the 2nd Tetrachord ends on the Keynote, rite 5 -W- 6 -W- 7 -H- 8 under the measure, rite the Keynote above 8, and ork backards. Remember: the Keynote is the name of the Major Scale Method #2: 7. Try this: using your keyboard hand-out rite ANY scale using the W--W--H--W--W--W--H step pattern and then find that scale's 5th scale degree! Next, copy the notes that corrrespond to: 5 -W- 6 -W- 7 -H Let's try Method #2 first! Please complete the folloing: Method #2: Write the 2nd Tetrachord of the Ab Major Scale: 1. In the first measure rite the Ab Major Scale using the pattern of W-W-H-W-W-W-HScale 1 2. In the 2nd measure rite the 2nd Tetrachord by starting on the 5th Scale Degree Remember: the 8 notes must be in alphabetical order (musical alphabet) 1 W 2 W 3 H 4 W 5 W 6 W 7 H 8 5 W 6 W 7 H 8 2 Method #1: Write the 2nd Tetrachord of the E Major Scale: 1. In the last measure rite 5 -W- 6 -W- 7 -H- 8 under the measure, then rite the Keynote over Scale Degree #8. 2. Next, ork backards, folloing the interval pattern. Remember that as you ork backards the notes ill descend! 3. Last, rite the entire E Major scale, and check that you have ritten the 2nd Tetrachord correctly. Remember: all notes must be in alphabetical order either ascending or descending (musical alphabet) 1 W 2 W 3 H 4 W 5 W 6 W 7 H 8 5 W 6 W 7 H 8 3 Use either Method #1 or #2 to rite the 2nd Tetrachord of the Db Major scale: Method #1: rite 5 -W- 6 -W- 7 -H- 8 under the 2nd measure, then rite Db over 8, and ork backards. Method #2: In the 1st measure rite the Db Major Scale using the pattern of W-W-H-W-W-W-HScale, and in the 2nd measure rite the 2nd Tetrachord by starting on the 5th Scale Degree Remember: all notes must be in alphabetical order either ascending or descending (musical alphabet) 1 W 2 W 3 H 4 W 5 W 6 W 7 H 8 5 W 6 W 7 H 8 9

10 Unit 7 Lesson 27-C: "2 ays to build the 2nd Tetrachord" Name: ANSWER KEY Let's revie: Period#: 1. Every Major Scale has 8 notes in a W-W-H-W-W-W-H pattern 2. The 1st and last notes of a scale are the same! Scale degree 1 8 are the keynote, or 'do'. 3. A Tetrachord has 4 notes in a W-W-H pattern 4. Every Major Scale has 2 Tetrachords: a. Tetrachord #1 (the loer Tetrachord) starts on the Keynote, or Scale Degree #1 (do) b. Tetrachord #2 (the upper Tetrachord) starts on Scale Degree #5 (sol) and ends on the Keynote, #8, or 'do' 5. Can you think of 2 methods for finding (riting) the 2nd Tetrachord of any Major Scale Method #1: 6. Since the top-note of the 2nd Tetrachord ends on the Keynote, rite 5 -W- 6 -W- 7 -H- 8 under the measure, rite the Keynote above 8, and ork backards. Remember: the Keynote is the name of the Major Scale Method #2: 7. Try this: using your keyboard hand-out rite ANY scale using the W--W--H--W--W--W--H step pattern and then find that scale's 5th scale degree! Next, copy the notes that corrrespond to: 5 -W- 6 -W- 7 -H Let's try Method #2 first! Please complete the folloing: Method #2: Write the 2nd Tetrachord of the Ab Major Scale: 1. In the first measure rite the Ab Major Scale using the pattern of W-W-H-W-W-W-HScale 1 2. In the 2nd measure rite the 2nd Tetrachord by starting on the 5th Scale Degree Remember: the 8 notes must be in alphabetical order (musical alphabet) b b b b b b b 1 W 2 W 3 H 4 W 5 W 6 W 7 H 8 5 W 6 W 7 H 8 2 Method #1: Write the 2nd Tetrachord of the E Major Scale: 1. In the last measure rite 5 -W- 6 -W- 7 -H- 8 under the measure, then rite the Keynote over Scale Degree #8. 2. Next, ork backards, folloing the interval pattern. Remember that as you ork backards the notes ill descend! 3. Last, rite the entire E Major scale, and check that you have ritten the 2nd Tetrachord correctly. Remember: all notes must be in alphabetical order either ascending or descending (musical alphabet) # # # # 1 W 2 W 3 H 4 W 5 W 6 W 7 H 8 5 W 6 W 7 H 8 # # 3 b Use either Method #1 or #2 to rite the 2nd Tetrachord of the Db Major scale: Method #1: rite 5 -W- 6 -W- 7 -H- 8 under the 2nd measure, then rite Db over 8, and ork backards. Method #2: In the 1st measure rite the Db Major Scale using the pattern of W-W-H-W-W-W-HScale, and in the 2nd measure rite the 2nd Tetrachord by starting on the 5th Scale Degree Remember: all notes must be in alphabetical order either ascending or descending (musical alphabet) b b b b b b 1 W 2 W 3 H 4 W 5 W 6 W 7 H 8 5 W 6 W 7 H 8 10

11 Easy Tricks to Recognize Write Major Keys First of all, it s imperative that you learn the progressive order and patterns that Sharps are added in (F-C-G-D-A-E-B) and that Flats are added in (B-E-A-D-G-C-F), but once you ve mastered this, recognizing and creating key signatures can become easy by using these tricks. TO RECOGNIZE SHARP KEYS Look at the very last sharp added to the key signature. Name the note 1/2 step above the last sharp added to the key signature. (Be careful hen many sharps are displayed 1/2 step higher than Es is Fs and 1/2 step higher than Bs is Cs!) Example: If the last sharp displayed in the key signature is Gs the key is A. If the last sharp displayed in the key signature is Ds the key is E. C 0 sharps # # G 1 sharp D 2 sharps # # 1/2 step up A 3 sharps Fs Fs,Cs Fs,Cs,Gs Fs,Cs,Gs,Ds Fs,Cs,Gs,Ds,As Fs,Cs,Gs,Ds,As,Es Fs,Cs,G,D,A,E,B TO WRITE KEY SIGNATURES FOR SHARP KEYS You need to remember that C Major has no key signature and F Major is the only flat key hich DOESN T have flat as part of its name. For all other keys start adding sharps to the staff in order (Fs-Cs-Gs-Ds-As-Es-Bs). Stop hen you ve added a sharp to the note 1/2 step loer than the Key Signature you intend to rite. E 4 sharps 1/2 step up # # B 5 sharps 1/2 step up F # 6 sharps # # b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b C # 7 sharps TO RECOGNIZE FLAT KEYS You need to remember that F Major is the only flat key hich DOESN T have flat as part of its name. The key signature for F Major has only 1 flat (Bf). For all other flat keys, look at the next to the last flat displayed in the key signature and say its name. That s the key! C 0flats b b s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s Example: If the next to the last flat displayed in the key signature is Ef, the key is Ef! F 1flat b b b b Bb 2flats b b b b b b Eb 3flats b b b b b b b b Ab 4flats b b b b b b b b b b Db 5flats b b b b b b b b b b b b Gb 6flats B,E,A,D,G,C b b b b b b b b b b b b b b B B,E B,E,A B,E,A,D B,E,A,D,G B,E,A,D,G,C,F TO WRITE KEY SIGNATURES FOR FLAT KEYS Once again, remember that F Major has only 1 flat (Bf). For all other flat keys (hich ill have flat as part of their name) start adding flats to the staff in our order (Bf-Ef-Af-Df-Gf-Cf-Ff). When you ve added the flat for the key you intend to rite, simply rite one more. Example: If you ant to rite the key signature for Af, you ill add flats to B-E-A and then add one more, on D. If you ant to rite the key signature for Bf, you ill add flats to B and then add one more, on E. Cb 7flats 11

12 9 Key Signature Worksheet COVER THE ANSWERS BELOW. For each key signature, give the MAJOR key it represents and its RELATIVE MINOR: b # b b b b # b b Example: F major d minor b b b # b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b # b b b b b # b b b b Ansers: Treble Clef: F major A Major Ab Major G Major Bb Major d minor f # minor f minor e minor g minor D Major Eb Major B Major Cb Major E Major b minor c minor g # minor ab minor c # minor Bass Clef: Gb Major F # Major Db Major C # Major C Major eb minor d # minor bb minor ab minor a minor Bb Major D Major Eb Major G Major Ab Major g minor b minor c minor e minor f minor 12

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14 Name Date Period: Key Signatures ith Sharps, and Tetrachords What are Tetrachords A tetrachord is a group of four successive notes. Major scales consist of to tetrachords, an upper and a loer one, separated by a hole step. The loer tetrachord is the first four notes of a scale, and the upper tetrachord is the last four notes of a scale. 4 4 œ œ œ œ # of sharps: Loer tetrachord Upper tetrachord œ œ œ œ Find the 1st sharp key by going up a fifth from C: Starting ith C Major, hich has no sharps or flats, e can build a ne scale from its upper tetrachord. The upper tetrachord of C Major - G,A,B,C - forms the loer tetrachord of a G Major scale, hich has one sharp, F#. 3 rite key signature œ œ œ œ # of sharps: # of sharps: # of sharps: # of sharps: # of sharps: # of sharps: Write the upper tetrachord of G Major as the loer tetrachord of the ne sharp key: 6 rite key signature Write the upper tetrachord of Major as the loer tetrachord the ne sharp key: 9 rite key signature Write the upper tetrachord of Major as the loer tetrachord the ne sharp key: 12 rite key signature Write the upper tetrachord of Major as the loer tetrachord the ne sharp key: 15 rite key signature Write the upper tetrachord of Major as the loer tetrachord the ne sharp key: 18 rite key signature Write the upper tetrachord of Major as the loer tetrachord the ne sharp key: 21 rite key signature 14

15 Name Date Period: Key Signatures ith Flats, and Tetrachords What are Tetrachords A tetrachord is a group of four successive notes. Major scales consist of to tetrachords, an upper and a loer one, separated by a hole step. The loer tetrachord is the first four notes of a scale, and the upper tetrachord is the last four notes of a scale. 4 4 œ œ œ œ # of flats: Loer tetrachord Upper tetrachord œ œ œ œ Find the 1st flat key by going up a fourth from C: Starting ith C Major, hich has no sharps or flats, e can build a ne scale from its loer tetrachord. The loer tetrachord of C Major - C,D,E,F - forms the upper tetrachord of an F Major scale, hich has one flat, Bb. 3 rite key signature œ œ œ œ # of flats: # of flats: # of flats: # of flats: # of flats: # of flats: Write the loer tetrachord of F Major as the upper tetrachord of the ne flat key: 6 rite key signature Write the loer tetrachord of Major as the upper tetrachord the ne flat key: 9 rite key signature Write the loer tetrachord of Major as the upper tetrachord the ne flat key: 12 rite key signature Write the loer tetrachord of Major as the upper tetrachord the ne flat key: 15 rite key signature Write the loer tetrachord of Major as the upper tetrachord the ne flat key: 18 rite key signature Write the loer tetrachord of Major as the upper tetrachord the ne flat key: 21 rite key signature 15

16 Tetrachord Revie Quiz #1 Remember the Musical Alphabet! 100 points Name: Date: PERIOD #: 1. Write the Whole (W) Half (H) Step pattern of a Tetrachord: 2. Ho many Tetrachords are in a Major Scale 3. Ho many notes are in a Major Scale (Questions 1-4 are 7 points each) 4. Write the Whole (W) Half (H) Step pattern of a Major Scale: 5. Write ascending 4-note Tetrachords using accidentals and sho the W H step pattern of each: (For Questions 5-6, each tetrachord is 4 points) Remember: the 4 notes MUST be in alphabetical order! Write 1 -W- 2 -W- 3 -H- 4 UNDER each measure! A B C b # D E b F G H I b 6. Write the 2nd (upper) Tetrachord of the Major Scales belo using accidentals, and sho the W H step pattern of each: Remember: the 4 notes MUST be in alphabetical order! Write 1 -W- 2 -W- 3 -H- 4 UNDER each measure! Or, rite 5 -W- 6 -W- 7 -H- 8 UNDER each measure, place the tonic under 8 and ork backards, folloing the intervals. A. CbM: B. C#M: C. EbM: C. BbM: E. AM: F. BM: 7. Using a keyboard handout (or page 37 in your text), rite a Major Scale using accidentals only, starting on a G#. Write the W H step pattern beteen notes, and remember to step up the musical alphabet one-note-letter-name at a time: Hint: at least one double sharp is needed! Remember: the 8 notes MUST be in alphabetical order! Write 1 -W- 2 -W- 3 -H- 4 -W- 5 -W- 6 -W- 7 -H- 8 UNDER the measure! (15 points) # 16

17 Tetrachord Revie Quiz #2 Remember the Musical Alphabet! 100 points Name: Date: PERIOD #: 1. Write the Whole (W) Half (H) Step pattern of a Tetrachord: 2. Ho many Tetrachords are in a Major Scale 3. Ho many notes are in a Major Scale (Questions 1-4 are 7 points each) 4. Write the Whole (W) Half (H) Step pattern of a Major Scale: 5. Write ascending 4-note Tetrachords using accidentals and sho the W H step pattern of each: Remember: the 4 notes MUST be in alphabetical order! Write 1 -W- 2 -W- 3 -H- 4 UNDER each measure! A Use #'s, b's, 's, 's... B # C # (For Questions 5-6, each tetrachord is 4 points) D # E F G # H I 6. Write the 2nd (upper) Tetrachord of the Major Scales belo using accidentals, and sho the W H step pattern of each: Remember: the 4 notes MUST be in alphabetical order! Write 1 -W- 2 -W- 3 -H- 4 UNDER each measure! Or, rite 5 -W- 6 -W- 7 -H- 8 UNDER each measure, place the tonic under 8 and ork backards, folloing the intervals. Use #'s, b's, 's, 's... A. AbM: B. E#M: C. DbM: C. BM: E. GbM: F. G#M: 7. Using a keyboard handout (or page 37 in your text), rite a Major Scale using accidentals only, starting on a Fb. Write the W H step pattern beteen notes, and remember to step up the musical alphabet one-note-letter-name at a time: Hint: at least one double flat is needed! Remember: the 8 notes MUST be in alphabetical order! Write 1 -W- 2 -W- 3 -H- 4 -W- 5 -W- 6 -W- 7 -H- 8 UNDER the measure! (15 points) b 17

18 Key Signature Reference Worksheet Name: Date: Period: A. Complete the folloing Key Signature Name chart MEMORIZE it! 4 Sharp Key Names 4 Flat Key Names key name number of sharps in key key name number of flats in key B. Complete the folloing order of sharps flats MEMORIZE it! Write the order of sharps in sharp key signatures: Write the anachronism used to memorize the order of sharps: Write the order of flats in flat key signatures: Write the acronym used to memorize the order of flats: CM: no flats or sharps in the key signature! CM C. Write the Sharp Key Signatures in the correct order in both Treble and Bass Clef, the keynote in each measure, name them belo and MEMORIZE! 2 9 D. Write the Flat Key Signatures in the corrrect order in both Treble and Bass Clef, the keynote in each measure, name them belo and MEMORIZE! 18

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