Analogy: A comparison based on partial similarity for the purpose of making something clear

Transcription

1 Literary Terms Act: A main divisin f a play r pera Actin: The prcess f ding smething r state f being active Allegry: A fictinal nvel representing a real event Alliteratin: The repetitin f the same sund at the beginning f nearby wrds Analgy: A cmparisn based n partial similarity fr the purpse f making smething clear Antagnist: A character wh is the prtagnist s main ppnent Aphrism: A terse (brief and t the pint) sentence expressing a general thught; prverb Apstrphe: The addressing f wrds t an absent persn as if he were present r t a thing r idea as if it culd understand and appreciate the wrds Appsitive: A nun added t anther nun as an explanatin Archetype: An riginal mdel/pattern frm which cpies are made. A perfect example r specimen Argumentative Essay: An essay ging against a given tpic Assnance: The repetitin f the same r similar vwel sunds within nearby wrds fr musical effect Aside: Out f ne s thughts r cnsideratins Atmsphere: the verall md f a literary piece Audience: the ne/peple the literary piece is intended fr, r the ne/peple reading/watching Autbigraphy: A persn s stry f his r her wn life Balanced Sentence: Tw clauses that match up and have the same tense Ballad: A narrative pem telling a ppular, emtinal stry; rmantic sngs Bias: A prejudice; a narrw, subjective perspective Bigraphy: The stry f a persn s life as tld by anther Blank Verse: A type f unrhymed verse that clsely resembles everyday cnversatin Cacphny: A harsh, clashing sund Cadence: Rhythm; the measure f a beat f any rhythmical mvements Caesura: A pause in a line f a verse Caricature: A flat character, which is identified y cmic, absurd, r grtesque exaggeratin f characteristics

2 Character: The persn r peple in the stry Characterizatin: Descriptin f the characters Chrus: Sng the refrain r repeated lines/phrases. Drama- ne r mre narratives that cmment n the actin r a character s thughts Cliché: An verused, wrn ut phrase Climate Order: Building up t the climax Climax: The height f the tensin in the cnflict, turning pint in the plt Clsing by return: Ending by restating the intrductin Cherence: The quality f being lgical, cnsistent, articulate and easy t fllw Cnnectives: Jining tw r mre peple, things r parts Transitins: A wrd, phrase, r passage that links ne subject r idea t anther in speech r writing Organizatin: The effectiveness f the arrangement f separate cmpnents in a cherent whle Spatial: Relating t Lgical: based n facts, clear ratinal thught, and sensible reasning Chrnlgical: Presented r arranged in the rder in which events ccur r ccurred Repetitin: The repeating f an imprtant phrase r wrd t ensure the audience remembers r realizes the imprtance f it. Parallel Structure: Tw ideas placed side by side with the same grammatical structure Prnun: A wrd that substitutes fr a nun (i.e. I, them, me, yu) Tempral Reference Pints: Guidepsts t shw the audience when an actin takes place Cllquialism: Everyday wrds, phrases and expressins, mre relaxed, infrmal Cln: A rhythmic unit cnsisting f tw t six metrical feet with n main accent Cmedy: A drama that may include mishaps but ends happily. Its intentin is t entertain, but may als be educatinal r persuasive Cmic Relief: A break in an intense scene that breaks the tensin and adds cmedy Cmparisn: The analysis f tw peple, wrks, r bjects discussing the similarities and differences Cmplex Sentence: - dn t need t knw Cmplicatin: an event r character whse intrductin int a stry cause difficulty Cmpsitin: (Visual). Smething created as a wrk f art Cnceit: An imaginative petic image r writing that cntains such an image, especially a cmparisn that is extreme r far-fetched

3 Cnclusin: (effectiveness). The end f a literature piece, brings everything tgether and restates thesis Cncrete Petry: A pem that experiments with the visual affect, and smetimes sund, f wrds and their arrangements Cnflict: The central struggle r prblem that mves the plt frward and mtivates the prtagnist Cnjunctins: A wrd used t link sentences, clauses, phrases r wrds. Cnnectives: A wrd that links sentences, clauses, phrases r wrds Cnntatin: The figurative meaning f a wrd Cnsnance: The repetitin n cnsnant sunds Cntrast: An effect made by placing different things tgether Cnventins: A standard technique r well-used device Cuplet: A stanza f tw lines, usually rhyming Dentatin: The literal meaning n a wrd Detail: The facts abut smething r smene Dialect: A way f speaking r variatin n a language unique t a persn r grup f peple Dialgue: The cnversatin between tw r mre characters invlving the exchanging f ideas r infrmatin Dictin: Authrs chice f wrds Dminant Impressin r Image: The main idea r fcal pint Dramatic Mnlgue: A pem where the speaker addresses an unseen, silent listener. Dynamic Characters: Characters that change Elegy: A pem cmplaining abut lve, sustained frmal lamentatin, r smber meditatins Elizabethan snnet: (Shakespearean snnet). Three quatrains with the rhyming scheme f ABAB CDCD EFEF GG, the last tw lines is usually a turn Ellipsis: The missin f ne r mre wrds frm a sentence Emphasis: Placing stress r fcus n a tpic Emtinal Appeals: Using the emtins f thers fr the persuasin f a pint r cnvincing f an idea

4 Emphatic Devices: Anything that is used t achieve emphasis Repetitin: Saying the same thing ver and ver t stress a pint Fnt: (bld and italics) used t stress certain wrds r pint Shrt Sentences: Quick and t the pint phrases Punctuatin: Cnveys the emtin f the sentence Intrusive phrases r interruptins: A sentence that has either dashes r parentheses that cntain a separate piece f infrmatin Epic: A narrative pem that is lng and abut histric r legendary peple, like a legend Epiphany: A sudden understanding r realizatin Episde: A divisin within a dramatic wrk, within a scene Essay: A frm f writing that explres a tpic in detail and is primarily infrmative Eulgy: A piece f writing praising smene, usually written after the death f said persn Euphny: A pleasant sund, especially in speech r prnunciatin Expsitin: The part f a literature piece that intrduces the characters and their situatins Expsitry Essay: An essay fcused n explaining a tpic r is infrmative Extended Metaphr: A metaphr that is perceived thrughut the entire piece Fable: A brief flk tale tld t illustrate a truth r widely held belief Fantasy: A type f fictin that invlves imaginary/magical/mythical/supernatural events Fictin: A literature piece that invlves imaginary peple and events Figurative Language: Figures f speech, (alliteratin, simile, persnificatin) Flashback: A device prtray past events Freshadwing: Hinting at what is later t cme Frm: The way the infrmatin is presented (pem type, essay type, Etc.) Frame: The backgrund r cntext against r within smething takes place Free Verse: Petry that is based n natural rhythms f phrases and nrmal pauses clse t natural speech, n specific pattern Genre: The type r class f a literary piece Gesture: An actin intended t cmmunicate feelings Haiku: A shrt traditinal Japanese frm f petry that s syllables ges Hyperble: An exaggeratin used t create irny, humr r dramatic effect

5 Iambic Pentameter: Used in petry, a pattern f ten syllables per line, and each pair beginning with an unstressed syllable and ending with a stressed syllable Imagery: The use f images and descriptive wrds t represent bjects, feelings, thughts, Etc. Italian Snnet: A pem that has an eight line stanza (ctave, rhyming pattern abba, abba, presents theme), fllwed by a six line stanza (sestet, rhyming pattern cdecde/cdcdcd/cdedce, develps theme) Interrupted (Intrusive) Phrase: A sentence that has either dashes r parentheses that cntain a separate piece f infrmatin Intrductin: (imprtance and effectiveness). The beginning f a literary piece that usually presents tpic and sets the theme, needed t pen/start the piece Irny: When the unexpected happens Dramatic: When the audience and ther character(s) knw what is the true but the given character is unaware f Situatinal: The ppsite f what was believed t happen Verbal: The cntradictin f what is being said and what is meant Juxtapsitin: When tw r mre things are placed tgether t suggest a link between them r prtray the cntrast between the tw Lead: The first few sentences f a news stry Letters: literature r literary culture, knwledge and educatin Literal Meaning: The actually meaning f the wrds withut interpretatin Lyric: The wrds in a pem r sng Media: Means f cmmunicatin Lg: A business visual that represents it, includes the cmpanies name, address, letterhead, and advertising Mass Media: Media that has a large audience Target Audience: The intended reader, listener, r viewer Headlines: The captin n tp f an article summarizing it Angle: The psitin f hw ne lks at a given tpic Fregrund: t draw attentin t a particular bject r tpic Backgrund: Infrmatin that helps explain a persn r event Lighting: The brightening f a picture t add detail Cntrast: Drawing attentin t a given image by placing darkness next t light Lgical Fallacies: An argument r reasning where the cnclusin des nt fllw the premises Prpaganda: Infrmatin fed t the public that can be true, stretched r lies Clur: Pigments that reflect light in different ways, making them lk different

6 Frm: The way an idea is presented Pster: A printed picture, may have wrds, that is used fr advertising Print: A wrk f art made by putting ink n a raised surface and pressing nt paper, Message: The pint f the advertisement Audience: The peple the advertisement is intended fr Text Chice: Chice f wrds fr captin and lettering Bias: A prejudiced view Memir: Autbigraphical writing Metaphr: A cmparisn between tw bjects withut using like r as Meter: A pattern f rhythm in a line f verse Methds f Develpment: Ways t cnvey a pint in an essay Cmpare and Cntrast: Discussing the similarities and differences between tw given tpics, literary pieces, peple, r bjects Classificatin and Divisin: Putting each discussin tpic in different categries and then further analyzing them Examples and Illustratins: Giving examples n each discussin tpic and then relating them and discussing their relevance t the essay tpic Prcess analysis: Takes apart the tpic and explains it step by step in a understandable way Cause and Effect: Explains a situatin and then the pssible utcme f it Definitin: Simply explains the meaning f the tpic Metnymy: Using a well knwn wrd in replacement f anther wrd r bject Mnlgue: A speech spken by ne persn Md: The verall feeling in a literary piece Msaic: Smething that is made up f a number f different cmpnents Mtif: A recurring theme r idea in a literary piece Mtivatin: The reasn fr ding a given task r behaving in a given manner Myth: A fictinal stry that includes supernatural beings r pwers that explains why things are the way they are Narrative: Writing that tells a stry Narrative Petry: A pem that tells a stry Narratr: The stry teller in a narrative Nnfictin: A literary piece that cnveys factual infrmatin and des nt include creativity Octave: An eight line stanza

7 Ode: A lyric pem that praises a scene r a persn Onmatpeia: When the wrd has the same sund as what it represents Opinin: A persnal view n a given subject Oxymrn: Cntradictry wrds Parable: A shrt flk tale that teaches a mral r a lessn Paradx: An apparent cntradictin r absurdity that is true Parallelism: Similar pints placed side by side, same grammar Pardy: A humrus, exaggerated imitatin f a wrk, style r persn Pastral: Giving f persnal advice ppsed t simply teaching Parts f Speech: The cmpnents f the English language, a.k.a nuns, verbs, adjectives, ECT. Persna: The character wh speaks t the reader r audience in a literary piece Persnificatin: The giving f human qualities t an inanimate bject Perspective: A persn s view n a given tpic Plt: The series f events in a literary piece that makes the stry Expsitin: The beginning f the literary piece that intrduces the characters, sets the scenery and gives the needed backgrund Rising Actin: The pint in the plt that leads t the climax Climax: The height f the tensin, the turning pint in the plt Falling Actin: The part that fllws the Climax where the cnflict is being slved Reslutin: The end f the literary piece where everything cmes tgether and all prblems are figured ut Petic Frms: Different ways petry can be presented Pint f View: The perspective f a literary piece First Persn: In the perspective f an individual, uses me, I, we Secnd Persn: In the perspective f the reader, uses yu Third Persn Limited: In the perspective f an utside narratr, uses they, he, she Third Persn Omniscient: In the perspective f an utside narratr that can g inside the minds f ne r mre f the characters, uses they, he, she, r first persn when inside ther character s heads Prlgue: An intrductin that cmes befre the actual stry giving backgrund infrmatin Prpaganda: Feeding infrmatin t the public that culd be true, stretched r false t persuade them

8 Prprtin: The imprtance f a situatin when cmpared t anther Prps: Smebdy r smething that prvides assistance Prtagnist: The main character in a literary piece, cmes int cnflict with the antagnist Pun: A play n wrds using a wrd with tw meanings, tw similar meanings, r wrds that are very similar Punctuatin: Symbls r marks that rganize sentences and make their meanings mre clear Perid: A dt that signifies the end f a sentence (.) Dash: A shrt line that separates ideas r adds additinal infrmatin (-) Semicln: A dt ver a cmma that breaks up a sentence r list that indicates a medium length pause (;) Cln: Tw dts in a vertical line that divide distinct sectins f a sentence (:) Hyphen: A dash cnnecting a tw part wrd (-) Qutatin Marks: Tw marks that signify spken wrds, a shrt wrk, r t call attentin r the wrd r phrase in a special sense (nickname, irny) ( ) Exclamatin Pints: A lng dash with a dt underneath it representing a strng feeling r cmmand, r an interjectin t shw strng feelings (!) Capitalizatin: Used at the start f a sentence r fr a name f a persn r place Italics: The slping f letters that represent bk titles r shw emphasis Quatrain: A fur line stanza Refrain: The repeated phrase r lines in a pem Repetitin: The repeating f certain wrds r phrases t prvide emphasis Rhetrical Device: A statement that causes the audience t think Rhetrical Questin: A questin that des nt require an answer that prmtes thught and reflectin Rhyme Scheme: The pattern f rhyming in a pem Rhythm: The sund effect f stressed and unstressed syllables Rle Play: Acting ut a scene r situatin Rmance: A brief and intense lve affair Sarcasm: Remarks that mean the ppsite and are used t mck r deride Satire: An essay that uses irny, ridicule, r sarcasm t expse human flaws Scene: Divisins within a dramatic act that separate different events Sentence Fragment: A part f the sentence

9 Sentence Types: The different ways f writing sentences Simple: One main clause that cnsists f a subject and a predicate (everything in a sentence but names) Cmpund: Tw r mre main clauses that are linked by a cnjunctin r semicln Cmplex: One main clause with ne r mre subrdinate clauses Cmpund Cmplex: Tw r mre main clauses with ne r mre subrdinate clauses Balanced: Tw clauses that match up and have the same tense Appsitives: Describes wrds r phrases that refer t the same persn r thing and have the same relatinship t ther sentence elements Catalgue: Plysyndetn: Peridic: Occurring in regular cycles r intervals Sestet: A stanza f six lines Setting: The time and place f an event Simile: A cmparisn using like r as Slilquy: A mnlgue where the character expresses their thughts r feelings Snnet: A lyric pem with furteen lines smetimes uses iambic pentameter Speaker: The narratr in a literary piece Stage Directin: Placement f where an actr must be n the stage Stanza: A gruping f lines in a pem separated by a blank line Steretype: A character that fits the standard image f a given grup Subplt: A secnd minr stry within a literary piece Suspense: The building f tensin t cause uncertainty and excitement Symblism: When an bject r persn represents a different idea Synecdche: A figure f speech in which the wrd fr part f smething is used t mean the whle Syntax: The arrangement f wrds t frm phrases and sentences Tale: A narrative accunt f events Theme: The main message r lessn f a literary piece Thesis Statement: The sentence telling the reader the tpic f the essay Title: The name f the literary piece that gives a small insight t the tpic Tne: The writer s attitude twards the subject

10 Tpic Sentence: The main idea r a paragraph, stated explicitly (clear and bvius) Tragedy: A drama that fcuses n the dwnfall f the prtagnist that ends unhappily Tragic Flaw: A prblem with the prtagnist f a tragedy that causes their dwnfall Tragic Her: The heric prtagnist f a tragedy Transitins: Cnnecting wrds r phrases t allw sectins t flw tgether Understatement: A statement that is deliberately less frceful r dramatic then the subject wuld require Unity: A quality f neness, in which parts flw tgether (everything is interdependent) Villanelle: A 19 line pem that has tw rhymes and cnsists f five tercets (three line stanzas) and a final quatrain, the first and third lines f the first stanza are alternately repeated as a refrain that clses the fllwing stanzas and are jined as a final cuplet f the quatrain (French) Visuals: The message is cnveyed thrugh pictures and images Cmpsitin: the act r prcess f cmbining things t frm a whle Perspective: Ones views n a particular visual Scale: Cntrast: Putting tw ppsites next t each ther t create special effect Clur: Pigments that reflect light differently giving them different shading Balance: The visuals images and pictures are balanced and nt verpwering n ne side Message: The idea cnveyed thrugh the visual Fcal Pint: The main bject in the visual that is the main tpic Vice: The tne perceived thrugh a literary piece