An Introduction to VLSI (Very Large Scale Integrated) Circuit Design

Transcription

1 An Introduction to VLSI (Very Large Scale Integrated) Circuit Design Presented at EE1001 Oct. 16th, 2018 By Hua Tang

2 The first electronic computer (1946) 2

3 First Transistor (Bipolar) First transistor Bell Labs, 1948

4 The First Integrated Circuits Bipolar logic 1960 s ECL 3-input Gate Motorola

5 Basic IC circuit component: MOS transistor MOS: Metal Oxide Semiconductor

6 Intel 4004 Micro-Processor transistors < 1MHz operation 10μm technology 6

7 Transition to Automation and Regular Structures Intel 4004 ( 71) Intel 8080 Intel 8085 Intel 8286 Intel 8486 Courtesy Intel

8 Intel Pentium (IV) microprocessor Million transistors 1.5 GHz operation 0.18μm technology 8

9 Intel Core 2 Duo Processor Million transistors 3 GHz operation 65nm technology 9

10 More recent Processors Million transistors 2 GHz operation 45nm technology 2010 Core i7 1.2 Billion transistors 3.3 GHz operation 32nm technology 2012 Core i7 (newer generations) 1.7 Billion transistors 4.0 GHz operation 22nm technology nm, nm, and nm, nm? 10

11 More recent Processors Source: 11

12 Power Consumption

13 Power density Thermal hot spots 1. Hot spots are smaller in relation to the total die size 2. Scaling typically do NOT reduce power more than they reduce size (say from 90 nm -> 14 nm) 3. multi-core? Lowpower technologies? Source: Digital EE141 Integrated Circuits 2nd Introduction 13

14 Not Only Microprocessors Cell Phone HDTV PDA Small Signal RF Power RF. Power Management Analog Baseband Digital Baseband (DSP + MCU)

15 31 Digital EE141 Integrated Circuits 2nd Source: An Chen, ConFab 2015 Introduction

16 What is a MOS Transistor? A Switch! An MOS Transistor V GS V T V GS S R on D

17 MOS Transistors - Types and Symbols D G S NMOS if G= 1 or Vdd switch on G S D PMOS if G= 0 or Gnd switch on

18 The CMOS Inverter: A First Glance V DD V in V out C L

19 CMOS Inverter First-Order DC Analysis V DD V DD R p V =0 out V =V out DD R n V in = V DD V in = 0

20 NMOS Transistors in Series/Parallel Connection Transistors can be thought as a switch controlled by its gate signal NMOS switch closes when switch control input is high A B X Y Y = X if A and B A X B Y Y = X if A OR B NMOS Transistors pass a strong 0 but a weak 1

21 PMOS Transistors in Series/Parallel Connection PMOS switch closes when switch control input is low A B X Y Y = X if A AND B = A + B A X B Y Y = X if A OR B = AB PMOS Transistors pass a strong 1 but a weak 0

22 Example Gate: NAND

23 Example Gate: NOR

24 Full-Adder A B Cin Full adder Sum Cout

25 The Binary Adder A B Cin Full adder Sum Cout S = A B C i = ABC i + ABC i + ABC i + ABC i C o = AB + BC i + AC i

26 Complimentary Static CMOS Full Adder V DD V DD C i A B A B A B A C i X B C i V DD C i A S C i A B B V DD A B C i A C o B 28 Transistors

27 The Ripple-Carry Adder A 0 B 0 A 1 B 1 A 2 B 2 A 3 B 3 C i,0 C o,0 C o,1 C o,2 C o,3 FA FA FA FA (= C i,1 ) S 0 S 1 S 2 S 3

28 SRAM Memory cell

29 The add-up 32-bit adder: >3, bit comparator: >3, bit multiplier: >50,000 1k SRAM: 6,000

30 Example project: FFT Butterfly Unit Layout

31 8-bit CPU Layout

32 FIR Filter INPUT STORAGE CONT ROL COEFFICIENTS STORAGE x[n]h[k]: ARITHMETIC RESULTS STORAGE Module 1 Control Module Module 2 Input Module Module 3 Coefficients Module Module 4 Arithmetic Module Module 5 Results Storage

33 A Delta-Sigma A/C Converter By: Matt Webb, Hairong Chang

34 Career in VLSI/IC Intel, AMD, Texas Ins.,, National Semi., Cypress Semi,. Apple, Qualcomm, Broadcom, Samsung, Micron, Seagate, WesternDigital Cadence, Synopsys, MentorGraphics Xilinx, Altera,. Picture from Beyond-CMOS Digital EE141 Integrated Circuits 2nd Technology Roadmap, An Chen, Emerging Research Devices (ERD), ITRS Introduction

35 Technology Innovations Driven by Scaling 4 Beyond-CMOS technologies Digital EE141 Integrated Circuits 2nd J. Y.C. Sun, VLSI Tech., T2 (2013) Introduction Source: An Chen, ConFab 2015

36 Contact Information: Office: MWAH 276 Hour: 10-11am, MTWF Phone: Http: