Mixed signal systems and integrated circuits

Transcription

1 Mixed signal systems and integrated circuits Akira Matsuzawa Tokyo Institute of Technology 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 1

2 Contents Mixed signal systems High speed A/D converters High speed D/A converters Sigma delta A/D and D/A converters Wireless systems and RF CMOS circuits PLL and related systems 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 2

3 Aim of this lecture Understanding basic current mixed signal systems Wireless transceiver Image sensor and Plat panel display Understanding basic mixed signal circuit building blocks: basic operation method and basic design method A/D and D/A converter Sigma-delta modulation Phase Lock Loop and Delay Lock Loop Low Noise Amplifier Frequency Mixer Voltage Controlled Oscillator and Frequency Synthesizer Image Sensor, LCD driver, Organic EL driver Understanding current design methodology 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 3

4 1. Mixed signal systems 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 4

5 Current electronics and mixed signal technology 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 5

6 Exciting digital consumer electronics world A new consumer electronics era has been emerged. Key technologies are the digital multimedia and System on a Chip. Broadcasting Communication Network Exciting Multimedia with System LSI Solutions Storage Media Anywhere Audio and Video Better Look Better Sound Higher Quality Media Processor Anytime Semiconductor Technology System and Software Technologies 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 6

7 LCD Driver The LCD driver is a simple example of a mixed signal LSI. LCD Drivers 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 7

8 LCD Driver The LCD driver is an array of DA converters Cotroler 6bit *R,G,B*2=36bit Start Carry #1 #2 #8 Shift Resigter 64 D00-07 D20-27 D40-47 D10-17 D30-37 D50-57 Flip- Flop Flip- Flop 6bits*3=18 6bits*3=18 selector bits*3= * 6 bits Latch 384 * 6 bits Latch * 6 bits level shifter 384 * Voltage Scalling DA Converter 384 output XGA: 1024*RGB (=3072) 3072/384=8LSIs subpixel pixel 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 8

9 Image of current electronics Digital consumer electronics and networking drive current electronics. DAB IEEE 1394, USB, Blue tooth, Wireless LAN CS/BS Digital TV ITS ADSL, FTTH Network HII Station Digital TV Ethenet Home network W-CDMA Home Server DVC DVD 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 9

10 Mixed signal technology :Digital networkings The mixed signal technology enables a high speed digital networking. Data conversion Data and clock recovery Equalization Noise cancellation Encryption Error correction Analog Line I/F DAC DAC DAC DAC Pulse Shaping 6b, 125MHz ADC, DAC Digital TX1 TX2 TX3 TX4 Side-stream Scramber & Trellis,Viterbi Symbol Encoder 250Mbaud (PAM-5) ADC ADC Clock Recovery FFE Slicer DFE Side-stream Descramber & Trellis, Viterbi decoder Analog circuit Digital circuit Echo Canceller 3-NEXTCanceller 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 10

11 x-dsl ADSL and VDSL use the mixed signal technology ADSL-service, 0.5-8Mbps(Dwn)/1Mbps (Up) for 5~6Km VDSL-service, 13-52Mbps(Dwn) for Km, ADSL: 0.1MHz-1.1MHZ VDSL: 2.0MHz-3.5MHz RXin Antialiazing Filter Reconstr action Filter ADC DAC DDFS DDFS Decimation Filter TXout Interpolation Filter Adaptive DFE Error Correction FEC Error Correction FEC 4~256-QAM modulation 60MHz 10-bit ADC and DAC for VDSL 5MS/s 14-bit ADC and DAC for ADSL 96-tap Decision Feedback Equalizer(DFE) T=8 Read-Solomon Forward Error Correction (FEC) 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 11

12 Mixed signal tech. ; Digital read channel Digital storage also needs high speed the mixed signal technologies. Variable Variable Gain Gain Amp. Amp. Analog Analog Filter Filter A to to D Converter Converter Digital Digital FIR FIR Filter Filter Viterbi Viterbi Error Error Correction Correction Data Out Data In (Erroneous) Voltage Voltage Controlled Controlled Oscillator Oscillator Pickup signal Clock Clock Recovery Recovery Data Out (No error) Analog circuit Digital circuit 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 12

13 Mixed signal SoC for DVD RAM system This enables a high readability for a weak signal from the DVD RAM pickup. World fastest and highly integrated mixed signal CMOS SoC 0.18um- edram 24M Tr 16Mb DRAM 500MHz Mixed Signal Goto, et al., ISSCC /10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 13

14 Recent developed mixed signal CMOS LSIs 5G RF LAN 12b 50MHz ADC 2ch 12b 50MHz DAC 2ch Digital network 1394b (1GHz) AFE (Analog Front End) AFE for Digital Camera 12b 20MHz ADC+AGC AFE for ADLS 12b 20MHz ADC+DAC 2GHz RF CMOS 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 14

15 Digital consumer products are ramping up rapidly The DVD (mixed signal) shipment exceeds a conventional VTR (analog) The digital camera (mixed signal) shipment exceeds a conventional optical camera It reaches over 30 Million in the world. 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 15

16 Application area in mixed signal CMOS tech. Almost all the products need the mixed signal CMOS LSI tech. Network Communication Recording Output Input Wireless Wired Cellular phone: PDC, W-CDMA RR-Net: Bluetooth, IEEE Broad cast: STB, DTV, DAB Optical:FTTH, OC-xx Metal: ADSL, VDSL, Power line modem Serial: IEEE1394, USB, Ethernet Parallel: DVI, LVDS DVD, VDC, HDD LCD, PDP, EL, Audio drive Camera, Others Power supply Switching supply, Every LSIs (On-chip) 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 16

17 Digital technology in real world Digital signal suffers heavy damage in the real world. But, a digital can address this issue by own advantages, but needs help of the analog tech. Advantages of Digital Tech. High robustness Programmability Time shift (memory) Error correction High Scalability Media (Cable, Disc, Air, etc) Mixed Mixed signal signal technology (Analog+Digital) Pure digital Noise Distortion Interference Limited bandwidth Real world Damaged digital Reconstruction Not only digital, but also analog; ADC, DAC, Filter, and PLL are needed Recovered digital 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 17

18 Role of current analog technology The role of current analog technology is an interface between digital technology and outer physical world. Analog supports digital. Clock Generation Analog: Physical aspects Digital: Meta-physics Outer world Wireless com. (Brain) Wired com. Digital signal Processing and control Power supply Interface (Sense and actuate organ; Mouse, Eye, Ear, Nose, etc.) Energy conversion Recording Image Audio Motor Sensor (Digestive organ, Circulatory organ) 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 18

19 Basic technology for digital network and storage Network Storage media The analog and the data converter technologies are needed for a digital network and digital storage Analog Processing Data Data Converter Communication Communication processing processing Data Data compression RF A/D Converter Optical I/F D/A Converter Cable drive Signal Generation Mod/ Demod Channel select Error correction Protocol Encryption MPEG2, 4 DSP Codec Analog technology Digital technology 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 19

20 Development of ADCs for digital consumer products Performance Index Number The development of ADCs has contributed to the progress of digital consumer electronics Applied System 8b,120MHz 10b,20MHz Bip / BiCMOS CMOS HDTV Camera Digital OSC Video Switcher 10b, 30MHz 8b,20MHz 6b, 1GHz 10b, 20MHz, 30mW Digital OSC 10b, 300MHz Video Camera Wide-TV MUSE Receiver '85 '90 '95 6b,800MHz Perfec TV 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 20 HDTV Digital Camera 6b, 80MHz 8b, 100MHz DVC DVD

21 Progress in A/D converter; video-rate 10b ADC ADC is a key for the mixed signal technology. We have reduced the cost and power of ADC drastically; 1/ 2,000 in Power and 1/200,000 in cost! CMOS technology attained it. dulling past 20 years Now Conventional product World 1 st Monolithic World lowest power SoC Core Board Level (Disc.+Bip) 20W $ 8,000 Bipolar (3um) 2W $ 800 CMOS (1.2um) 30mW $ 2.00 CMOS (0.15um) 10mW $0.04 Analog Devices Inc. Our development Our development Our development 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 21

22 Progress of video-rate 10b ADC Power consumption has been reduced to 1/1000 during 10 years. Conversion frequency has been increased to 15xduring 10 years. Power consumption ハンディータイプ VCR, カメラ実現へ貢献 Conversion frequency HDTV 実現へ貢献 この速度は現在でもトップ この消費電力は現在でもトップレベル 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 22

23 Early stage mixed signal CMOS LSI for CE The success of CMOS ADC and DAC enabled the low cost mixed signal CMOS LSI. This also enabled low cost and low power digital portable AV products Model: Portable VCR with digital image stabilizing 6b Video ADC Digital Video filter System block diagram 8b low speed ADC;DAC 8b CPU 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 23

24 Mixed signal system: Digital Camera A current camera system uses the digital technology. 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 24

25 Ultra-high speed ADCs Ultra-high speed ADCs have been developed. 8b, 120MHz, (1984) World fastest 8b ADC 8b, 600MHz ADC (1991) World fastest 8b ADC 6b, 1GHz ADC (1991) World fastest in production (Dual Parallel method) 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 25

26 Digital Oscilloscope Ultra-high speed ADCs have realized Digital Oscilloscopes. 横河電機 : 8b 1GHz (1994 年 ) 松下通信工業 :10b 100MHz OSC (1986 年 ) 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 26

27 Progress in high-speed ADC High speed ADC has reduced its the power and the area down to be embedded. World fastest 6b ADC ISSCC b, 1GHz ADC 2W, 1.5um Bipolar ISSCC World fastest CMOS ADC Reported Pd of CMOS ADCs ISSCC b, 800MHz ADC 400mW, 2mm umCMOS 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 27 Pd/2 N [mw] World lowest Pd HS ADC 7b, 400MHz ADC 50mW, 0.3mm umCMOS mW/Gsps 1mW/Gsps This Work 1 order down 1 10 Conversion rate [x100msps]

28 System: DVD player A current electrical system is complicated and needs the analog and the memory High-speed Analog-Digital Analog Optical Disc Optical Head Driver Head Amp Pre Amp Analog Front End Red Laser Photo-receptive Compound Red Laser Unit Read Channel CD DEM ODC Memory 4M DRAM Demodulation ECC AV Decoder Copy Protection 32bit MCU DRAM Embedded 16M SDRAM MPEG 2 Video AC-3 3 Audio Media Core Processor MPEG Algorithm Video Output AC-3 3 Output Stereo Output Servo DSP Servo DSP System Controller MCU System Controller MCU Console Panel :First-Gen. :Third-Gen. OS API :Second-Gen. :Fourth-Gen. 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 28

29 Full DVD system integration in 0.13um tech. Advanced mixed signal SoC has been successfully developed. Okamoto, et al., ISSCC um, Cu 6Layer, 24MTr CPU1 System Controller VCO ADC CPU2 Front-End Analog FE +Digital R/C PRML Read Channel Servo DSP AV Decode Processor Pixel Operation Processor IO Processor Gm-C Filter Back -End Analog Front End 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 29

30 Cost reduction in DVD Recorder The one-chip integration for hole DVD system has been realized. This makes circuit board simpler and contribute to the cost down, as well as the performance up Model 2003 Model 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 30

31 Scaled CMOS technology Current Scaled CMOS technology is very artistic. Matsushita s 0.13um CMOS technology Gate SiO 2 Seven lattices Si 100nm Transistor Cu Interconnection 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 31

32 CMOS as analog device CMOS has many issues as analog device, but also has a variety of circuit techniques Switch action Low Input current CMOS Bipolar Comment High gm - + CMOS is ¼ of Bip. Low Capacitance + - This results in Cp issue f T + + Almost same Only CMOS can realize switched capacitor circuits Voltage mismatch CMOS is 10x of Bip. 1/f noise CMOS is 10x to 100x of Bip. Low Sub. effect - + Offset cancel Analog calibration Digital calibration Embed in CMOS CMOS has a variety of techniques to address the self issues 5/10/2005 A. Matsuzawa 32