Introduction to Digital Logic Missouri S&T University CPE 2210 Introduction and Application Areas

Transcription

1 Introduction to Digital Logic Missouri S&T University CPE 2210 Introduction and Application Areas Egemen K. Çetinkaya Egemen K. Çetinkaya Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology 24 August 2016 rev Egemen K. Çetinkaya

2 Introduction and Overview Outline Introduction and history Applications Digital signals and systems Summary 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 2

3 Introduction and Overview What is Digital Logic? Digital data: discrete, non-continuous values Logic: study of (mathematical) reasoning Others: Informal logic Formal logic Symbolic logic Mathematical logic 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 3

4 Introduction and Overview Brief History 1847: Boolean algebra George Boole, John Venn, and Charles Sanders Peirce 1938: application of logic on circuits Claude E. Shannon 1946: ENIAC; first digital computer 1948: invention of AT&T Bell labs John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley 1965: Moore s law number of components on ICs will double every year 2000s: billions of transistors in ICs 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 4

5 History Vacuum Tube 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 5

6 History First Transistor 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 6

7 History First Planar IC 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 7

8 Introduction and Overview What are application areas? What are the application areas of digital logic? Egemen K. Çetinkaya 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 8

9 Healthcare Introduction and Overview What are application areas? Finance and business Consumer electronics Communications Transportation Buildings 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 9

10 Application Areas Transportation Boeing 787 Dreamliner Cockpit Google Self-Driving Car USS Gerald R. Ford with Japan s maglev train (603 km/h) Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 10

11 Application Areas Healthcare pacemaker Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) medical ventilator defibrillator 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 11

12 Application Areas Consumer Electronics 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 12

13 Application Areas Communications 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 13

14 Introduction and Overview What are application areas? Many application areas To improve quality of life Requires collaborative efforts to design multiple teams multiple cultures multiple nations 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 14

15 Digital vs. Analog Analog Signal Signal: physical phenomenon has unique value at every instant of time Analog signal (aka continuous signal) Infinite set of possible values Examples: temperature: F degrees human speech pressure light value time Possible values: 1.00, 1.01, ,... infinite possibilities 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 15

16 Digital vs. Analog Digital Signal Signal: physical phenomenon has unique value at every instant of time Digital signal (aka discrete signal) Finite set of possible values Examples: pressing a button on keypad switch on/off value time Possible values: 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. That s it. 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 16

17 Digital Systems Representations Digital signals represented by two values on/off, 0/1 Two-value representation: binary representation A single value is called bit (binary digit) Digital system: take digital inputs generates digital outputs Digital circuits: connection of digital components value Embedded systems: for a particular purpose 1 0 time 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 17

18 Why binary system? Digital Systems Representations 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 18

19 Why binary system? Digital Systems Representations Ease of operation compared to 3 digits or more ease of storage, computing, transmission Transistors operate on two-value logic transistor is a basic electrical circuit component 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 19

20 Digital-Analog Conversion (a) ADC (A2D) and DAC (D2A) wire microphone analog-todigital converter Volts samples Egemen K. Çetinkaya analog signal on wire time digitized signal (b) read from tape, CD, etc. wire speaker digital-toanalog converter Volts analog signal reproduced from digitized signal time 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 20

21 Digital vs. Analog Pros and Cons What are the pros and cons of analog vs. digital? 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 21

22 Digital vs. Analog Pros and Cons What are the pros and cons of analog vs. digital? Analog signal is prone to noise amplified during transmission, storage, processing Digitized analog signal is never exact due to sampling Digital signal can be compressed repetitive patterns can be encoded in other way August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 22

23 Digital Systems Block Diagram input controller actuator process output sensor Basic elements 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 23

24 Digital Systems Components analog phenomena electric signal A2D digital data digital data sensors and other inputs Digital System D2A electric signal actuators and other outputs digital data digital data Transducer: sensor + actuator Not all sensors/actuators require A2D/D2A conversion Digital system can be implemented: microprocessor readily available, cheap, easy to program, easy to reprogram custom circuit smaller, faster, consume less power 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 24

25 Introduction and Overview Summary Binary logic is the basis for digital systems Early history goes to 1850s not much done till 1938 significant progress after World War II with invention of transistor last decade is head-spinning There are many application areas of digital systems very pervasive in our lives Analog signals are continuous signals Digital signals are discrete signals 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 25

26 References and Further Reading [V2011] Frank Vahid, Digital Design with RTL Design, VHDL, and Verilog, 2nd edition, Wiley, August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 26

27 End of Foils 24 August 2016 MST CPE2210 Introduction and Motivation 27