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1 SHARP News Volume 23 Number 1 Artile 1 Winter 2014 Volume 23, Number 1 Follow this and additional works at: Reommended Citation (2014) "Volume 23, Number 1," SHARP News: Vol. 23: No. 1. Available at: This Artile is brought to you for free and open aess by SholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been aepted for inlusion in SHARP News by an authorized editor of SholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please ontat sholarworks@library.umass.edu.

2 et al.: Volume 23, Number 1 SHARP News Volume 23, Number 1 Winter 2014 Conferene Review Printing as an agent of hange in Tibet and beyond Pembroke College, Cambridge November 2013 This suessful and fasinating workshop was organised by the Mongolia and Inner Asia Studies Unit at Cambridge, prinipally by Dr Hildegard Diemberger and Dr Mihela Clemente. Printing in Tibet might seem of minority interest but it goes bak to the early fifteenth entury and the workshop addressed some fundamental problems of global printing history. Furthermore, while Tibet was the fous of the disussion, some of the papers brought in omparative perspetives on Europe, China, Mongolia, Japan, and Bhutan. The workshop brought together speialists on early Tibetan printing, leading sholars on the materiality and tehnology of the book in Asia, and experts on paper and pigment researh. The aim of the workshop was to explore reent developments in the history of the book in Tibet and to plae those in the ontext of the histories of printing and the book in Asia, always with an eye to Elisabeth Eisenstein s researh on the European printing revolution and the debates that have swirled around her pathbreaking book. The first day was mostly dediated to reent findings, for work by Tibetan and Western sholars sorting out the sattered remains of old books in remote temple arhives has brought to light some important and spetaular disoveries. The earliest printing in Tibetan sript onsisted of ritual formulas, and the earliest printed ritual text dates from 1153 and omes from Khara Khoto. Some of the earliest printing projets were arried out in what is now Beijing in the Yuan Dynasty, from around the 1270s onwards; these were of ourse blokprinted books and they were often produed under the patronage of Mongolian empresses. Sherab Sangpo, of Tibet University and the dpal brtsegs Researh Institute in Lhasa, showed that opies of these have now been found in Tibet, demonstrating that though they were originally printed for religious merit they did in fat reah Tibetan monasteries: they reflet the wide range of books printed, from philosophial treatises to medial texts and religious ompendia. Tsering Dawa Sharshon, Franz-Karl Ehrhard, and others then spoke about the ways in whih new disoveries were asting light on the beginnings of printing in Tibet itself, showing that from the opening years of the fifteenth entury a variety of Buddhist works began to be printed in Tibetan, most being hagiographies, the writings of religious teahers, manuals on religious praties, and medial works. In some ases texts were illustrated with images of deities and religious masters, printed from finely arved bloks and sometimes hand oloured. Marta Sernesi foused on the life and the prodution of one of the artists involved in this proess. Mihela Clemente pointed out the ontroversial aspets of printing history in Tibet, raising many questions about the impat of xylography on Tibet. Dorji Gyaltsen of the National Library of Bhutan explored the early history of the book in Bhutan: this region, whih was onneted to the Tibetan empire, is likely to have seen manusript prodution in the eighth or ninth enturies but hardly anything remains from that time apart from temple buildings. In terms of printing, sine the language of Buddhism and learning in Bhutan was Tibetan for the most part, the need for anonial books was supplied by imports from Tibet, but from at least the sixteenth entury, and probably rather earlier, books were being printed in Bhutan that met loal needs, suh as biographies of religious figures and literary writings by Bhutanese. Bhutan also beame an important soure of paper for Central Tibetan printing houses. The seond day started with a number of papers showing the uses of tehnology: pigment analysis for examining painted illustrations in manusripts and prints, dendrohronology for dating wooden book overs, and analysis of materials used to make paper in Tibet. There was also a most impressive demonstration of the database that is being produed in Cambridge for the projet Transforming tehnologies and Buddhist book ulture, whih aims at being the starting point for the onstrution of a dialogue between sholars working on prints from different perspetives. In the afternoon, and on the third day, Tibetan book history was plaed in a broader ontext. Peter Burke drew upon his vast knowledge of the subjet to address the global history of the book, summarising the effets of print as the amplifiation of texts, inreased opportunities for the aumulation of knowledge, the fixation of languages and texts, the relativisation of knowledge (the Montaigne effet, he termed it) and the onstitution of ommunities through print as disussed by Benedit Anderson. He drew attention to the importane of the roads not taken, suh as the lak of interest in typography in China after its invention in the eleventh entury and the extreme relutane to take to print in the Islami world. He also onsidered whether a tehnology ould be said to be an agent of hange and onluded that it ould if the onsequenes were unintended by the human agents involved. Johan Elverskog spoke about the insignifiane of vernaular printing in Mongolia and strongly emphasized the lak of any sense in Asia that printing was revolutionary or something to be elebrated like the supposed hundredth anniversary of Gutenberg in Europe in Other omparative ontributions ame from Camillo Formigatti, who drew attention to... /2 Contents Conferene Review 1 The Prez Speaks 2 In Short 3 Book Reviews 4 Exhibition Reviews 13 Leture Review 14 The SHARP End 15 Bibliography 16 Published by SholarWorks@UMass Amherst,

3 2 Winter 2014 SHARP News Editor Sydney Shep, Wai-te-ata Press Vitoria University of Wellington PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand 6140 Editorial Assistant 23.1 Sara Bryan Publiation Assistant, Wai-te-ata Press Review Editors Joanna Howe, Books Europe Bath Spa University, UK Millie Jakson, Books Amerias University of Alabama, AL, USA Susann Liebih, Books Australasia/Paifi James Cook University, QLD, AUS Abhijit Gupta, Books South Asia Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India Lisa Pon, Exhibitions Southern Methodist University, TX, USA Katherine Harris, E-Resoures San Jose State University, CA, USA Bibliographer Meraud Ferguson Hand Oxfordshire, UK Ceile M. Jagodzinski Bloomington, IN, USA Subsriptions The Johns Hopkins University Press Journals Publishing Division PO Box 19966, Baltimore, MD SHARP News [ISSN ] is the quarterly newsletter of the Soiety for the History of Authorship, Reading and Publishing, In.. The Soiety takes no responsibility for the views asserted in these pages. Copyright of ontent rests with ontributors; design opyright rests with the Soiety. Set in Adobe Garamond with Wingdings. COPY DEADLINES: 1 Marh, 1 June, 1 September, 1 Deember SHARP WEB: SHARP News, Vol. 23, No. 1 [2014], Art /1 the very late development of Sanskrit printing in India, from Imre Galambos, who spoke on printing by the Tanguts in the eleventh and twelfth enturies, and from Tim Barrett, who, setting out from the earliest known printed Tibetan ritual formula preserved in the Dunhuang olletion, drew attention to the multipliity of printing forms that predated and o-existed with the prodution of printed books at large. He also drew attention to the role of Māhayāna literature, marginal in the homeland of Buddhism, but highly influential in promoting the prodution and distribution of Buddhist texts aross Asia. The writer of this review foused on Japanese printing in the eighth entury and highlighted the role of a woman emperor in the patronage of printing. Hildegard Diemberger showed that this is refleted in omparable experienes among Mongolian empresses of the Yuan ourt and Tibetan fifteenth and sixteenth entury women who were involved in the prodution of printed works in various apaities and in reading praties. For those who were not Tibetologists, the workshop was an eye-opener. The quantities of data, partiularly in the olophons of fifteenth and sixteenth-entury imprints, and the invaluable databases of names assoiated with fifteenth-entury imprints have given Tibetan book history a sophistiation and importane that is deeply impressive. Like many other Asian book ultures, that of Tibet hallenges many of the assumptions about book history that derive from European experiene. For example, printing in the fifteenth entury had nothing to do with ommere but was the de fato preserve of monasteries, who were undertaking printing for merit, or beause a wealthy patron was prepared to sponsor it in order to gain power, or beause the followers of a revered teaher wished to preserve and spread his teahings to make their lineage more authoritative. In other words, printing in Tibet fails to demonstrate the kind of soially transformative effets we are used to from Eisenstein s study, but then Tibet is not alone in this: the same an be said of Russia, Korea, and Japan. That is not to say that print in Tibet was without signifiane. On the ontrary, it did have some of the effets pointed out by Peter Burke, suh as the onentration of knowledge and the fixation of languages and texts, while the question of the extent to whih it was instrumental in widening readership and literay is still open to debate as the data on this are santy and have to be gleaned from the mention of reading praties and the SHARP News Vol. 23, no. 1 irulation of texts in biographies and other historial materials. Printing ontributed to the making of Tibetan lassis, suh as the biography of Milarepa by Tsangnyon Heruka whih, as Ben Norse showed, was re-printed innumerable times and spread right aross the Tibetan Buddhist world as far as Mongolia, in ontrast to other biographial aounts of the same master whih had muh more limited irulation. As pointed out by Mihela Clemente, the irulation and reprints of the Maņi bka bum, whih has been identified by Georges Dreyfuss as an important text in the development of Tibetan proto-nationalism, may point to a link between printing and the onsolidation of a Tibetan sense of identity refleting a ommon imperial legay, a sense of territory and a shared history. Leonard van der Kuijp disussed early eighteenth-entury prints of an important work of Tibetan astro-siene whih has reently emerged and reflets both Chinese osmology and Western ideas on the universe of the seventeenth and eighteenth enturies. All in all, the rih materials presented at the onferene put Tibetan book prodution in a wider ontext reminding us how printing tehnology was always tied losely to the ultural ontext in whih it was implanted. Peter Korniki Robinson College, Cambridge The Prez Speaks Sheduling a SHARP annual onferene isn t easy. Traditionally they ve been held in July but that hasn t always fitted with loal irumstanes: July is, for example, often a very busy time for North Amerian summer shools held in the UK and Ireland and so both Oxford (2008) and Dublin (2012) had to be sheduled in June. There are other ompliations. We try to avoid lashing with other onferenes or, indeed, international events (suh as the Olympis) but sometimes it an be useful to plan the onferene dates deliberately to oinide with another related onferene suh as when we sheduled Helsinki (2010) in August, immediately before the five-yearly meeting of CISH in Amsterdam. Moreover, for an international organisation, no single month is ideal for everyone: July onferenes aren t easy for those oming from the Southern Hemisphere, for example. (The two antipodean members of the Exeutive Counil are doing their best to get me to stop 2

4 SHARP News Vol. 23, no. 1 et al.: Volume 23, Number 1 Winter 2014 d 3 referring to SHARP s summer onferenes for that very reason ) This year s onferene, < sharp2014.be/>, has been sheduled for September to oinide with a major doubleexhibition to be held in Antwerp: Sared Plaes and Pilgrimage, and Sared Books. We realised a September date would be more diffiult for some members, espeially those teahing at North Amerian universities, but we sounded out our Board of Diretors about speifi dates, and also made a point of announing the dates muh earlier than usual. If the numbers of proposals reeived is any guide, it looks like Antwerp will be as popular as any previous SHARP onferene. For those you who have submitted proposals, you will shortly be hearing about whether or not you were suessful. I ve been involved in the seletion proess for a number of SHARP onferenes (inluding this year s), and the evaluation of proposals is never an easy task: partly beause of the sheer number (usually about twie as many as we an aommodate) and partly beause of the inreasingly impressive quality of the proposals themselves. Every year we have to turn down exellent papers, simply beause there isn t enough spae in the programme. (There is still time, inidentally, to submit a proposal for the Digital Showase at Antwerp: < deadline 30 January.) Conferenes are entral to SHARP s ativities, and it s vital that they are fora for the very best of book historial sholarship, in all its diverse forms. However, they also need to provide opportunities for us to try out new ideas and new approahes, and to ritique established ways of thinking. Maintaining this balane is diffiult, and even though I think we get it right most of the time, I realise that this is no onsolation when your proposal has been turned down. Rejetions are always disheartening, and for those who may be disovering SHARP for the first time, it might mean they don t try again next year. There are various ways we an mitigate this. First of all, we an run more onferenes and other events. For many years, SHARP has been supporting foused onferenes in addition to the main annual onferene: Sydney (2003), Kolkata (2006), Venie (2007), Cape Town (2007), Copenhagen (2008), Brisbane (2011), Nany (2012), Le Mans (2013), La Plata (2013). (The next SHARP News will ontain a report on La Plata, SHARP s first South Amerian onferene!) These foused onferenes have provided a forum for sholars who might not have attended our annual onferene; moreover, in a ouple of ases, a foused onferene has led, a few years later, to an annual onferene in the same ountry or region. Through the work of our regional liaisons, we are able to support a whole series of loal symposia and events. In addition, we re hoping to run a global onferene some time this year: more details to follow! (Members who are interested in organising a SHARP-foused onferene should ontat Bertrum MaDonald, our Member-at-Large, in the first instane: <atlarge@sharpweb.org>; those seeking to organise a smaller loal event should ontat Simon Frost, External Affairs Diretor: <external@sharpweb.org>, or your regional liaison: < images/pdfdos/liaisonsgeo.pdf>.) We re also thinking about how we run all our onferenes. Many of you will be familiar with the online systems that we, along with other organisations, use to handle onferene proposals. For several years, these have been set up by the individual onferene organisers meaning extra work for them and a lak of ontinuity between onferenes and so from 2014, SHARP will be hosting an online proposal system for all future SHARP onferenes. We re about to begin a omprehensive revision of our onferene manual, and will be approahing both past and future onferene organisers for their omments and advie. We an now provide dediated webspae for all onferenes if they wish. We re reviewing our evaluation proedure for the annual onferenes. At the moment, there is a loal programme ommittee, along with two representatives from SHARP and a representative from the following year s onferene. Prior to Antwerp, eah member of this ommittee had to review every one of the several hundred proposals reeived; this time, proposals have been tagged as they were submitted, and so eah ommittee member has been alloated a smaller group of proposals based on their own areas of expertise. Eah proposal will still be blind reviewed by at least three members of the ommittee, and all border-line proposals will be reviewed again. With this new proedure, we aim to be more effiient and, ruially, more effetive in evaluating proposals fully and fairly. One the final seletions have been onfirmed, we ll reflet on how well this has worked, and will think about how we might improve this for future years; we are also investigating other models (partiularly those in the Digital Humanities field). Again, it s about striking an important balane: ensuring a degree of ontinuity between onferenes but without either losing the vital loal intelletual harater that eah onferene has or preventing us from hearing new voies. I d very muh welome your thoughts! We ve taken an important step towards our goal of having a fully searhable online diretory of members researh interests. Johns Hopkins University Press (who run our membership servies) have reated an interfae that allows members to searh by region of interest, subjet, and period: < sharp.press.jhu.edu/gi-bin/aess.gi?uri=/ gi-bin/membership_diretory.gi>, also available at: < (You need your usual SHARP log-in details, whih you an get from < edu/gi-bin/aess.gi?uri=/gi-bin/home. gi>, or < It s still a work-in-progress, not least beause many of us have had to tik the multiple option when it ame to identifying a period or topi. We re working with JHUP to hange this, and to enable members to edit their own researh interests online. We hope this should be in plae by the summer. Finally, ongratulations are due to Patrik Crowley, Robb Haberman, Jillian Linster, and Nikolaus Wasmoen, who have been awarded SHARP-Rare Book Shool sholarships, and to Hannah Alpert-Adams and Madison Bush, who have been awarded SHARP-California Rare Book Shool sholarships. Oh, and in ase you missed it: the dates for the 2015 annual onferene, to be held in Montreal/Sherbrooke, are 6 11 July. Happy New Year! Ian Gadd, President <president@sharpweb.org> In Short Mitteilungen der Gesellshaft für Buhforshung im Österreih Edited by Peter R. Frank and Murray G. Hall. ISSN p. This issue ontains artiles on imperial newspapers , Jewish periodials in Austria in the years after 1945, the situation of small shops in Austria after 1995, provenane studies onerning Linz et., as well as reviews and noties about projets in European book studies. Fritz Levy University of Washington Published by SholarWorks@UMass Amherst,

5 4 Winter 2014 SHARP News, Vol. 23, No. 1 [2014], Art. 1 SHARP News Vol. 23, no. 1 Book Reviews Alessandro Arienzo and Alessandra Petrina, eds. Mahiavellian Enounters in Tudor and Stuart England: Literary and Politial Influenes from the Reformation to the Restoration. Farnham, UK, and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, Anglo-Italian Renaissane Studies Series, xiv, 204p., ill. ISBN This sholarly and informative volume is a olletion of essays reappraising the impat of Mahiavelli in England between the early sixteenth entury and There is an introdution by the editors followed by eleven hapters by various sholars, and a brief postsript by Jaob Soll entitled Epilogue: Was England Different? (185 88). Alessandra Petrina s opening hapter demonstrates that English writers, or at least some of them, beame aquainted with Mahiavelli s work as early as the reign of Henry VIII, and not (as is sometimes supposed) in the reign of Elizabeth. Maria Grazia Dongu shows that Edward VI s tutor and seretary William Thomas was familiar with the Istorie Fiorentine. Valentina Lepri douments the influene of Mahiavelli on late-sixteenthentury English olletions of politial maxims. Ioannis D. Evrigenis questions the ommon laim that Sir Walter Raleigh was a follower of Mahiavelli, arguing that it rests on the doubtful attribution to Raleigh of two olletions of maxims. In Raleigh s History of the World whih ran to 1400 pages in the first edition of 1614 he mentions Mahiavelli just eight times, following him on merenaries, but not on virtue of fortune. Raleigh turns out to have been a very autious Mahiavellian, if he was one at all. Enrio Stani disusses the influene of Mahiavelli on Marlowe s Jew of Malta, while Conny Loder and Rosanna Camerlingo provide interesting analyses of the Mahiavellian ontext of Shakespeare s King John and Henry V. Camerlingo puts forward some thought-provoking, if speulative, suggestions on links between Shakespeare s ideas and those of the Italian exile and Oxford law professor Alberio Gentili. Gentili also features in Diego Pirillo s Republianism and Religious Dissent: Mahiavelli and the Italian Protestant Reformers, whih takes the story into the seventeenth entury. Alessandro Arienzo disusses the use of ideas of reason of state, whih were onneted to Mahiavelli s thinking, in early Stuart politial ulture, showing that they were harnessed to the servie of parliament as well as the rown. Maro Bardui surveys the thought of mid-seventeenth entury parliamentarian writers inluding Harrington, and onviningly ontends that though they did draw on Mahiavelli they were eleti in their use of soures and annot be simply lassified as Mahiavellians. One of the authors upon whom they drew was Hobbes. In the final hapter of this volume, Fabio Raimondi writes on Mahiavelli s Disorsi and Hobbes s Leviathan: Religion as Ideology. This olletion of essays demonstrates that Mahiavelli exerised a onsiderable influene over a variety of English writers. The general tenor of the volume, however, is to tone down some earlier laims for Mahiavelli s importane. The Florentine has been seen as of ruial signifiane to the English and Amerian republian traditions, and as the thinker who played the greatest role in transmitting anient lassial republian ideas to the Atlanti arhipelago. But here English republians are portrayed as eleti folk rather than devoted followers of Mahiavelli. Raleigh emerges as only slightly Mahiavellian. The other essays similarly desribe the Italian s impat in nuaned and tentative terms. The book has a bibliography ( ), but it does not list all the works that are referred to in the notes. Modern sholars who might have been more extensively ited inlude Quentin Skinner and Vikie Sullivan. John Donne is onspiuously absent; Mahiavelli played a key role in his anti-jesuit satire Ignatius his Conlave. There are oasional slips. For example, we are told that In 1620, the English Parliament passed laws instituting praties of state aounting and politial aountability (120). There was no parliament of The losest, the parliament of 1621, passed no laws, as the King dissolved it before it had a hane to do so. Despite oasional imperfetions, this is a well-produed and luidly written olletion, whih deserves to be read by sholars interested in early modern politial thought, the English fae of Mahiavelli, and Anglo-Italian literary, intelletual, and ultural relations. Johann Sommerville University of Wisonsin, Madison Dean Baldwin. Art and Commere in the British Short Story, London: Pikering & Chatto, xii, 220p. ISBN / US $99 (hardbak). This is a valuable, empirially-based study of the literary and ommerial ontexts of the short story market in Britain between 1880 and As Baldwin notes, histories of the short story have paid sant attention to the importane of eonomi and publishing ontexts, and our understanding of the field has been restrited to speialised studies of individual authors and magazines. Previous sholarship has ast light on the ontexts surrounding the expansion of the market in the late nineteenth entury and the suessful exploitation of the short story form by writers suh as Conan Doyle, Stevenson, Kipling, and Hardy. Baldwin s study goes beyond that period and provides a omprehensive aount of the ontinued market for short stories in the twentieth entury, making a signifiant ontribution to our understanding of the literary ulture of that period. Baldwin plaes the emergene of the short story form in the ontext of hanges in tehnology and industry struture, opyright law, publishing patterns, and the pratie of authorship. He argues that short fition as an eonomially or aesthetially suessful genre did not emerge until the 1880s (9), and shows how hanging publishing praties inluding the proliferation of newspapers and magazines and the expansion of international markets introdued a new demand for the form. Along the way, valuable data about the eonomis of authorship (via an illuminating hapter on the soioeonomis of authors earnings and inomes) and hanging attitudes to short stories among the reviewing establishment are assembled. The main strength of Baldwin s work is the tremendous range of arhival evidene on whih he draws, inluding the reords of publishing houses (e.g. Jonathan Cape, Chatto & Windus, Mamillan); newspaper arhives (Tillotson s); literary agents (A. P. Watt, Pinker, Curtis Brown, A. D. Peters, Paul Reynolds); as well as the arhives of the Soiety of Authors and of individual writers. He has left few stones unturned, and if at times the range of evidene brought to bear on the arguments means that there is more breadth than depth to the analysis, his onlusions arry substantial authority. He asts an expert eye over the full range of the literary market, from newspapers and popular fition 4

6 SHARP News Vol. 23, no. 1 et al.: Volume 23, Number 1 Winter 2014 d 5 magazines to fine presses and avant-garde literary periodials, and harts the demand for short stories in volume form. He also draws on a large, representative sample of authors from modernists suh as Woolf, Lawrene, and Mansfield to more middlebrow writers suh as E. M. Delafield, H. E. Bates, A. E. Coppard, and V. S. Prithett. More might have been said about the lower reahes of the market the writers of pulp fition magazines and those sores of authors who managed to make a living out of writing for women s magazines in the interwar period but here the evidene is harder to trae. The organisation of Baldwin s book thirteen short hapters sometimes means that the interonnetedness of the various fators at play (authorship, publishing, magazines, books, reviewing, literary ontent, and style) is not drawn out as effetively as one might hope. Indeed, the penultimate hapter, whih offers short ritial analyses of individual stories by Arnold Bennett, Coppard, Delafield, Sylvia Townsend Warner, Elizabeth Bowen, Liam O Flaherty, Prithett, and Bates, serves to isolate literary ritiism from the bibliographial and ommerial ontexts surveyed so autely in the rest of the book. Nevertheless, this is a study that will be returned to as muh for the evidene it assembles as its overall arguments, and for this reason literary and book historians owe Baldwin a onsiderable debt. Andrew Nash University of Reading John Bidwell. Amerian Paper Mills , A Diretory of the Paper Trade with Notes on Produts, Watermarks, Distribution, Methods, and Manufaturing Tehniques. Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College Press, in assoiation with the Amerian Antiquarian Soiety, lxxxvi, 340p., 105 ill. ISBN US $150 (hardover). ISBN US $ (ebook). Paper is so ubiquitous that we rarely attend to the individual ways it rosses our lives: rough paper for wrapping fish and ladding orrugated board, newsprint for newspapers, magazines, and ephemera, fine writing, drawing, and printing papers, elaborately engineered papers for our urreny, the distintive odors of old books in bookshops and libraries the textures, finishing, smells of paper, all are endless, and frequently surprising. SHARPists, however, must have reasons, at least from time to time, to query a paper in front of them, whether that of a letter, a broadside, a pamphlet, or a book or a mere mention of paper in a publiation. Unless they never sully themselves with materials pre-1850, they will have firm reason to beome familiar with the magisterial 60-page introdution of John Bidwell s definitive study of Amerian paper manufature prior to 1832 (with information overlapping more deeply into the nineteenth entury). The first mill was established in 1690 by William Rittenhouse (an immigrant with experiene in Duth mills) and three partners (a loth merhant, an ironmonger, and a printer) on a stream near Philadelphia; with numerous hanges in the partnership, it was extinguished by flood in This brief outline is harateristi of most of the 509 mills Bidwell desribes: the apital required ould rarely be provided by the papermaker alone, so partnerships were typial, partiularly when partners brought self-interest or relevant skills as well as funds. Hene a dealer in loth might help initiate a ontinuous feed of waste rag, a metalworker ould assist in the design, onstrution, and maintenane of mahinery, and printers and stationers were key ustomers. Land requirements were modest (the Rittenhouse partners leased for 990 years) but loation on a reek or river with a reliably onstant flow suffiient to provide water and energy to drive beaters was essential. Sine these many variables had to be orhestrated simultaneously for a mill to operate suessfully, it is small wonder that nearly all struggled onstantly and most were short-lived. Still, by 1832, mills produing hand-made sheets had been established in 21 states as far south as Georgia and as far west as Indiana. Bidwell s introdution disusses onisely but fluently all aspets of the papermaking business. The onsiderable information he has reovered about the mills is arranged in 300 pages of entries organized by state and then hronologially by date of founding. These are tied together with indexes of papermakers, watermarks (both words and figures), and subjets, and the whole is supplemented generously with illustrations. Bidwell is keenly aware that diretories are, for good reasons, etherizing; but he finds unbearably disordant the thought of presenting his deades of researh as, for example, a website. Readers an explore the ebook version on the publisher s website, however. They will find, I think, as I did, that the book is so admirably organized and arefully ompiled that the eletroni version offers no signifiant advantage: the indexes get one to wanted information as quikly as a key-word searh. Individuals must likely spend the extra penny for paper in any ase, sine the ebook is available through pakagers that generally work only with libraries. Sidney F. Huttner The University of Iowa Libraries Anna Giulia Cavagna. La bibliotea di Alfonso II Del Carretto marhese di Finale: Libri tra Vienna e la Liguria nel XVI seolo. Finale Ligure: Centro Storio del Finale, 2012, 429p., ill. ISBN Alfonso II del Carretto (Finale 1525 Vienna 1583) was the Marquis of Finale, a small feudal domain in Liguria bordering the Republi of Genoa, Monferrato, and territories belonging to the Savoia dynasty. From 1558 onwards he lived in Vienna where he had gone in the hope of obtaining from the Emperor a definitive reognition of his dynasti rights as the ruler of Finale. As a personality, Carretto appears to have had no outstanding ultural importane and no traes survive of his long residene at the Imperial ourt; it is only reently that, thanks to the disovery of a list of his book purhases, his fervent ativity as a book olletor has beome known. The doument in question is today in the arhive of the Doria Pamphilj family in Rome where it was found in 1991 by Giovanni Battista Cavasola. In this full length study, Anna Giulia Cavagna provides an in-depth analysis of the doument, whih is an unusual one for various reasons not least for the remarkable sale of Carretto s aquisitions: around a thousand books. The books never went to form a proper library: they were sent bak to Liguria at irregular intervals and Carretto did not live long enough to see them in his astle in Finale, where he never returned. But it is ertain nevertheless that he saw the books as forming a olletion the eonomi investment in polyhrome bindings is just one indiation of this onern. No atual opy of a book belonging to the Marquis has ome down to us, but the information in the list is so rihly detailed that Cavagna has been able to identify all the editions whih... / 6 Published by SholarWorks@UMass Amherst,

7 Winter / 5 are listed in it. Carretto learly had a passion for ataloguing and for transribing title pages that went beyond the need to reord the nature and value of eah book as a mere possession. Diary-like notes are inserted into the list of books: about purhases, onsignments, intermediaries and agents (both in Vienna and in Italy), osts and times for sending the books (sometimes it took five years from Vienna to Milan!) and finally on the arrangement of the books one they had arrived in Italy. The vast majority of the titles are reent publiations from the period (46). As a result, it seems that Carretto did not keep the books whih he aquired with him for long in Vienna but tended to send them bak to the astle in Finale as soon as it was possible to do so. Carretto s library has all the notable features of an aristorati olletion. He favours works on the symboli representation (books of emblems and devies, on ionology and on arhiteture) and the historial forms of power (Roman history, genealogy, antiquarianism and numismatis, dynasti and Churh history) but seems relatively uninterested in and uninformed about developments in philology and humanisti studies and the ontemporary debates in this field. Despite his efforts in building the olletion, its influene was limited as it was dispersed, probably before anyone ould use it, and has disappeared in its entirety, to the extent that not a single opy belonging to Carretto is known to survive, notwithstanding Cavagna s detailed researhes. Angela Nuovo University of Udine, Italy Rudolf Dekker. Family, Culture and Soiety in the Diary of Constantijn Huygens Jr., the Seretary to Stadholder-King William of Orange. Brill: Leiden, NL, x, 198p., ill. ISBN / US $136 (hardbak). Constantijn Huygens Jr. lived his life at the very fulrum of European history in the seond half of the seventeenth entury. For the last deades of his areer he was personal seretary to Prine William III of Orange and he therefore witnessed the politis that brought this stadholder of Holland to the point of invading England in He aompanied the prine on his expedition, witnessed his aession to the Stuart throne, and SHARP News, Vol. 23, No. 1 [2014], Art. 1 joined him on the military ampaigns of the war with Louis XIV that dominated the 1690s. Huygens was also a lose witness to sientifi and ultural developments. His brother Christiaan invented a vastly improved pendulum lok that hugely inreased the auray of time-keeping in Europe. Constantijn himself had lose ontat with many of the leading experimenters of the day, suh as members of England s Royal Soiety. He was also a bibliophile and expert art onnoisseur, and he proved to be a keen and engaged observer of a wide spetrum of soial life. Fortunately for historians, Huygens kept a diary from 1649 to 1696, just one year before his death. Better still, it was detailed and he kept it extremely diligently, only omitting to write up his experienes on twenty-five days in the nine-year period after the beginning of Obviously this is a rih and fasinating soure, and this volume by Rudolf Dekker does a highly useful job of advertising it. Themed hapters give a flavour of what Huygens has to say on a wide variety of topis, inluding attitudes to time, an area that modern sholars have laimed was in flux in the seventeenth entury. The topi is analysed here with referene to the work of Huygens brother, as well as internal referenes to timekeeping in the diary and refletions on the sense of time betrayed in suh journal keeping. Politis is overed in hapters on the 1688 revolution, the Nine Years War, and William III and the English ourt, while ultural life is handled in setions on art and book-olleting. Finally, soial topis inlude hapters on Huygens observations of Quaks and Withes, Gossip and Sex, Servants and Maids, and on his somewhat troubled relations with his son. All this reveals a fasinating diarist who will be onsulted by many intrigued by this book. Dekker s deision to divide Huygen s experiene into haptered themes, however, has disadvantages that weigh against its useful demonstration of the soure s range. The problem is that it reports muh of Huygen s writing in rigidly ategorised setions, and as de-ontextualised and hroniled instanes. To take one simple example: Huygens interest in works of printed pornography is primarily treated in the hapter on gossip and sex. Obviously this makes sense, but it would also have been interesting to onsider Huygen s relationship with these trats alongside his attitude to works of sholarship and soures of news, handled in the hapter on books. Here we lose a sense of Huygens overall SHARP News Vol. 23, no. 1 print-faing personality, and suh fragmentation persists throughout the volume. This uts off important questions about the omplex interations within early modern ulture, and is perhaps a disappointment in a work emerging from Amsterdam s Centre for the Study of Egodouments, whih one might expet to be sensitive to the often unategorisable nature of individual pereptions. In short, this volume is a very effetive taster. However, anyone really interested in Huygens needs to go to the diary itself. Tony Claydon Bangor University Stephen Donovan and Matthew Rubery, eds. Seret Commissions: An Anthology of Vitorian Investigative Journalism. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview, p., ill. ISBN CAN $ These powerful tales of hild abuse, hild prostitution, animal ruelty, sweat-shops, slums, abortion, infantiide, and poverty still shok, more than a entury after they were first published. They also show the growing soial role of periodials, their links to the book trade, and the expansion of journalisti identity. The 19 well-hosen examples of English investigative journalism were first published in newspapers, magazines and monthly reviews between the 1840s and the turn of the entury. Canonial writers Dikens, Henry Mayhew, Henry Labouhere, W.T. Stead, Annie Besant mix with the more obsure, six women among the total. Donovan and Rubery ontextualise this powerful journalism with a 17-page introdution, footnotes, one-page introdutions to eah extrat, and valuable suggestions for further reading. They have rightly retained the original headlines, sub-headings ( DROP IT INTO A PAIL ) and many illustrations. Highlights inlude Angus Reah on working-lass laudanum users in Manhester, Henry Mayhew on needlework and oasional prostitution in London s East End, and Stead s infamous Maiden Tribute piee on London s hild prostitution. Some writers empathise, others moralise, but all are divided from their subjets by the hasm of lass. The issues are depressingly familiar problem families, the pointlessness of prison, underage girls groomed for sex and prostitution but some of the overwrought language is 6

8 SHARP News Vol. 23, no. 1 et al.: Volume 23, Number 1 Winter 2014 d hard to take seriously: indeed, Stead s prose is familiar through its parodying by the late British omedian Les Dawson. There are other omi aspets, suh as Elizabeth Banks s digressions from her underover investigation of domesti servie as she dispenses leaning tips to any maids who may be reading, or the photographs of exhibitionist journalists in disguise. The introdution is a substantial essay overing the definitions, origins, harateristis, language, and effets of investigative journalism, inluding an exellent potted history of British journalism in general sine the late eighteenth entury. Many of the artiles led to legislative hange, and investigative journalism symbolised the New Journalism, in whih newspapers beame soial agents (24) and journalists themselves beame the story. Ironially, newspapers promoted and profited from the vie they exposed, by advertising abortionists, hildren for sale, and heap lothing made by sweated labour. The authors make a strong ase for a distintive British approah to investigative reporting, often seen as an Amerian invention. They are less onvining in their explanation for the rise of this genre from the 1840s onwards, pinning it to urbanisation, industrialisation, and an ill-defined soial modernity (10), all of whih began half a entury earlier. The editors tried hard to inlude examples from provinial publiations, but suh material was diffiult to trae and less amenable to exerpting, leaving only one non-metropolitan publiation, the Liverpool Merury, represented. Regional investigative journalism is one of many avenues for further researh suggested by this olletion. Simon Goldsworthy has identified the influene of Nononformist preahing on Vitorian journalism, and muh of this material is soaked in its language and themes, mixed with the voyeurism and exotiism of earlier low-life journalism. Other influenes, inluding melodrama, novels, soiology, and the law, ould also be examined. The remediation proess, from original periodial artile, to reprinting in other periodials and eventual volume publiation, ould reveal muh about the reeption of this literature. A stimulating addition to reading lists on literature, history, politis, journalism, and media studies ourses, it almost persuades me that Vitorian journalists were as important as they said they were. Andrew Hobbs University of Central Lanashire Neil Fraistat and Julia Flanders, eds. The Cambridge Companion to Textual Sholarship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, xii, 314p., ill. ISBN / US $85 (hardbak). ISBN / US $29.99 (paperbak). This volume is part of the extensive series of ompanions from Cambridge University Press, and like others in this series it is a olletion of essays from noted authorities on various aspets of the subjet being overed. There are twelve essays, along with an informative introdution by the two editors and a Coda by Jerome MGann. The first essay, David Greetham s A history of textual sholarship (16 41), is so omprehensive and so well written and doumented that it ould almost stand on its own as a beaon and guide to those oming to the subjet for the first time. This essay, oupled with Kathryn Sutherland s lear and informative Anglo- Amerian editorial theory (42 60), gets this volume off to a sound start. However, a different and wider perspetive on textual ritiism is offered by Geert Lernout s Continental editorial theory (61 78) whih demonstrates the omplexities of textual sholarship outside the monolingual environment of the Anglo- Amerian tradition. So, in what amounts to one quarter of the book, the topi of textual sholarship is superbly desribed by three distinguished sholars. There follow muh more speifi essays suh as Paul Eggert s Apparatus, text, interfae: How to read a printed ritial edition (97 118) and Mihelle R. Warren s The politis of textual sholarship ( ). In What is a book? ( ) Roger Chartier and Peter Stallybrass attempt to define and desribe not only what a book is but also what a leaf is, and what differenes it may make if one onsiders a book either as a kind of Platoni vessel of meaning or as a physial objet whih is manufatured and assembled, not unlike an automobile or washing mahine. Although they do not, in the end, hoose a side, they appear to be a bit more onerned with the physial than with philosophial notions of the book. John D. Niles simply titled Orality ( ) deals with the ompliated and infrequently disussed subjet of oral textual sholarship. In dealing with The Song of Roland and John Neihardt s Blak Elk Speaks, Niles demonstrates the problems and other matters involved in turning the oral, or at least supposedly oral, into printed text. Kari Kraus Piture ritiism: Textual studies and the image ( ) also deals with a type of ritiism perhaps even less onsidered than orality. Kraus indiates how this fledgling branh of study is still in the proess of determining suh matters as ways of desribing the way the transmission of images may alter the image and how suh movement is to be desribed and studied. Certainly the most forward-looking, if that is quite the word I want, of the essays in this olletion is Traking the hanges: Textual sholarship and the hallenge of the born digital ( ) by Matthew G. Kirshenbaum and Doug Reside, in whih they outline the problems for textual ritis dealing with works reated, edited, and sometimes even disseminated in digital form. They disuss an early adopter of IT, Stephen King, and some of the problems with housing, aessing, and preserving born-digital texts using the playwright Jonathan Larson s arhive at the Library of Congress as an example. The prospet of dealing with born-digital texts is a daunting one, but one that should hallenge the hardy. If the first quarter of this book provided a omprehensive desription of the various modes of textual sholarship, the fourteen pages of Jerome J. MGann s Coda: Why digital textual sholarship matters; or, philology in a new key ( ) provides quite a surprising look into where it is probably going. As the title indiates, MGann sees digital textual sholarship to be as bound by philologial onerns as the periods of manusript and then print have been. He also sees some of the dangers that digital text onversion and transmission present if they are done without the ontrol of philologial standards. It is a worrying prospet that those of us who work daily with historial douments fae, whether those douments be literary, historial, or reords. He also sees the ritial edition [as] one of the most remarkable mahines reated by the ingenuity of Man (282). MGann omes down squarely on the need to maintain the sorts of standards whih we expet from printed editions in our digital editions. One hopes that urrent and future editors and other textual sholars are listening. William Protor Williams University of Akron, Ohio Published by SholarWorks@UMass Amherst,

9 Winter 2014 SHARP News, Vol. 23, No. 1 [2014], Art. 1 SHARP News Vol. 23, no. 1 Ellen Gruber Garvey. Writing with Sissors: Amerian Srapbooks from the Civil War to the Harlem Renaissane. New York: Oxford University Press, x, 304p., ill. ISBN US $ This is a fasinating, innovative study by a seasoned print ulture sholar. Ellen Gruber Garvey s previous book, The Adman in the Parlor: Magazines and the Gendering of Consumer Culture, 1880s to 1910s, whih won the SHARP Book Prize in 1996, opened up fresh avenues of inquiry regarding advertising, mass magazine publishing, and the reation and manipulation of taste, desire, and onsumption. Writing with Sissors follows up with similarly imaginative, trail-breaking sholarship into a previously negleted by-way of print ulture studies: the appropriation and adaptation of printed materials in the onstrution of unique, self-made books. As Professor Garvey explains in her introdution, this book illustrates how people [ ordinary people and well-known figures] used srapbooks to manage printed matter and tell their own stories with it [The book] links srapbook making to the many ways editors and readers reirulated writing. When people made srapbooks, they demonstrated a desire to save fleeting bits of information that would otherwise be lost [in the flood of printed matter that followed on from industrialized printing and mass distribution] (22). The first hapter, Reuse, Reyle, Reirulate: Srapbooks Remake Value, reahes bak to the era of the handwritten ommonplae book as a model and disusses how heap widely-distributed, sometimes even free, printed matter made it possible to make suh books with sissors and paste. Professor Garvey links this to the ommon editorial pratie of republishing snippets, exerpts, and even whole piees from other publiations, often without proper attribution. Printed items began to float free of their original moorings, oming to rest as olumn fillers and srapbook treasures. Chapter two, Mark Twain s Srapbook Innovations, deals with the famous author s marketing of a blank book formatted speifially for onstrution of a srapbook that invited buyers to write a book with Mark Twain s name on it (23), thus promoting his authorial branding. Professor Garvey assoiates this with Twain s onstant battle to protet his intelletual property from unompensated reprinting. Chapter three, Civil War Srapbooks: Newspapers and Nation, disusses, in the ontext of the massive, often illustrated, newspaper and periodial reord of the onflit, the great proliferation of srapbooking during and after the war, as traumatized individuals and families, both North and South, sought to organize and omprehend on a personal level this great national tragedy. Chapter four, Alternative Histories in Afrian Amerian Srapbooks, and hapter five, Strategi Srapbooks: Ativist Women s Clippings and Self-Creation, over the ways Afrian Amerians and women appropriated material in the printed reord (white and male-dominated) to onstrut alternative histories and self-depitions and preserve otherwise muted voies in a kind of ritial dialogue with the mainstream. Chapter six, Srapbooks as Arhive, Srapbooks in Arhives, examines the often inegalitarian ways srapbooks were preserved and the off-the-beaten trak loations of some of the most interesting. Chapter seven, The Afterlife of the Nineteenth-Century Srapbook: Managing Data and Information, onludes the book by speulating that srapbooking helped lead us to the notion that information was detahable, movable, sortable, and not wedded to the ontext in whih it had been published (24). It touhes on the market for newspaper bak-issue arhives and the rise of lipping bureaus and looks ahead to our own era of digitized material, webbased publiation, and searh engine-driven data aess in the aptly labeled loud. It is impossible in a short notie to do justie to the rihness of this book it has for example approximately 65 well-hosen and often rare illustrations. Reading the book reminds me of the extended, stimulating lunhtime onversations I have had over the years with Ellen Gruber Garvey that trak sintillating onnetions and assoiations as she aesses the immense database that is her mental srapbook. Paul M. Wright, Editor (Retired) University of Massahusetts Press Sandra M. Gustafson and Caroline F. Sloat, eds. Cultural Narratives: Textuality and Performane in Amerian Culture before Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, p., ill. ISBN US $40. The seventeen essays olleted in Cultural Narratives: Textuality and Performane in Amerian Culture before 1900 were the outome of a 2005 onferene titled Histories of Print, Manusript, and Performane in Amerian Culture before 1900 and sponsored by the Amerian Antiquarian Soiety s program, History of the Book in Amerian Culture. The onferene and its resultant essays ontribute to a growing body of sholarship (inluding Sandra Gustafson s own work and that of Mihael Warner) that, aording to Caroline Sloat, imagine a modern history of the manusript and the spoken word without privileging the printing press, while still affording it a transformative role in the evolution of texts (3). The outputs of the printing press still figure heavily in many of the book s essays, but what is more transformative in this body of sholarship is its turn away from the book as the dominant symbol and site of literay. The essays elaborate on the performative, ommunal, and even musial sites of reading not ontained in the traditional image of a solitary reader with odex in hand. The olletion begins by addressing the performative nature of the book with an essay by Matthew P. Brown about how steady sellers in seventeenth-entury New England were not read straight through; rather, puritan readers were weavers of textual fragments, readers who roamed anxiously among passages that omforted and ajoled... (31). This initial essay argues that early Amerian religious reading was a materially oriented exerise that used the book as an ative spae for self-expression. The subsequent essays move beyond the odex to examine how other, rarely studied, print and manusript objets operated in Amerian ulture. Jeffrey F. Rihards and Katherine Wilson both write about the multiple uses for and revisions of play sripts, Joan Newlon Radnor disusses the omplex interweaving of oral and written text produed for rural lyeums, and Oz Frankel onsiders the formalities of publishing and presenting lavish government reports. Essays by Phillip Gura and Coleman Huthison address the raial and regional impliations of musial texts through their analyses of banjo musi and Civil War songsters respetively. Although print and manusript dominate 8