ANSWER: POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: 2 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: STAT.HEAL Describe the limited but crucial role of statistics in social research.

Transcription

1 1. In soil reserh the purpose of sttistis is to. prove tht the reserh theory is orret.. vlite the reserh projet esign.. mnipulte n nlyze t.. ensure eptne y the sientifi ommunity. REFERENCES: 2 2. Without sttistis, reserh woul e impossile.. meningful. importnt. qulittive. quntittive REFERENCES: 2 3. Dt is the sme thing s. informtion ollete in numeril form.. informtion ollete in ny form.. sttistis.. proof. REFERENCES: 2 4. During whih stge oes the Wheel of Siene egin for reserher unertking new stuy?. theory. hypotheses. oservtions. empiril generliztions REFERENCES: 2

2 5. Aoring to the "Wheel of Siene," reserh projets egin. with theory.. with t.. with n hypothesis.. t ny stge on the Wheel. REFERENCES: 2 6. In terms of the Wheel of Siene, n hypothesis is erive from n les to.. sttistis, oservtion. theory, generliztions. oservtion, generliztions. theory, oservtion REFERENCES: 2 7. If people who et t fst foo resturnts eome oese, oesity is. n inepenent vrile.. usl vrile.. epenent vrile.. None of the ove REFERENCES: 3 8. In the reserh proess, theory. is unneessry.. is lwys fully evelope efore ny t is gthere.. is evelope only fter the t hve een ompletely nlyze.. ttempts to explin the reltionship etween phenomenon. REFERENCES: 3

3 9. In the lnguge of siene, vrile tht is thought to e usl is lle. n inepenent vrile.. hypothetil vrile.. primry vrile.. epenent vrile. REFERENCES: If people who hitully rive over the spee limit hve more ftl ients, then spee is. n inepenent vrile.. the epenent vrile.. n effet or result vrile.. none of the ove REFERENCES: An hypothesis sttes, in prt, tht "inome inreses s eution inreses". In this sttement, inome is. the epenent vrile.. the inepenent vrile.. the hypothetil vrile.. the seonry vrile. REFERENCES: An hypothesis sttes, in prt, tht "inome inreses s eution inreses". In this sttement, eution is. the epenent vrile.. the inepenent vrile.. the hypothetil vrile.. the seonry vrile. REFERENCES: 3

4 13. In time, the vrile preees the vrile.. hypothetil, theoretil. isrete, ontinuous. inepenent, epenent. epenent, inepenent REFERENCES: An hypothesis iffers from theory in tht. it is "testle.". it is true.. it is more speultive.. it is more strt. REFERENCES: A theory iffers from n hypothesis in tht it is more. testle.. speifi.. generl.. onrete. REFERENCES: In terms of the "Wheel of Siene", sttistis re entrl to the reserh proess. only etween the theory phse n the hypothesis phse.. only etween the hypothesis phse n the oservtion phse.. only etween the oservtion phse n the empiril generliztion phse.. only etween the empiril generliztion phse n the theory phse. REFERENCES: 4-5

5 17. In the reserh proess, the role of sttistis is limite euse. numers on't prove nything.. of possile flws in reserh esign or metho.. the reserher my not e mthemtiin.. people lie when nswering questionnires. REFERENCES: At wht point in the Wheel of Siene oes sttistis eome relevnt?. t the very eginning. in the mile. towrs the en. t ny point the reserher hooses REFERENCES: The prolem with push polls is tht. they o not use the sientifi metho.. they rely too muh on sientifi smpling.. they rrely hve hypotheses.. they require very lrge smples. REFERENCES: Ninety perent of orm resients pprove propose n on smoking. This sttement is n exmple of the use of. inferentil sttistis.. univrite esriptive sttistis.. multivrite esriptive sttistis.. inutive sttistis. REFERENCES: 7 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: STAT.HEAL Distinguish mong three pplitions of sttistis n ientify situtions in whih eh is pproprite.

6 21. The sttement "Eight out of ten elerly resients fer vitimiztion" is n exmple of. inferentil sttistis.. univrite esriptive sttistis.. multivrite esriptive sttistis.. inutive sttistis. REFERENCES: 7 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: STAT.HEAL Distinguish mong three pplitions of sttistis n ientify situtions in whih eh is pproprite. 22. The t reution proess of esriptive sttistis. llows few meningful numers to summrize lrge mount of t.. elimintes inorret t.. simply lists ll ville informtion in orer.. is rrely use. REFERENCES: 8 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: STAT.HEAL Distinguish mong three pplitions of sttistis n ientify situtions in whih eh is pproprite. 23. If reserher summrizes the ge of 1,000 people y lulting the verge ge, she is using. qulittive tehnique.. n inorret hypothesis.. t reution.. non-empiril resoning. REFERENCES: 8 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: STAT.HEAL Distinguish mong three pplitions of sttistis n ientify situtions in whih eh is pproprite. 24. Mesures of ssoition re type of esriptive sttistis tht llow us to. investigte the usl influene of some vriles on others.. preit the sore on one vrile from the sore on nother.. know the strength n iretion of reltionship etween two or more vriles.. All of the ove REFERENCES: 8 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: STAT.HEAL Distinguish mong three pplitions of sttistis n ientify situtions in whih eh is pproprite.

7 25. A reserher wnts to know if there is reltionship etween region of irth n politil prty ffilition. She shoul lulte. univrite esriptive sttisti like the men.. qulittive mesure of influene.. mesure of ssoition.. sttisti tht mesures the non-reltionl ifferentition etween the two vriles. REFERENCES: 8 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: STAT.HEAL Distinguish mong three pplitions of sttistis n ientify situtions in whih eh is pproprite. 26. Mesures of ssoition llow reserhers to quntify the of reltionship.. strength. iretion. strength n iretion. uslity REFERENCES: 8 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: STAT.HEAL Distinguish mong three pplitions of sttistis n ientify situtions in whih eh is pproprite. 27. A survey ministere to smple rwn from lol ommunity fins tht person's politil prty ffilition is relte to whether or not they fvor n inrese in lol sles tx (the heline of newspper story se on this poll res: "Repulins support propose tx inrese"). This is n exmple of the use of. univrite esriptive sttistis.. inferentil sttistis.. multivrite esriptive sttistis.. reutionist sttistis. REFERENCES: 9 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: STAT.HEAL Distinguish mong three pplitions of sttistis n ientify situtions in whih eh is pproprite.

8 28. Inferentil sttistis re usully se on. popultions. smples. iniviuls. groups REFERENCES: 9 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: STAT.HEAL Distinguish mong three pplitions of sttistis n ientify situtions in whih eh is pproprite. 29. A puli opinion poll tht guges the populrity of the Presient of the Unite Sttes is n exmple of. esriptive sttistis.. inferentil sttistis.. nlytil sttistis.. reutionist sttistis. REFERENCES: 9 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: STAT.HEAL Distinguish mong three pplitions of sttistis n ientify situtions in whih eh is pproprite. 30. Inferentil sttistis re neessry in soil reserh euse. it my e impossile to fin ll memers of ertin popultion.. soil sientists on't hve the time or money to test n entire popultion.. some of the popultion might not ooperte.. smples re sometimes urte representtions of the popultion ut n't lwys e use to generlize. REFERENCES: 9 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: STAT.HEAL Distinguish mong three pplitions of sttistis n ientify situtions in whih eh is pproprite. 31. You sk smple of 27 stuents in prtiulr orm on mpus out their religious eliefs n use this informtion to mke generliztions out ll stuents in the orm. In this reserh sitution. the 27 stuents questione re popultion.. the orm is smple.. this is n exmple of esriptive sttistis.. the smple is the 27 stuents who were questione. REFERENCES: 9 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: STAT.HEAL Distinguish mong three pplitions of sttistis n ientify situtions in whih eh is pproprite.

9 32. Inferentil sttistis re usully se on:. popultions.. smples.. iniviuls.. groups. REFERENCES: 9 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: STAT.HEAL Distinguish mong three pplitions of sttistis n ientify situtions in whih eh is pproprite. 33. A isrete vrile nnot e. e.. multiplie.. suivie.. oserve. REFERENCES: 9 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: STAT.HEAL Distinguish etween isrete n ontinuous vriles n ite exmples of eh 34. Whih of the following is isrete vrile?. Height. Age. Miles per gllon. Numer of hilren REFERENCES: 9-10 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: STAT.HEAL Distinguish etween isrete n ontinuous vriles n ite exmples of eh 35. Whih of the following survey items woul generte isrete vrile?. How ol re you?. How long oes it tke you to ommute to work?. How muh i you py in txes lst yer?. How mny rs o you own right now? REFERENCES: 9-10 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: STAT.HEAL Distinguish etween isrete n ontinuous vriles n ite exmples of eh

10 36. Whih of the following questions woul generte ontinuous vrile?. How ol re you?. How mny ooks o you own?. How mny times hve you ever hnge flt tire?. How mny egrees o you hve? REFERENCES: 10 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: STAT.HEAL Distinguish etween isrete n ontinuous vriles n ite exmples of eh 37. Whih of the following is ontinuous vrile?. Numer of hilren. Time spent wthing TV. Numer of times you hve hnge resienes within the lst five yers. Numer of mels you onsume yestery REFERENCES: 10 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: STAT.HEAL Distinguish etween isrete n ontinuous vriles n ite exmples of eh 38. If vrile is isrete, it nnot e. ontinuous.. intervl-rtio.. oservle.. orinl. REFERENCES: 10 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: STAT.HEAL Distinguish etween isrete n ontinuous vriles n ite exmples of eh STAT.HEAL Ientify n esrie three levels of mesurement n ite

11 39. A nominl-level vrile like mritl sttus or gener is lwys. isrete.. ontinuous.. orinl.. epenent. REFERENCES: 11 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: STAT.HEAL Distinguish etween isrete n ontinuous vriles n ite exmples of eh STAT.HEAL Ientify n esrie three levels of mesurement n ite 40. Ctegories of nominl level vriles shoul e everything exept. mutully exlusive to voi miguity in lssifying ses.. exhustive so tht every se fits into tegory.. relevnt to the reserh gols.. All of the ove REFERENCES: Whih of the following is NOT nominl level vrile?. Level of eution. Zip oe. Ouption. Mke of uto REFERENCES: 11

12 42. Choose the nominl level vrile elow:. size of fmily unit. eye olor of stuents in sttistis lss. spee of trvel of jet. your weight REFERENCES: In ition to sying tht one se is ifferent from nother, the orinl level of mesurement llows us to. put ses in generl tegories.. mesure the istne etween high n low.. sy tht one se is more or less thn nother.. lulte meningful verges of vriles. REFERENCES: Vriles mesure t the orinl level re limite to whih of the following mthemtil opertions?. Aition n sutrtion. Multiplition. Rnking ses s higher or lower, more or less. Counting the numer of ses per tegory REFERENCES: Prejuie, when mesure on sle rnging from 'most prejuie' to 'lest prejuie,' is n exmple of whih level of mesurement?. Atul. Orinl. Nominl. Intervl-rtio REFERENCES: 12

13 46. The vrile soioeonomi sttus rnges from upper lss to lower lss n is n exmple of the. nominl level of mesurement.. orinl level of mesurement.. intervl-rtio level of mesurement.. rtio level of mesurement. REFERENCES: When using intervl-rtio t, the istne etween the sores is. lwys two units.. unequl.. extly efine.. not lwys ler. 48. Whih of the following n e trete s n intervl-rtio vrile?. Soil seurity numer. Zip oe. Age. Hir olor 49. The numer of yers tht ouple hs een hppily mrrie is n exmple of. nominl level t.. orinl level t.. intervl-rtio level t.. orinry level t.

14 50. Selet the vrile(s) tht n e mesure t the intervl-rtio level. ifferent types of rimes.. numer of hilren in fmily.. ttrtiveness of person.. emotionl stility. 51. Intervl-rtio mesurements n e ll of the following exept:. nominl.. ontinuous.. isrete.. oservle. 52. On test, the numers use to ientify the questions woul e in level of mesurement while the numer of orret responses woul e.. nominl, intervl-rtio. intervl-rtio, nominl. ontinuous, isrete. orinl, nominl 53. Intervl rtio reltionships n e ll of the following exept. nominl.. ontinuous.. isrete.. oservle.

15 54. Computtion of men (or verge) is ompletely justifie when vrile is mesure t whih level?. Intervl-rtio. Orinl. Nominl. Disrete 55. Aition n sutrtion re ompletely justifie only when vriles re. isrete.. ontinuous.. orinl.. intervl-rtio. 56. Whih of the following mthemtil opertions re permitte with nominlly mesure vriles?. ition. sutrtion. ivision. none of these hoies re orret REFERENCES: A reserher hs numere ll 50 sttes from 1 to 50 n hs lulte men of for the vrile stte of irth.. Sine the vrile is nominl, the men mkes no sense.. Sine the vrile is orinl, we shoul tret the vlue of the men with gret ution.. The vrile is intervl-rtio n the men is n pproprite n useful sttisti in this se.. Sine this vrile is isrete, the men shoul not e ompute. REFERENCES: 16

16 58. A reserher hs lulte the men for vrile tht is orinl in level of mesurement.. This opertion is violtion of level of mesurement riterion n the results shoul e isregre.. This violtion of level of mesurement riterion is ommon n results shoul e trete with ution.. No violtion hs ourre, this is perfetly eptle pplition of sttistis.. This is mistke: mens shoul never e lulte for orinl vriles euse they re lwys ontinuous. REFERENCES: Summrize the reserh proess s oneptulize in the "Wheel of Siene". Ientify n explin eh of the stges of the reserh proess. At wht stge o sttistis eome entrl? How? Wht is the role of sttistis in the proess? Not given. 60. Below re some items from survey. For eh item, ientify the level of mesurement n whether the vrile will e isrete or ontinuous. Explin your resoning for eh item.. In wht region of the ountry were you orn? South Northest Miwest Fr West Other Born out of Country. How mny silings o you hve?. How stisfie re you with the qulity of instrution t this institution? Very stisfie Stisfie Disstisfie Very Disstisfie. How mny miles per gllon oes your r verge? e. People onvite of first egree murer shoul e exeute. Strongly Agree Agree Neither Agree nor Disgree Disgree Strongly Disgree Not given.

17 61. Some reserh situtions re summrize elow. For eh sitution, ientify ll vriles n hrterize them in terms of level of mesurement n whether they re isrete or ontinuous. If pplile, ientify whih vriles re epenent n whih re inepenent. Explin your resoning. Wht sttistil pplition is eing use?. A group of one hunre stuents re ske for their High Shool n ollege GPAs. The GPAs re then ompre to see if there is ny reltionship etween them.. A nite for stuent oy presient telephones rnomly selete smple of stuents n sks out their opinion of the system use for ourse evlution. Eh stuent is ske if they strongly support, moertely support, or o not support the system. The nite then uses this informtion to hrterize the opinions of the entire stuent oy. From wht regions of the ntion oes the ollege footll progrm reruit plyers? A reserher sertins the hometowns of every memer of the tem for the pst ten yers.. Whih sport on mpus hs the plyers with the highest GPAs? The emi reors of rnomly selete smples of thletes from ll sports re ompre to nswer this question. e. Is emi hievement ssoite with ny "kgroun" vriles? Informtion on smple of stuents is ollete. The informtion inlues GPA, ge, sex, mjor, yers of shooling omplete y oth prents, n mritl sttus of the stuent. Not Given