Specialized High Schools Student Handbook

Transcription

1 08-09 Specialized High Schools Suden Handbook Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Ar and Performing Ars he Bronx High School of Science he Brooklyn Lain School Brooklyn echnical High School High School for Mahemaics, Science and Engineering a he Ciy College of New York High School of American Sudies a Lehman College Queens High School for he Sciences a York College Saen Island echnical High School Suyvesan High School

2 Please visi our websie o ge a ranslaed version of his documen. Sea an amable de visiar nuesro siio web si quiere obener una versión raducida de ese documeno. 請瀏覽我們的網站查看本文件的中文譯本 এই নথ র অন দ ত স স করণ র জন য অন গ রহ কর আম দ র ওয বস ইট দ খ ন Перевод документа помещен на нашем вебсайте. اس دستاویز کی ترجمہ شدہ اشاعت حاصل کرنے کے لیے براہ کرم ہامری ویب سائٹ مالحظہ کریں نرجو زيارة موقعنا اإللكتروني للحصول على نسخة مترجمة من هذه الوثيقة. anpri ale sou si wèb nou an pou w ka jwenn yon kopi dokiman sa a nan lò lang 본문서의번역본은저희웹사이트에있습니다. Prière de visier nore sie Inerne pour avoir une version raduie de ce documen. schools.nyc.gov/shs ABOU HE COVER Suden: Badiallo Diawara eacher: Evelyn Loveras Principal: Moses Ojeda Each year, he NYC Deparmen of Educaion and Cooper Hewi, Smihsonian Design Museum parner on a cover design compeiion for public high school sudens. his direcory s cover was designed by Badiallo Diawara, a suden a homas Edison Career and echnical Educaion High School. Badiallo s design is inspired by NYC middle school sudens aking fligh, exploring, and finally landing a he high schools ha feel righ for hem. For more informaion, including how o ener nex year s compeiion, ask your ar eacher or visi schools.nyc.gov/coverdesign. I is he policy of he New York Ciy Deparmen of Educaion o provide equal educaional opporuniies wihou regard o acual or perceived race, color, religion, age, creed, ehniciy, naional origin, alienage, ciizenship saus, disabiliy, weigh, gender (sex) or sexual orienaion, and o mainain an environmen free of harassmen on he basis of any of hese grounds, including sexual harassmen or realiaion. Inquiries regarding compliance wih appropriae laws may be direced o: Direcor, Office of Equal Opporuniy, 65 Cour Sree, Room 0, Brooklyn, New York 0. elephone

3 CONENS MESSAGE O SUDENS AND PARENS/GUARDIANS.... SECION : HE SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS he Bronx High School of Science... 5 he Brooklyn Lain School... 5 Brooklyn echnical High School High School for Mahemaics, Science and Engineering a he Ciy College of New York... 6 High School of American Sudies a Lehman College... 7 Queens High School for he Sciences a York College... 7 Saen Island echnical High School... 8 Suyvesan High School... 8 Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Ar and Performing Ars... 9 SECION : SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS ADMISSIONS ES (SHSA) DAES AND LOCAIONS es Daes.... Alernae es Dae... es Locaions... es Resuls... SECION : FIORELLO H. LAGUARDIA HIGH SCHOOL OF MUSIC & AR AND PERFORMING ARS AUDIIONS Audiion Daes... Audiion Excepions... Audiions for Sudens New o New York Ciy... Admissions Process... 5 Regisering for LaGuardia High School Audiions... 5 Audiion Informaion for Each Sudio... 5 SECION : APPLYING O HE SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS Seps in he Applicaion Process... 7 esing Accommodaions on he SHSA... 8 esing Accommodaions for LaGuardia High School Audiions... 9 Confirming esing Accommodaions on he SHSA and for LaGuardia High School Audiions Oping Ou of esing Accommodaions... 9 Sudens wih Exended ime Who Finish he es Before he End of he Exended ime Period... 0 Emergency esing and/or Audiion Accommodaions... 0 Building Accessibiliy SECION 5: SHSA DESCRIPION & MAERIALS SHSA es Design for English Language Ars Secion... Mahemaics Secion... Changes o SHSA es Design... es Maerials... SHSA esing Procedures... Arriving a he es Sie.... Snacks, Food, and Drinks... Filling In he Answer Shee.... Suden Misconduc Claims of esing Irregulariies... 5 SHSA Scoring Review Procedures Discovery Program Iniiaives o Increase Diversiy a Specialized High Schools SECION 6: SHSA USEFUL IPS FOR ESING Before es Day... 8 Day of he es... 8 Useful ips: English Language Ars Useful ips: Mahemaics SAMPLE SHSA ESS Sample es A General Direcions... Sample es... 6 Explanaions... 9 Sample es B General Direcions... Sample es... 6 Explanaions Sample Mah Quesions for Grade 9 Sudens... 8 Explanaions of Correc Answers for Sample Grade 9 Mah Quesions Pracice Grid-In Mahemaics Quesions Explanaions of Correc Answers for Pracice Grid-In Mahemaics Quesions... 9 Sample Answer Shees... 97

4 MESSAGE O SUDENS AND PARENS/GUARDIANS ABOU SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS ADMISSIONS his Specialized High Schools Suden Handbook conains useful informaion, including: Specialized High School admission procedures Regisraion for he Specialized High Schools Admissions es (SHSA) and Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Ar and Performing Ars (LaGuardia High School) audiions Confirming esing accommodaions on he SHSA and for LaGuardia High School audiions Calendar of imporan daes Sample SHSA ess wih es-aking ips here are nine Specialized High Schools in New York Ciy. hey are: ADMISSIONS DEERMINED BY AUDIION(S) FIORELLO H. LAGUARDIA HIGH SCHOOL OF MUSIC & AR AND PERFORMING ARS Dance Drama Insrumenal Music echnical heaer Fine Ars Vocal Music HE BRONX HIGH SCHOOL OF SCIENCE HE BROOKLYN LAIN SCHOOL ADMISSIONS DEERMINED BY SHSA BROOKLYN ECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL FOR MAHEMAICS, SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A HE CIY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK HIGH SCHOOL OF AMERICAN SUDIES A LEHMAN COLLEGE QUEENS HIGH SCHOOL FOR HE SCIENCES A YORK COLLEGE SAEN ISLAND ECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL SUYVESAN HIGH SCHOOL hese schools were esablished under New York Sae Law 590 Secion G. Enrance ino hese schools is deermined by he SHSA, excep for LaGuardia High School, which is based on a compeiive audiion and review of academic records. Sudens mus be residens of New York Ciy and curren eighh grade or firs-ime ninh grade sudens in order o apply, regiser, si for, and receive resuls for he Specialized High Schools Admissions es (SHSA) and LaGuardia High School audiion(s). For updaes concerning Specialized High School admissions, please visi: schools.nyc.gov/shs. he Specialized High Schools Suden Handbook is a projec of he New York Ciy Deparmen of Educaion.

5 HE SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS SECION HE BRONX HIGH SCHOOL OF SCIENCE 75 Bronx Science Boulevard, Bronx, New York 068 Phone: (78) Websie: Overview: he Bronx High School of Science educaes an academically gifed communiy of learners hrough a rigorous science, echnology, engineering, and mahemaics (SEM) curriculum. All academic disciplines are augh hrough he lens of inquiry o emphasize criical hinking and problem solving. he school culivaes a diverse communiy of lifelong learners who discover heir passions hrough a collaboraive and supporive nework of sudens, educaors, and alumni. Uilizing a balance of heoreical and applied learning, sudens explore complex problems and have access o a rich offering of resources o develop soluions. Drawing upon a long radiion of academic success, he Bronx High School of Science prepares sudens o flourish in he bes colleges and universiies. he school creaes he leaders and visionaries of he fuure. Included among he school s alumni are eigh Nobel Prize winners and six Pulizer Prize winners. Academic program: he Bronx High School of Science offers 0 Advanced Placemen (AP) courses and many pos-ap courses (second-year college courses). he school offers six foreign languages, numerous elecives in biology, chemisry, physics, mahemaics, echnology, he humaniies, music and a hree-year independen research course in SEM or social science. Sudens may also selec sequences in compuer science and engineering ha emphasize hands-on applicaions of scienific principles. he school s websie provides full course descripions. Exracurricular aciviies: Exracurricular aciviies include over 70 afer-school clubs, ahleic eams, an inernaionally acclaimed speech and debae eam, Model UN, mock rial eam, wo roboics eams, wo hearical producions, S!NG, Science Olympiad, Junior Achievemen, programming club, makerspace, wo hackahons, a newspaper and yearbook, scholarly journals and more. Check our websie for deails. 08 Admissions: 9,75 sudens lised Bronx Science as a choice on he SHSA, and 9 offers were made. HE BROOKLYN LAIN SCHOOL Graham Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 06 Phone: (78) Websie: parens@brooklynlain.org Overview: Modeled afer he presigious Boson Lain school and founded in 006, he Brooklyn Lain School (BLS) provides a liberal ars curriculum, wih an emphasis on he Classics and Lain language insrucion. Early insrucion emphasizes he acquisiion of core knowledge of he key academic disciplines ha sudens use as a foundaion for deeper exploraion in he upper grades. Widely regarded around he world as he mos rigorous and comprehensive course of sudy a he high school level, he Inernaional Baccalaureae (IB) Programme is inegral o he BLS curriculum. In all classes, sudens experience a srong and consisen emphasis on srucured wriing and public speaking, as well as numerous opporuniies for analyical hinking, which prepares hem for he challenges of college work. Academic program: All sudens are required o complee four years of sudy in Lain, hisory, mahemaics, English, and science, a leas wo years of a world language, and one year of ar hisory. Many of our classes feaure public speaking exercises such as Declamaion and Socraic Seminars, as well as oral presenaions of scienific labs and mahemaical problem ses. In addiion, many of our classes feaure wriing exercises such as science lab repors, Spanish porfolios and essays, mah modeling papers, and Lain sigh ranslaions. he IB Programme s emphasis on suden-led inquiry, global perspecives, inernaional mindedness, and personal inegriy conform perfecly wih he ideals on which he school was founded. In addiion o rigorous class work, IB emphasizes independen hinking and communiy engagemen. In order o earn he IB Diploma, sudens are expeced o complee an independen research projec ha culminaes in a,000-word essay paper on a subjec of choice, a ask which correlaes closely o college-level research wriing. hey are required o ake a wo year episemology course called heory of Knowledge (OK) ha challenges sudens o consider he ways knowledge is consruced, and which culminaes in a final research paper and presenaion. In addiion, sudens are required o engage in aciviies involving creaiviy, service, and reflecion over an 8-monh period. Creaiviy, acion, and service (CAS) may include voluneering or engaging meaningfully wih he BLS communiy and he larger communiy. hese requiremens of he IB Diploma help our sudens become well-rounded ciizens of he world. Exracurricular aciviies: o provide enrichmen for sudens ouside of he classroom, and o faciliae he compleion of heir CAS requiremens, BLS currenly suppors over 0 exracurricular aciviies, including ahleic eams such as coed cross counry, soccer, boys and girls baskeball, boys wresling, and girls volleyball clubs; fine and performing ars offerings such as sudio ar, phoography, lierary magazine, dance, and a cappella; and various oher groups such as he school newspaper, SOKED, Mah Club, Science Olympiad, Model Unied Naions, Law Club, and many more. BLS also has suden organizaions such as Asian Suden Associaion, 5

6 HE SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS coninued... Black Suden Associaion, Feminis Suden Union, Muslim Suden Associaion, Naional Honors Sociey, and GS 08 Admissions: 7, sudens lised he Brooklyn Lain School as a choice on he SHSA, and 58 offers were made. BROOKLYN ECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL 9 For Greene Place, Brooklyn, New York 7 Phone: (78) Websie: info@bhs.edu Overview: Wih approximaely 6,000 sudens, Brooklyn echnical High School (Brooklyn ech) is he larges public high school devoed o science, echnology, engineering, and mahemaics (SEM). Many of Brooklyn ech's faciliies have been reborn for he s cenury. Our school has compuer rooms configured o each digial design and are equipped wih D priners. Brooklyn ech has a full-scale moo cour and a forensics science laboraory. here are sae-of-he-ar labs in manufacuring and roboics, digial media, DNA and geneics, environmenal science inclusive of a greenhouse, building consrucion in which a wo-sory building is creaed, archiecure, and aeronauics (wih an indusry sandard fligh simulaor). he school is a naional model for excellence and has a simulaing environmen ha fosers ransformaional educaion and personal growh. hrough inpu from is SEM parners, our labs and classrooms are on par wih universiy and indusry sandards. he very acive Brooklyn ech Alumni Foundaion enriches he culure of he school, suppors suden and faculy iniiaives and is an incubaor for new school programs. Graduaes go on o he fines colleges and universiies. hey are found in every face of sociey. Graduaes invened he digial camera, conribued o he developmen of he inerne, and helped pu humans on he moon. hey are innovaors and enrepreneurs. Brooklyn ech graduaes have won Nobel prizes and occupy prominen posiions in indusries, engineering firms, corporaions, governmen, academia, and research insiuions. Academic program: In he ninh grade, all sudens ake Design and Drawing for Producion, which is a foundaional course hrough Projec Lead he Way. his class immerses sudens in he design process, from brainsorming o prooyping hrough D prining. Sudens use indusry sandard D modeling sofware (Auodesk Invenor) o complee boh individual and eam-oriened projecs. In addiion, all ninh graders ake advisory o assis hem in heir ransiion o Brooklyn ech. In he 0h grade, all sudens ake AP Principles of Compuer Science. For he h and h grades, Brooklyn ech sudens choose one of he following major areas of concenraion: Aerospace, Archiecure, Biological Sciences, Chemisry, Civil Engineering, College Prep, Finance, Elecrical Engineering, Environmenal Science, Gaeway o Medicine, Indusrial Design, Law & Sociey, Mahemaics, Mecharonics & Roboics, Media & Digial Animaion, Pharmacy (docoral pipeline program in parnership wih Long Island Universiy), Physics, Social Science Research, or Sofware Engineering. In addiion, he school offers unique elecives in performance-based insrumenal and choral music. here are pos-ap classes in he sciences and mahemaics. Suden research projecs are suppored hrough he Weson Research Scholars Program. Exracurricular aciviies: Brooklyn ech s unparalleled learning environmen has over 60 clubs and aciviies ha appeal o diverse suden ineress, alens, and culure. he school has one of he mos exensive PSAL programs including ahleic eams. By he end of January 08, ech already earned hree ciy championships in Girls ennis, Boys Fencing, and Girls Cross-Counry. Each year he fall play and Spring musical are suden aciviy highlighs. Parners in indusry and higher educaion help susain he level of excellence hrough educaional enrichmen, inernships, menoring and more. 08 Admissions:,6 sudens lised Brooklyn ech as a choice on he SHSA, and,90 offers were made. HIGH SCHOOL FOR MAHEMAICS, SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A HE CIY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK 0 Conven Avenue, New York, New York 00 Phone: () Websie: info@hsmse.org Overview: Founded in Sepember 00, he High School for Mahemaics, Science and Engineering (HSMSE) a he Ciy College of New York (CCNY) provides a unique and unparalleled collaboraive educaional experience. he school s mission is o encourage sudens o develop he habis of inquiry, wrien and verbal expression, and criical hinking. HSMSE enrolls approximaely 500 sudens, drawn from all five boroughs, making i one of he mos ehnically diverse schools in New York Ciy. he academically rigorous learning environmen focuses on mahemaics, science, and engineering, while emphasizing civic responsibiliy and he value of acquiring knowledge for is own inrinsic reward. HSMSE faculy work ogeher regularly o plan lessons, develop curricula, and share bes pracices. heir deep professional and personal experiences enrich he learning communiy; many faculy members have earned docoraes, and all have advanced degrees. Many have disinguished hemselves in business, engineering, and oher fields prior o becoming eachers. HSMSE saff conduc individual and group counseling sessions regularly, and coordinae he Big Sib / Lile Sib Program ha connec upperclassmen o serve as peer menors o underclassmen. hrough a parnership wih he New York Foundling, HSMSE has a Healh and Wellness Cener wih a 6

7 HE SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS coninued... full-ime menal healh clinician. HSMSE sponsors workshops ha have an overall heme and indusry parners, who provide speakers from differen deparmens o offer a comprehensive perspecive of a paricular job or company. Sudens who paricipae can apply for summer research, appreniceship, and/ or employmen opporuniies in he parnering company. Academic program: HSMSE faculy plan lessons ha include suden discussion and cooperaive learning o develop and improve problem-solving skills. All sudens ake four years of mah and science courses. Core classes mee every oher day for 90 minues, allowing ime o engage in hands-on aciviies and in-deph discussions. Sudens aend a 5-minue elecive enrichmen course daily; course opions include: gasronomy, asronomy, Microsof Office User Cerificaion, ar, poery wriing, jazz band, and classical guiar. here are hree major concenraions ha sudens selec from in he spring of heir sophomore year: mahemaics, Moun Sinai Medical Biomedical Research Program, or engineering. HSMSE has he larges German language program in New York Sae. College credi courses are offered in muliple ways: Advanced Placemen courses are offered o all, and Ciy Universiy of New York (CUNY) courses are offered o eligible sudens hrough he CCNY parnership and he CUNY College Now program. A HSMSE, we srive o educae he whole child; herefore, in addiion o sellar academic suppor services, HSMSE offers a Healh and Wellness Cener wih a full-ime menal healh clinician o mee he socio-emoional needs of our sudens. Exracurricular aciviies: CCNY s Baskerville Hall faces he college quad, giving sudens green space o ea lunch, socialize, and relax on sunny days. Sudens may paricipae in a wide variey of exracurricular aciviies and PSAL spors afer school, including Junior Saesmen of America, EaNYC, Euro- Challenge, Fed-Challenge, Science Olympiad, Roboics Club, and he Key Club Inernaional. Addiionally, HSMSE offers pingpong, volleyball, dance, cheerleading, and Sraegy Games clubs. HSMSE sudens compee in naional compeiions, sponsored by he Goehe Insiue and American Associaion of eachers of German, for sudy abroad opporuniies o Germany. Every year, a leas one HSMSE suden compees successfully enough o earn wo weeks free ravel o Germany. During he school year, HSMSE sponsors rips o colleges such as Boson College, Massachuses Insiue of echnology, Princeon, Brown, and Universiy of Michigan. 08 Admissions: 9,856 sudens lised HSMSE a CCNY as a choice on he SHSA, and 9 offers were made. HIGH SCHOOL OF AMERICAN SUDIES A LEHMAN COLLEGE 95 Goulden Avenue, Bronx, New York 068 Phone: (78) 9- Websie: arebofiore@schools.nyc.gov Overview: he High School of American Sudies a Lehman College (HSAS) emphasizes he sudy of American Hisory and offers sudens a well-rounded academic program ha aims o prepare sudens for admission o highly compeiive colleges and for a range of careers in poliics, law, journalism, business, science, mahemaics, and he ars. In all endeavors, HSAS seeks o encourage in sudens a love for learning and an inquisiive spiri. Academic program: All sudens engage in a hree-year chronological sudy of American Hisory. Our aim is o make hisory come alive hrough he use of primary source documens, films, biographies, lieraure, and creaive eaching echniques. Suppored by he Gilder-Lehrman Insiue, sudens gain firshand knowledge of he key evens in American hisory hrough rips o sies and ciies of hisoric imporance and hrough paricipaion in special seminars wih gues speakers. We also offer honors-level, Advanced Placemen, and elecive courses in mahemaics, science, consiuional and criminal law, lieraure, film, foreign languages, hisory, and he ars. A special componen of our program focuses on he developmen of college-level research skills and mehodologies, and sudens are herefore suppored by school and college faculy in he process of pursuing individualized research projecs. hrough our collaboraion wih Lehman College, sudens have access o is campus library and ahleic faciliies and ake credi-bearing college classes and seminars in heir junior and senior years. Exracurricular aciviies: Afer school, sudens may paricipae in a wide variey of clubs, join one of he school's many ahleic eams, and ake par in compeiive aciviies, such as moo cour, mock rial, debae, and Model UN. 08 Admissions: 7,8 sudens lised HSAS a Lehman College as a choice on he SHSA, and offers were made. QUEENS HIGH SCHOOL FOR HE SCIENCES A YORK COLLEGE h Sree, Jamaica, New York Phone: (78) Websie: BWisruck@schools.nyc.gov Overview: Queens High School for he Sciences a York College is dedicaed o preparing sudens for college and career by providing hem wih a rigorous curriculum ha emphasizes he sciences and mahemaics. he school philosophy is o educae he whole child. In addiion o he emphasis on academics, 7

8 HE SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS coninued... here is a srong focus on he liberal ars and on he developmen of sudens' inerpersonal, inrapersonal, collaboraive, and communicaion skills. Ulimaely, we believe ha hrough academic preparaion and emphasis on he sof skills, sudens will become lifelong learners and independen hinkers and make remendous conribuions o our sociey. Academic program: Course offerings vary from year o year. All courses are offered a an advanced or honors level. here is an exensive course offering program consising of Advanced Placemen opporuniies in all he disciplines such as Biology, Calculus AB, Calculus BC, Chemisry, Chinese, English Language and Composiion, Environmenal Science, Physics, Spanish, U.S. Hisory, Physics C and World Hisory. he school offers a variey of elecive courses in all he subjec areas, as well as ar, music, and language. Addiionally, sudens have an opporuniy o paricipae in science and mah research courses in which hey are menored by college professors. Opporuniies o enroll in Ciy Universiy of New York (CUNY) College Now courses, such as Biology, Sociology, Healh Services, Nuriion and Healh, Pre-Calculus, and Psychology are also available. Wihin his nururing environmen, sudens are furher suppored by heir eachers, counselors, and peers. Exracurricular aciviies: Since he school is locaed on he campus of York College, sudens enjoy sae-of-he-ar faciliies such as he college s library, gymnasium, pool, heaer, and cafeeria/food cour hroughou heir high school career. A variey of clubs (deermined by suden suggesion and saff capaciy) are available o all sudens, including debae, Amnesy Inernaional, No Place for Hae, Verias (lierary magazine), Key Club, roboics, baskeball, phoography, and many ohers. Sudens have opporuniies o paricipae in inernships, communiy service, science, mahemaics, and ar compeiions. Boys and Girls Swimming, Girls Bowling, and Coed ennis and Handball comprise he school s ahleic eams. 08 Admissions: 6,8 sudens lised Queens High School for he Sciences a York College as a choice on he SHSA, and 5 offers were made. SAEN ISLAND ECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL 85 Clawson Sree, Saen Island, New York 006 Phone: (78) 667- Websie: BMalenfan@schools.nyc.gov Overview: Saen Island echnical High School s college preparaory curriculum provides a robus liberal ars curriculum ha includes courses in science, echnology, engineering, ars, and mahemaics (SEAM), and a cuing edge Career and echnical Educaion (CE) program. All sudens paricipae in he highly innovaive : - BYOD Digial Educaion Iniiaive. Over 60% of he faculy members each Advanced Placemen (AP) and oher college level courses. Academic program: Sudens advance beyond he core curriculum by aking four years of mahemaics and a wide array of SEAM, AP, and Dual-Enrollmen courses in all subjec areas, along wih he opion of paricipaing in he Science & Engineering Research Program, in which sudens compee in he NYC Science and Engineering Fair, Regeneron Science alen Search, Google, and Qualiy of Life compeiions. All ninh grade sudens ake an Inensive Wriing course and College Board s Common Core-aligned SpringBoard English Language Ars curriculum, which prepares all sudens for AP Language and AP Lieraure and Composiion curricula, as well as he S All sudens graduae wih a leas wo or hree AP Social Sudies courses and ake hree years of Russian language. he Pre-Engineering SEAM program feaures Roboics, AuoCAD, Digial-Analog Elecronics, V Sudio Engineering, I Mouse Squad, and Compuer Science courses as well as an exensive Work Based Learning (WBL) College and Career Exploraion sequence feauring career alks, job shadowing, career and college fairs, as well as inernships. All sudens paricipae in he Pre-Engineering SEAM program. Parnerships wih CUNY College Now, SUNY Universiy in he High School, S. John s Universiy College Advanage and he College of S. Rose provide sudens wih he opporuniy o earn and graduae wih 5 o 60 college credis. Exracurricular aciviies: he exracurricular program feaures over 00 aferschool clubs and aciviies (e.g., roboics, debae, Science/Russian Olympiad) and 6 PSAL eams. he Suden Organizaion, Naional Honor Sociey and Junior Saesmen of America serve as he pipeline for our suden leaders, while sudens ineresed in he ars can paricipae in nine differen bands, including jazz, marching band and ensembles, as well as hearical producions. 08 Admissions: 6,007 sudens lised Saen Island echnical High School as a choice on he SHSA, and 6 offers were made. SUYVESAN HIGH SCHOOL 5 Chambers Sree, New York, New York Phone: () -800 Websie: 0M75@schools.nyc.gov Overview: Suyvesan High School s mission is o provide sudens wih a rigorous curriculum ha nurures and rewards 8

9 HE SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS coninued... heir inellecual curiosiy. Alhough Suyvesan is hisorically recognized for is srenghs in mah, science, and echnology insrucion, he school also has a dynamic and diverse humaniies program, as well as unique educaional opporuniies ouside he classroom. Academic program: he school s enriched curriculum includes required courses for graduaion and also affords is sudens he opporuniy o ake many advanced courses and elecives in various subjecs. hese course selecions include Science Research, Mulivariae Calculus, Organic Chemisry, Exisenialism, Engineering, and Geneics, in addiion o a wide array of Advanced Placemen courses. Exracurricular aciviies: he school is proud of is PSAL spors eams and exensive exracurricular aciviies such as Roboics, Mah eam, Speech and Debae, Science Olympiad, Chess, Model UN, and Junior Sae of America. here are a number of major publicaions, over 90 suden-run clubs, and an acive suden governmen. Sudens ineresed in music and ar may paricipae in one of musical ensembles, including symphonic band, symphony orchesra, jazz band, and a number of choral groups, as well as join he Suyvesan heaer Communiy, which presens hree major producions yearly, including a musical, drama, and comedy. 08 Admissions:,067 sudens lised Suyvesan High School as a choice on he SHSA, and 90 offers were made. FIORELLO H. LAGUARDIA HIGH SCHOOL OF MUSIC & AR AND PERFORMING ARS 00 Amserdam Avenue, New York, New York 00 Phone: () Websie: admissions@laguardiahs.org he Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Ar and Performing Ars enjoys an inernaional repuaion as he firs and foremos high school commied o nururing sudens dedicaed o he ars. LaGuardia High School s dual mission provides a uniquely balanced educaional experience ha includes boh demanding conservaory-syle raining and a rigorous, comprehensive academic program. Sudio Programs: Sudens in he Dance program sudy balle and modern dance; supplemenary courses include professional skills, dance hisory, choreography, heaer dance (ap and jazz), career managemen, and reperory. Sudens in he Drama program focus on heaer preparaion hrough courses in acing, voice and dicion, physical echniques, heaer hisory, musical heaer, acing on film, and scrip analysis. Sudens in he Fine Ars program receive he firs wo years of raining in radiional and foundaional skills and media. hese include, bu are no limied o, drawing, paining in waer-based media, graphic design, and paining in oils and acrylics. Afer aking he core ar courses, sudens round ou heir ars educaion wih advanced courses in he subjecs lised above and wih oher elecive offerings, such as archiecure, ar hisory, ceramics, compuer graphics, mural paining, phoography, prin making, and sculpure. Sudens in he echnical heaer program receive pracical raining in scenic carpenry, lighing echnology, cosume consrucion, sound properies, sage managemen, echnical drawing, and design. Upon successful compleion of his program, sudens may receive a Career and echnical Educaion (CE) endorsed diploma. echnical heaer sudens paricipae in boh he producion and he performance aspecs for various LaGuardia High School evens. Sudens in he Insrumenal Music program sudy sigh singing, music heory, and music hisory. he Insrumenal Music Sudio performing groups include Senior Orchesra, Junior Orchesra, Inermediae Orchesra, Elemenary Orchesra, Senior Band, Junior Band, Inermediae Band, Senior Jazz Band, Junior Jazz Band, and wo Pi Orchesras. Sudens in he Vocal Music program sudy sighsinging, music heory, and music hisory. Sudio performing groups include Elemenary, Mixed, Girls, Women s, and Senior Choruses. In voice classes, sudens receive raining in Ialian, German, and French vocal lieraure. Boh Vocal and Insrumenal Music elecive courses include Chamber Music, Guiar, Soundlab Recording Sudio, Music echnology, New Music Ensemble, Show Choir, Solo Voice, Audiion Preparaion, Gospel Choir, Piano, Songwriing, and an Opera producion. Sudens also have he opporuniy o compose, conduc, and perform original reperoire. Each sudio requires a subsanial ime commimen afer school, in addiion o muliple periods of sudy during he school day. Requiremens include, bu are no limied o, rehearsals and performances, as well as he pracical applicaion of echnical heaer and gallery managemen echniques. Longer school days are expeced during performance imes, and sudens are required o be presen and paricipae in program-relaed, afer-school performances and aciviies. Upon successful compleion of graduaion requiremens, sudio coursework, and examinaions, sudens may receive he Chancellor's Ars Endorsemen. Audiions will be held a he LaGuardia High School campus in Manhaan. Sudens mus regiser for audiions wih heir school counselors. See pages -6 for LaGuardia High School audiion informaion. Academic program: LaGuardia High School sudens exceed he NYC Deparmen of Educaion's College and Career Readiness Benchmarks. hese benchmarks, as oulined by he DOE, define he qualiies and achievemens ha sudens need o complee in order o be ready o enroll, persis, and 9

10 HE SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS coninued... succeed in college, possecondary raining opporuniies, and gain enry ino meaningful careers. he school s rigorous academic program includes required courses for graduaion, CUNY College Credi Bearing Courses, as well as over Advanced Placemen (AP) courses in he following subjecs: Ar Hisory; Biology; Calculus AB and BC; Chemisry; Compuer Science Principles; English Language; English Lieraure; Environmenal Science; Governmen & Poliics; Human Geography; Language and Culure in Ialian, French, and Spanish; Music heory; Physics; Psychology; Saisics; Sudio Ar Drawing and -D; US Hisory; and World Hisory. Exracurricular aciviies: Sudens acively engage in PSAL spors eams and an exensive array of exracurricular aciviies such as Mah eam, Science Olympiad, GSA, and ARCHON and ARISA Honor Socieies. Sudens paricipae in over 50 suden-run clubs and suden governmen. 08 Admissions:,05 sudens received one or more offers o he programs a LaGuardia High School from a pool of,88 sudens who regisered for an audiion. Sudens complee his course load in addiion o heir sudio majors. 0

11 SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS ADMISSIONS ES SHSA DAES AND LOCAIONS SECION All eligible curren 8h and firs-ime 9h grade sudens in public, privae, and parochial schools applying o one or more of New York Ciy s Specialized High Schools (wih he excepion of LaGuardia High School) mus ake he SHS Approximaely 8,000 sudens ook he SHSA for Sepember 08 admission. Sudens ineresed in aking he SHSA should speak wih heir school counselor during he regisraion period. Sudens will be issued a es icke, which will indicae he dae, ime, locaion and esing accommodaions (if applicable) assigned o he suden for esing. Sudens mus es on he dae and a he locaion assigned. esing locaions are specified on page, and sudens are assigned o a es sie based on he geographic disric in which he suden s school is locaed. Please repor conflics o your child s school counselor as soon as possible. See below for informaion on make-up requess. Sepember 6 Ocober, 08 Regisraion Period Ocober 7, 08 es ickes available for disribuion ES DAES (For locaions, see page ) All curren 8h grade sudens Saurday, Ocober 0, 08 All curren 8h grade sudens All firs-ime 9h grade sudens Sunday, Ocober, 08 SHSA School Day pilo hursday, November, 08 Curren 8h and firs-ime 9h grade sudens who are English Language Learners or sudens wih disabiliies who have Individualized Educaion Programs (IEPs) or 50 Plans ha include esing accommodaions.* Make-up es requess Saurday, November, 08 Sunday, November 8, 08 Sudens new o New York Ciy (Records mus show ha suden arrived in NYC afer he November es.) End of summer 09 ALERNAE ES DAE Sudens mus noify heir school counselors wihin he regisraion period if hey require a es dae ha does no conflic wih a Saurday or Sunday religious observance. If a suden s es icke does no indicae an appropriae dae, he suden should speak o heir school counselor so ha he icke can be modified. Sudens whose es conflics wih heir LaGuardia High School audiion should refer o Audiion Excepions on page. If a suden is ill and unable o ake he es on a scheduled dae, he suden mus immediaely noify heir school counselor upon reurn o school, presen medical documenaion, and reques ha he school counselor provide a make-up esing dae. Documenaion is required o confirm a valid make-up reques. School counselors mus submi requess wih required documenaion by Ocober for he November es and by November for he November 8 es. *More informaion abou eligible English Language Learners and former English Language Learners is on page 8.

12 SHSA DAES AND LOCAIONS coninued... Grade 8 and 9 sudens aending schools in: ESING SIE ADDRESS ES LOCAIONS Manhaan Suyvesan High School 5 Chambers Sree, New York, NY 08 el: () -800 Subways:,,, A, C, E o Chambers Sree; R o Ciy Hall Buses: M0, M, M5, M9, X, X0 Bronx Bronx High School of Science 75 Wes 05 Sree, Bronx, NY 068 el: (78) Subways:, o Bedford Park Boulevard-Lehman College; B, D o Bedford Park Boulevard Buses: Bx, Bx0, Bx, Bx, Bx6, Bx8, Bx Brooklyn Disrics,, 5, 6, 9, Brooklyn echnical High School 9 For Greene Place, Brooklyn, NY 7 el: (78) Subways:,,, 5 o Nevins Sree, A o Hoy & Schermerhorn; B, Q, R o DeKalb Avenue; C o Lafayee Avenue; D, N o Alanic Avenue-Barclays Cener; G o Fulon Sree Buses: B0, B5, B7, B8, B, B5, B5, B5, B6, B6, B65, B69 Brooklyn Disrics 7, 8,,, James Madison High School 787 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 9 el: (78) Subways: B, Q o Kings Highway Buses: B00, B, B, B, B9, B7, B8, BM, BM Brooklyn Disric 0 Sunse Park High School 5 5h Sree, Brooklyn, NY el: (78) Subways: D, N, R o 6h S Ave Buses: B5, B7, B6, B70, X, X, X7, X7A, X9, X, X, X5, X9 Queens Disrics 6, 7, 8, 9 Hillcres High School Highland Avenue, Jamaica, NY el: (78) Subways: E, J, Z o Jamaica Cener-Parsons/Archer; F o Parsons Boulevard Buses: Q, Q0, Q, Q, Q, Q7, Q, Q0A, Q0B, Q, Q, Q, Q, Q6, Q0, Q, Q, Q56, Q6, Q65, Q76, Q77, Q8, Q8, Q9, X68 Queens Disrics, 5, 0 Long Island Ciy High School -0 Broadway, Long Island Ciy, NY 06 el: (78) Subways: N, Q o Broadway Buses: Q00, Q0, Q0, Q0, Q8, Q66, Q69 Saen Island Saen Island echnical High School 85 Clawson Sree, Saen Island, NY 006 el: (78) 667- Subways: Saen Island Railway (SIR) o New Dorp Buses: S57, S7, S76, S78, S79-SBS Noe: No every sie will be available on November 8. Please check your es icke for precise esing locaion.

13 SHSA DAES AND LOCAIONS coninued... ES RESULS Please noe ha he SHSA is no considered for admission o LaGuardia High School. For all oher Specialized High Schools, offers are made o sudens based upon heir SHSA scores, how hey ranked he Specialized High Schools on he SHSA answer shee, and sea availabiliy. SHSA scores are available in March 09 wih High School Admissions Round One resuls. o deermine offers o a Specialized High School: All sudens ake he SHSA and lis heir school choices on he SHSA answer shee in heir rue preference order. Sudens only lis he eigh Specialized High Schools where admissions is based on he SHS See page for more informaion abou lising choices. hen, all scores of he sudens who ook he es are ordered from highes score o lowes score. he suden wih he highes score is placed in heir firs choice (highes lised school). Saring from he highes score on down, each suden, in urn, is placed in ha suden s highes lised school in which seas are sill available. herefore, if all he seas in a suden s firs-choice school have been offered o sudens who scored higher, he suden is placed in heir second-choice school if seas are available. If all he seas in he suden s second-choice school have been offered o sudens who scored higher, he suden is offered a sea in heir hird-choice school if here are sill seas available, and so on. his process coninues unil here are no seas available in any of hese eigh Specialized High Schools. From year o year, he number of offers and projeced seas for each Specialized High School may be subjec o an increase or decrease based on school enrollmen.

14 FIORELLO H. LAGUARDIA HIGH SCHOOL OF MUSIC & AR AND PERFORMING ARS AUDIIONS SECION Sepember 7 Ocober, 08 Regiser for LaGuardia High School audiion(s) wih your school counselor. Ocober 7, 08 Audiion ickes available for disribuion AUDIION DAES All audiions are held a LaGuardia High School. Daes are scheduled according o he borough in which your school is locaed, no your curren home address, and by he firs leer of your las name. BOROUGH LAS NAME AUDIION GROUP DAE SAR IME Bronx A L Sudens audiioning for Dance Saurday, November 0, 08 8:00 AM Bronx M Z Sudens audiioning for Dance Sunday, November 0, 08 8:00 AM Bronx A Z Sudens audiioning for a single or muliple sudios excep Dance Saurday, December 0, 08 8:00 AM Brooklyn A Z Sudens audiioning for wo or more sudios or echnical heaer Saurday, Ocober 7, 08 8:00 AM Brooklyn A L Sudens audiioning for a single sudio excep echnical heaer Sunday, Ocober 8, 08 8:00 AM Brooklyn M Z Sudens audiioning for a single sudio excep echnical heaer Sunday, Ocober 8, 08 :0 AM Manhaan A Z Sudens audiioning for wo or more sudios or echnical heaer Saurday, November 0, 08 8:00 AM Manhaan A L Sudens audiioning for a single sudio excep echnical heaer Sunday, November 0, 08 8:00 AM Manhaan M Z Sudens audiioning for a single sudio excep echnical heaer Sunday, November 0, 08 :0 AM Queens/ Saen Island A Z Sudens audiioning for wo or more sudios or echnical heaer Saurday, November 7, 08 8:00 AM Queens/ Saen Island A K Sudens audiioning for a single sudio or echnical heaer Sunday, November 8, 08 8:00 AM Queens/ Saen Island L Z Sudens audiioning for a single sudio or echnical heaer Sunday, November 8, 08 :0 AM AUDIION EXCEPIONS If a suden s audiion dae conflics wih a religious observance, he suden may audiion on eiher he Saurday or Sunday of he suden s scheduled weekend. If a suden's scheduled SHSA dae/ime conflics wih heir scheduled LaGuardia High School audiion, he suden mus audiion on eiher he Saurday or Sunday of he suden s scheduled weekend. AUDIIONS FOR SUDENS NEW O NEW YORK CIY A suden whose official records indicae ha hey became a New York Ciy residen afer November, 08 may be eligible o audiion a he end of summer 09. Please visi a New York Ciy Deparmen of Educaion Family Welcome Cener once a suden becomes a New York Ciy residen. LaGuardia High School requires a docor's noe for sudens who miss heir audiion and need o reschedule due o illness/injury.

15 FIORELLO H. LAGUARDIA HIGH SCHOOL OF MUSIC & AR AND PERFORMING ARS AUDIIONS coninued... ADMISSIONS PROCESS Admission o LaGuardia High School is based on a compeiive audiion and review of a suden s academic record o ensure success in he school s demanding sudio work and challenging academic program. o audiion for one or more of he sudios a LaGuardia High School, a suden mus inform heir school counselor of heir inenion o audiion and indicae for which sudio(s) hey wish o audiion. he school counselor mus provide he suden wih a receip o reflec he reques during he regisraion period, and an Audiion icke prior o he audiion dae. Successful candidaes are expeced o exhibi an inermediae o advanced level of proficiency in heir ar forms. Sudens are evaluaed based on heir preparaion for he audiion, echnical proficiency, and arisic expression. Mos sudens receiving an offer for one or more of he sudios ypically score beween poins on he sudio rubric in addiion o having a saisfacory academic and aendance record. All applicans mus bring heir Audiion icke o each audiion for enrance. Prined receips from he regisraion process are no accepable. For sudens who aend a nonpublic school (privae or parochial), one copy of he previous academic year s repor card and/or ranscrip is required for each sudio audiion for which he suden is regisered. For example, if he suden is audiioning for wo sudios, hen he suden mus provide wo copies of he Audiion icke and repor card. Sudens are evaluaed solely on he official marks awarded during he previous academic school year. No reevaluaion will be done based on any subsequen improved academic performance. REGISERING FOR LAGUARDIA HIGH SCHOOL AUDIIONS Sudens ineresed in applying o one or more of he six sudios a LaGuardia High School should review he audiion requiremens lised in his handbook and also in he 09 New York Ciy High School Direcory o prepare o audiion. Sudens regisered o audiion for more han wo sudios may be asked by LaGuardia High School o audiion over more han one day. Sudens should ask heir school counselors o follow up wih LaGuardia High School direcly if hey are in his siuaion. English Language Learners (ELLs) eligible for esing accommodaions and sudens wih Individualized Educaion Plans (IEPs) or 50 Plans including esing accommodaions will receive hose accommodaions for he LaGuardia High School audiion(s) as long as he accommodaions do no inerfere wih he conen or he skill being measured. Sudens wih disabiliies or eligible ELLs and former ELLs who will be using heir accommodaions for LaGuardia High School audiions mus send relevan documens relaed o he accommodaions o LaGuardia High School prior o he regisraion deadline (e.g., suden s IEP, 50 Plan, or signed leer on school leerhead describing ELL suppors received by suden in school seing). Documenaion for LaGuardia High School can be faxed o or ed o admissions@laguardiahs.org. Sudens mus arrive on ime for audiion(s), alhough he arrival ime indicaed on he Audiion icke may no be he acual sar ime of he audiion. Sudens are srongly encouraged o bring a ligh snack and/or waer. A he audiions, here is a designaed waiing area for families, as audiion areas are for suden applicans only. Family members or guardians also may choose o leave and re-ener he school building a any ime. I is imporan ha he suden has food and ha any oher communicaion wih families is made prior o he beginning of he audiion process. AUDIION INFORMAION FOR EACH SUDIO A oal of,88 sudens regisered o audiion for one or more of he six sudios a LaGuardia High School for he school year. Sudens may audiion for he sudios lised below. Only sudens who are residens of New York Ciy are eligible o apply and audiion. DANCE Applicans paricipae in boh a balle class and a modern dance class. Applicans should wear balle shoes and fied black dance aire. DRAMA Applicans should be prepared o perform wo (age and conen appropriae) conrasing one-minue monologues. Applicans may be asked o do an imprompu reading. Aire should allow free movemen since applicans may be asked o demonsrae how well hey move physically. FINE AR Applicans mus bring a porfolio of 8-5 pieces of original arwork done in a variey of media. he ype of arwork should be from observaion, imaginaion, and memory. All arwork mus be labeled appropriaely o include suden name, ype of arwork, and medium. Sudens mus also label arwork as being creaed from observaion, imaginaion, or memory. Phoographs no originals of hree-dimensional (D) works may be included. For he audiion, applicans will be given hree drawing assignmens. Sudens are asked o draw he human figure from observaion, draw a sill life from memory, and creae a drawing in color based on imaginaion. All drawing maerials for audiions will be supplied by he school a he ime of he audiion. INSRUMENAL MUSIC Applicans should prepare a solo selecion o perform wihou accompanimen and bring one copy of he music hey plan o perform. Applicans should bring 5

16 FIORELLO H. LAGUARDIA HIGH SCHOOL OF MUSIC & AR AND PERFORMING ARS AUDIIONS coninued... heir insrumens o he audiion, excep hose audiioning on piano, percussion, uba, double bass, and harp. hese insrumens will be provided by he school a he audiion. Amplifiers also will be provided a he audiion for elecric guiariss. Applicans will be esed for rhyhm and onal memory and will be asked o perform a sigh-reading excerp. ECHNICAL HEAER Applicans are expeced o bring a prepared D design model/diorama wih aached phoograph of he diorama from one of he following plays: he Crucible, A Raisin in he Sun, or Dracula. Sudens mus be able o discuss he play and heir choices in designing he diorama. Sudens mus also be able o carry he diorama hemselves hroughou he audiion day. Applicans paricipae in one-onone, hands-on pracical in more han one aspec of echnical heaer. VOCAL MUSIC Applicans should prepare a song o sing wihou accompanimen for he audiion. LaGuardia High School has a suggesed online song lis ( applicans are no required o selec from he song lis. In addiion o performing he seleced song, applicans will be asked o sing back melodic paerns and ap back rhyhmic paerns. 6

17 APPLYING O HE SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS SEPS IN HE APPLICAION PROCESS SECION CONAC SCHOOL COUNSELOR Sudens should conac heir school counselor o indicae hey would like o ake he SHSA and/or audiion for LaGuardia High School wihin he regisraion period, saring in early Sepember. OBAIN A ES OR AUDIION ICKE Prior o he esing/audiion dae(s), school counselors will provide sudens wih a SHSA es icke and/or a LaGuardia High School Audiion icke. his icke will indicae he locaion of he es/audiion sie, he dae and ime of he es/audiion, he suden s ID number, he school code of he suden s curren school, and esing accommodaions (if applicable). Please repor conflics o your child s school counselor as soon as possible. See page for informaion on make-up requess. Once es and Audiion ickes have been issued, sudens are expeced o arrive on he dae and ime indicaed on heir ickes. SHSA sies are based on he locaion of sudens curren schools, no curren home addresses. LaGuardia High School audiion daes and imes are based on he borough where sudens currenly aend school. REVIEW ES OR AUDIION ICKE Sudens and parens/guardians should review all informaion on he es or Audiion icke for accuracy. ELLs and sudens wih disabiliies should check heir ickes and make sure hey are scheduled for he appropriae esing dae (see pages and ) and wih he appropriae accommodaions. hey should inform heir school counselors immediaely if here are any errors on he es or Audiion icke. COMPLEE AND OBAIN PAREN/ GUARDIAN SIGNAURE ON ES OR AUDIION ICKE Sudens and parens/guardians mus sign he es or Audiion icke prior o he exam or audiion. hose who are aking he SHSA mus lis up o eigh Specialized High Schools in prioriy order on he es icke. Sudens will copy hese choices ono he SHSA answer shee on es day. Families and sudens should work ogeher so ha sudens are prepared o do his correcly. Each suden will be considered for admission only for he schools lised on heir answer shee. Sudens may choose o lis only one school on heir es ickes and answer shees, or may lis all eigh schools on heir es ickes and answer shees in order o increase heir chances of receiving an offer o one of he eigh Specialized High Schools. his is he only opporuniy for sudens o indicae heir choices. he LaGuardia High School Audiion icke will show he sudio(s) he suden is regisered o audiion for. Sudens should make a copy of he Audiion icke for each audiion. 5AEND SHSA OR AUDIION Sudens aking he SHSA mus bring heir es ickes o he es sies on he day of he es. Sudens audiioning for any sudio a LaGuardia High School mus bring heir Audiion ickes o heir audiion(s). Sudens arriving wihou an Audiion or es icke may no be allowed o es or audiion. Alhough sies will make every effor o confirm a suden's regisraion and allow hose wih missing ickes o es or audiion, anoher dae may need o be scheduled. Sudens should arrive a he ime indicaed on he es or Audiion icke, bu i is imporan o noe ha he es or audiion may sar afer he arrival ime lised on he es or Audiion icke. Sudens are allowed o bring cell phones o he SHSA es sie and/or LaGuardia High School, bu cell phones mus be urned off and no in use while in school buildings. No oher elecronic devices are allowed. Prior o he sar of he audiion or SHSA, sudens mus be prepared o urn in heir cell phones when i is requesed. For boh he SHSA and LaGuardia High School audiions, sudens may bring a snack and waer; however, es and audiion sie saff, including procors and adjudicaors, will deermine when consuming hese iems is allowed. 6RECEIVE RESULS Sudens mus be residens of New York Ciy in order o receive resuls of he SHSA and/or offers o LaGuardia High School sudio(s). In March 09, sudens will be noified hrough he High School Admissions Round One resuls leers wheher or no hey received offer(s) o Specialized High Schools. I is possible for sudens who audiion for one or more of he sudios a LaGuardia High School o receive offer(s) o one or more of he sudios a LaGuardia High School. Sudens who receive an offer o a Specialized High School may, a he same ime, receive an offer o one of he oher high school choices ha were submied on heir New York Ciy High School Admissions Round One Applicaion. Sudens wih more han one offer will choose one o accep. 7

18 APPLYING O HE SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS coninued... ESING AND AUDIION ACCOMMODAIONS he following sudens are eligible o receive esing and/or audiion accommodaions on he SHSA and on LaGuardia High School audiions: Sudens wih disabiliies who have IEPs or 50 Plans ha include es accommodaions; Curren ELLs; and Former ELLs who achieved proficiency on he New York Sae English as a Second Language Achievemen es (NYSESLA) in 07 and 08. he purpose of esing accommodaions is o enable sudens wih disabiliies and limied English proficiency o paricipae in assessmens on an equal basis wih heir peers. esing accommodaions provide he opporuniy for eligible sudens o demonsrae masery of skills and knowledge wihou being limied or unfairly resriced due o he effecs of a disabiliy or language proficiency. Families are encouraged o review he New York Ciy Deparmen of Educaion s (NYCDOE) resources on esing accommodaions for addiional informaion: hp://schools.nyc.gov/academics/specialeducaion/ FamilyResources/GuidesDocumens/defaul.hm. IMPORAN INFORMAION ABOU ACCOMMODAIONS: esing accommodaions for he SHSA or LaGuardia High School audiions are provided based on a suden s exising esing accommodaions. hese are documened on sudens IEPs or 50 Plans or based on heir ELL saus. Accommodaions ha are requesed only for he SHSA and/or LaGuardia High School audiions are no allowed. Sudens mus demonsrae a documened hisory of needing and using esing accommodaions. Sudens wih 50 Plans mus have heir accommodaions approved every year. Schools and families mus review (and approve, if appropriae) he suden s Plan no laer han he las day of school in June 08. Please see his FAQ on 50 Plans: hp://schools.nyc.gov/offices/healh/schoolhealhforms Sudens who demonsrae disabiliies or emporary impairmens wihin 0 days of he SHSA may receive cerain emergency esing accommodaions, if approved by he principal. Please see he secion on Emergency esing and/ or Audiion Accommodaions on page 0 for more informaion. ESING ACCOMMODAIONS ON HE SHSA Sudens wih disabiliies will be provided wih he accommodaions lised in heir IEPs or 50 Plans unless he accommodaion is no permied or is no needed on he SHSA (see he nex secion). Sudens and families should conac he school counselor a heir curren school wih quesions abou esing accommodaions on he SHSA and o make sure heir esing accommodaions are correc on heir es ickes. Due o he ime needed o ransiion sudens from he building enrance o he esing rooms, exended ime on he examinaion is calculaed from he sar ime of he exam, no he arrival ime indicaed on he icke. In addiion, sudens wih exended ime may have up o wo 5 minue breaks during he exended ime period and afer he sandard adminisraion of 80 minues. Wih his in mind, check wih he esing sie on he day of he es o see when your child is expeced o finish he es. ELLs and eligible former ELLs aking he SHSA are graned exended esing ime oaling 60 minues (.0x sandard esing ime) as well as up o wo 5 minue breaks afer he firs 80 minues of esing. Bilingual mahemaics glossaries will also be provided by he NYCDOE on he day of he SHSA a each es adminisraion sie in he NYCDOE s nine major languages: Arabic, Bengali, Chinese (radiional and Simplified), French, Haiian-Creole, Korean, Russian, Spanish, and Urdu. Sudens are no permied o bring heir own bilingual mahemaics glossaries. Sample glossaries can be found on he NYCDOE Specialized High Schools Admissions es (SHSA) websie: hp://schools.nyc.gov/accounabiliy/resources/esing/ shsa.hm. ELLs wih IEPs or 50 Plans will receive he accommodaions o which hey are eniled, as long as he accommodaions are permied for he SHSA (see he nex secion). Sudens whose IEPs or 50 Plans include he use of assisive echnology, such as a Frequency Modulaion (FM) Uni or oher aids, such as masks, markers, highlighers, pencil grip, slan board, or a magnifying glass, mus bring hese wih hem on he day of he SHSA and/or audiion if needed. Assisive echnology and oher aids will no be provided by es or audiion sies on esing and/or audiion days. Scribes and Answers Recorded in Any Manner If a suden has a scribe lised on heir IEP or 50 Plan, i is imporan o discuss wih he school counselor if he suden needs help answering in he es bookle or help filling in he answer shee. A scribe is needed only if a suden is unable o circle heir answers in he es bookle. Sudens who require a scribe on esing day will have a one-o-one esing adminisraion. Sudens who are able o circle answers in he es bookle are provided wih he "Answers Recorded in he es Bookle" accommodaion. he procor will assis he suden wih ranscribing he answers from he es bookle 8

19 APPLYING O HE SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS coninued... ESING AND AUDIION ACCOMMODAIONS ono he answer shee a he conclusion of he es. I is criical for families o work wih heir IEP or 50 eam o make sure he correc accommodaion is lised on he IEP or 50 Plan as well as on he suden's es icke. esing Accommodaions No Allowed for he SHSA Sudens are eniled o he esing accommodaions saed on heir IEPs or 50 Plans; however, cerain accommodaions are no permied for any suden on he SHS For example, sudens are no permied o use calculaors and/or mahemaics ables on he Mahemaics secion because his secion of he SHSA measures sudens mahemaical compuaion skills. Addiionally, oral ranslaions of es direcions, quesions, and answers are no permied because his changes he sandardizaion of he es. (ELLs who need ranslaions are permied o use bilingual mahemaics glossaries on he Mahemaics secion of he SHSA only.) Sudens and families mus work wih heir school counselors o inquire abou esing accommodaions or specific siuaions which may no be addressed here. esing Accommodaions No Needed for he SHSA In addiion, some accommodaions ha sudens may use on oher ess may no be needed on he SHS For example, sudens who use a compuer or word processor for ess wih essays will no need o use his accommodaion on he SHSA because here are no essays on he es. ESING ACCOMMODAIONS FOR LAGUARDIA HIGH SCHOOL AUDIIONS If here is any quesion as o wheher an accommodaion is permied for an audiion, please have your school counselor conac LaGuardia High School direcly by phone a or a admissions@laguardiahs.org. For informaion abou arranging for accommodaions for LaGuardia High School audiions, please see he nex secion. CONFIRMING ESING ACCOMMODAIONS ON HE SHSA AND FOR LAGUARDIA HIGH SCHOOL AUDIIONS During he SHSA regisraion period, a suden s curren school, including non-public schools (privae and parochial schools), is responsible for enering and/or confirming he appropriae esing accommodaions in he NYCDOE s enrollmen and regisraion sysem. For sudens wih 50 Plans or similar school-based accommodaion plans (only for sudens no in NYCDOE schools), all documenaion mus be submied o he NYCDOE for review a leas hree () weeks prior o he regisraion deadline. Documenaion received afer his deadline may no be reviewed in ime for he suden's scheduled es dae. Sudens and families should conac heir school counselors a heir curren schools wih quesions abou esing accommodaions on he SHS Boh public and non-public sudens arranging accommodaions for LaGuardia High School audiions mus have heir school counselor send supporing documenaion direcly o LaGuardia High School prior o he regisraion deadline (e.g., suden s IEP, 50 Plan, or signed leer on school leerhead describing English Language Learner suppors received by suden in school seing). Documenaion for LaGuardia High School can be faxed o or ed o admissions@laguardiahs.org. School counselors should conac LaGuardia High School direcly wih any quesions abou audiion accommodaions. Non-public school sudens wih disabiliies who do no have an IEP or 50 Plan indicaing heir need for esing accommodaions mus work wih heir school counselors o complee a NYCDOE Reques for Accommodaions form and submi he form and supporing documenaion o he NYCDOE for review and approval by Sepember 0, 08. Parens/guardians can ge he form from heir child's curren school. he child's school counselor is responsible for submiing he form by Sepember 0, 08. he NYCDOE may need addiional informaion abou how a suden's accommodaions were deermined and will verify he documened hisory and need for requesed accommodaions. OPING OU OF ESING ACCOMMODAIONS Before he regisraion deadline, parens/guardians of ELLs and sudens wih IEPs or 50 Plans may op ou of esing accommodaions for heir children on he SHSA or LaGuardia High School audiions. Parens/guardians mus conac heir child s school counselor o indicae in wriing heir desire o op ou of esing accommodaions for heir child before he regisraion deadline. Neiher school counselors nor sudens may op ou of esing accommodaions; wrien consen by a paren/guardian is required. If i is no possible o provide wrien consen o op ou of esing accommodaions before he regisraion deadline, parens/guardians mus provide heir wrien consen on esing day o op ou of he esing accommodaions lised on heir child s es or Audiion icke. 9

20 APPLYING O HE SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS coninued... ESING AND AUDIION ACCOMMODAIONS On esing day, sudens canno modify or op ou of he esing accommodaions lised on heir es or Audiion icke unless paren/guardian consen has been provided in wriing on he es or Audiion icke. SUDENS WIH EXENDED IME WHO FINISH HE ES BEFORE HE END OF HE EXENDED IME PERIOD All sudens mus say in esing rooms for he enire sandard es adminisraion ime (80 minues), wih he excepion of bahroom breaks. Once he sandard es adminisraion ime (80 minues) is over, sudens wih an accommodaion of exended ime may leave if hey have finished working on he exam. Sudens who coninue esing ino heir exended ime may have up o wo 5 minue breaks during ha ime. mus conac LaGuardia High School direcly o reques he accommodaion. Sudens and families should conac heir curren school counselor for addiional informaion abou esing accommodaions. BUILDING ACCESSIBILIY he NYCDOE is commied o ensuring ha is programs, services, and aciviies are accessible o saff, members of he school communiy, sudens, and family members wih disabiliies. he NYCDOE assesses all of is buildings on a coninuing basis o deermine which schools are accessible o individuals wih disabiliies. For he mos up-o-dae informaion on he accessibiliy of each school, please conac he school direcly. Families are encouraged o visi schools o learn abou he level of accessibiliy. For more informaion, please visi hp://schools.nyc.gov/offices/osp/accessibiliy. Sudens who leave before he end of heir exended ime will be required o acknowledge in wriing ha hey had he opporuniy o use he full amoun of he exended ime period bu chose o leave early. If a paren/guardian does no wan heir child o leave he esing room before he full amoun of he exended ime period has ended, he paren/guardian is responsible for communicaing his o heir child before he es begins. Re-ess will no be provided o sudens who choose o leave before he end of heir exended ime. EMERGENCY ESING AND/OR AUDIION ACCOMMODAIONS Emergency esing accommodaions are inended for use by sudens whose disabiliies or injuries occur afer he regisraion deadline bu before heir scheduled esing/ audiion day, and wihou enough ime o develop an IEP or 50 Plan. For he SHSA, sudens and families should work wih heir school counselor o complee he Emergency esing Reques form and ask heir school counselor o he NYCDOE as soon as possible prior o he esing day ha emergency accommodaions may be needed. If a family requess an accommodaion wihou giving he NYCDOE sufficien ime o review he reques before he regular SHSA adminisraion dae, he suden s SHSA may be rescheduled o ensure ha he reques for accommodaions may be properly reviewed. If a suden requires emergency accommodaions for a LaGuardia High School audiion, he family or school counselor 0

21 55 SHSA DESCRIPION AND MAERIALS SECION he SHSA assesses knowledge and skills sudens have gained over he course of heir educaion. hese skills consis of he abiliy o comprehend English lierary and informaional exs, o demonsrae undersanding of revising and ediing skills ha are imporan for wriing in English, and o use problem-solving skills in mahemaics. SHSA ES DESIGN FOR 08 he SHSA has wo secions: English Language Ars (ELA) and Mahemaics. Sandard adminisraion ime is 80 minues o complee he es. here are 57 quesions oal in each secion; of hese, 7 are scored quesions and 0 are embedded field es quesions. You will NO know which quesions are scored and which are field es quesions. I is o your advanage o answer all quesions in each secion. ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS SECION (57 QUESIONS) he English Language Ars (ELA) secion consiss of wo pars Revising/Ediing and Reading Comprehension as described below. Number of Quesions Skills Assessed Secion Forma Number of Quesions Skills Assessed Secion Forma Revising/Ediing Secion 9- abiliy o recognize and correc language errors and improve overall qualiy of wriing Par A: each quesion is based on is own senence/paragraph Par B: all quesions are based on a single passage Reading Comprehension Secion 6-8 abiliy o undersand, analyze, and inerpre exs 6 exs, followed by 6-0 quesions MAHEMAICS SECION (57 QUESIONS) he Mahemaics secion consiss of word and compuaional quesions in eiher a muliple-choice or grid-in forma. here are 5 grid-in mah quesions and 5 muliple-choice quesions. Mah quesions on he Grade 8 es forms are based on maerial included in he New York Ciy curriculum hrough Grade 7. Mah quesions on he Grade 9 es forms are based on maerial hrough Grade 8. Sudens may choose o complee eiher he English Language Ars or Mahemaics secion firs. Sudens who finish early may go back o quesions in eiher secion o review heir work. Sudens will no be given exra ime a he end of esing o ransfer responses from he es bookle o he answer shee. All responses mus be recorded on he answer shee before he end of he es. CHANGES O SHSA ES DESIGN Secion 07 SHSA 08 SHSA Revising/Ediing 0 quesions 9- quesions Reading Comprehension 5-6 informaional exs - informaional exs, - lierary prose exs, poem Informaional exs may include any of he ex ypes ha middle school sudens should have experience wih, such as: exposiion, argumen, and funcional ex in he form of personal essays, speeches, opinion pieces, essays abou ar or lieraure, biographies, memoirs, journalism, and hisorical, scienific, echnical, or economic accouns wrien for a broad audience. Lierary prose exs may include any of he ex ypes ha middle school sudens should have experience wih, such as: advenure sories, hisorical ficion, myseries, myhs, science ficion, realisic ficion, allegories, parodies, or saire.

22 SHSA DESCRIPION AND MAERIALS coninued... ES MAERIALS Sudens MUS bring o he esing session: a SHSA es icke signed by paren/guardian wih suden s Specialized High School choices sharpened Number pencils (a ballpoin pen or oher ink canno be used for machine scoring) an eraser Assisive echnology (if indicaed on he IEP and es icke) he es sie will provide: a es bookle wih an answer shee and scrap paper aached Scrap paper may be used o ake noes or for mah calculaions and will be colleced a he end of he es. SHSA ESING PROCEDURES Sudens, i is imporan o review he insrucions below wih your paren/guardian o ensure undersanding prior o esing. ARRIVING A HE ES SIE I is imporan o arrive a he es sie a he ime indicaed on your SHSA es icke. he es sie can provide informaion abou esimaed imes when sudens will be released from esing. Please noe he es will no begin immediaely afer he saed arrival ime. he ime shown on he es icke is he arrival ime, no he ime he es will sar. Prior o he es, you will be asked o read and sign a saemen on your answer shee indicaing ha you are a residen of New York Ciy, are well enough o ake he es, and are aking i a he appropriae grade level. Sudens who sign his saemen bu do no mee he requiremens specified will be disqualified from accepance o any of he Specialized High Schools. Prior o he sar of he es, NYCDOE saff will ake a phoograph or video of he sudens in each esing room. hese images will be used for es securiy purposes only. Do NO bring cameras or personal elecronic devices such as a calculaor, calculaor wach, smar wach, MP Player/iPod, able/ipad, or ebook reader o he es. Non-calculaor, silen waches ARE allowed. As per NYCDOE esing policy, cell phones and oher elecronic devices will be colleced from all sudens enering he esing room and reurned o he suden afer he suden finishes he es and leaves he esing room. Sudens may no access any devices during esing, including break periods. es sies will designae a cell phone collecion procedure for sudens o follow before he es sars. Sudens will be insruced o sore cell phones/cameras/elecronic devices in heir backpack/bag, or a school provided conainer, and place i in he fron of he classroom unil he conclusion of he es adminisraion. Sudens are no allowed o bring calculaors o he es sie. Sudens who do bring calculaors mus sore hem in heir backpack/bag, or a school provided conainer, unil he conclusion of he es adminisraion. Any suden who refuses o relinquish a prohibied device will no be allowed o ake he es. Possession of a prohibied device, including a calculaor, a any ime during he es adminisraion, even if powered off, will resul in he es being invalidaed. Sudens will no be provided wih an opporuniy o make up he exam on a subsequen day. SNACKS, FOOD, AND DRINKS Sudens can bring a quie, unwrapped snack and waer, bu soda is no allowed. Sudens can have heir snack before he beginning of es adminisraion. Snacks are no allowed during esing ime. Sudens who have exended ime will have designaed snack breaks wih snacks provided by he esing sie. If you do no feel well and do no have an approved medical 50, you should inform he es procor immediaely; you should no begin he es or sign he saemen. Once you have begun he es, you may no be able o reques a make-up es due o illness. Any requess for a make-up es made afer you have sared he es may no be honored.

23 SHSA DESCRIPION AND MAERIALS coninued... FILLING IN HE ANSWER SHEE Answer shees will be aached o es bookles. When he procor insrucs you o do so, you mus deach he answer shee and a shee of scrap paper from he es bookle along he perforaions, being careful no o ear he answer shee or break he seal on he es bookle. Before aking he es, you will need o provide informaion such as name, suden ID number, school number, and school choices on he answer shee. I is imporan o fill in he circles compleely so ha scoring is no delayed. In Grid you will fill in your name as i appears in your school record and on your high school applicaion. You should no use a nickname. For example, if your name on your school record is Rober, you should fill in ha name, even if mos people call you Robbie. Or if your name on your school record is Mei-Ling, you should fill in ha name, even if mos people call you Melanie. Grid 5 is for your Specialized High Schools choices. Admission is based on your child's es score, he order of heir school choices, and he number of offers available a each school. If you mark Grid 5 incorrecly, your admission o a Specialized High School may be affeced. herefore, i is very imporan ha you make your decisions abou ranking schools before he day of he es. Discuss wih your family he schools you are ineresed in, and deermine he order in which you will lis hem on he answer shee. Bubble in hese choices on he es icke so ha you will be able o carefully copy hem ono Grid 5 on your answer shee a he es sie. Only choices made in Grid 5 will be couned. You mus fill in one and only one circle for each school for which you wish o be considered. You may make as few as one or as many as eigh choices. o increase your chances of receiving an offer o one of he Specialized High Schools, you are encouraged o make more han one choice. You mus fill in a firs choice school, and you may fill in only one school for each choice. You mus fill in only one circle in a row and only one circle in a column. You mus no fill in a school more han once. You mus no fill in he same school for each choice. 5. CHOICES OF SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS Indicae your school choice in order of preference. Fill in only one school for each choice. You mus Fill in only one circle in a row and only one circle in a column. School choices indicaed on he answer shee Bronx Science Brooklyn Lain Brooklyn ech SCHOOLS HS Mah, Sci., & Engineering HS American Sudies/Lehman Queens Sci./York Saen Island ech Suyvesan EXAMPLES OF INCORREC GRID 5 EXAMPLES OF CORREC GRID 5 CHOICES s choice nd choice rd choice h choice 5h choice 6h choice 7h choice 8h choice»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»» 5. CHOICES OF SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS Indicae your school choice in order of preference. Fill in only one school for each choice. You mus Fill in only one circle in a row and only one circle in a column. School choices indicaed on he answer shee Bronx Science Brooklyn Lain Brooklyn ech SCHOOLS HS Mah, Sci., & Engineering HS American Sudies/Lehman Queens Sci./York Saen Island ech Suyvesan You MUS fill in a firs choice school. CHOICES s choice nd choice rd choice h choice 5h choice 6h choice 7h choice 8h choice»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»» 5. CHOICES OF SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS Indicae your school choice in order of preference. Fill in only one school for each choice. You mus Fill in only one circle in a row and only one circle in a column. 5. CHOICES OF SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS Indicae your school choice in order of preference. Fill in only one school for each choice. You mus Fill in only one circle in a row and only one circle in a column. 5. CHOICES OF SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS Indicae your school choice in order of preference. Fill in only one school for each choice. You mus Fill in only one circle in a row and only one circle in a column. School choices indicaed on he answer shee CHOICES School choices indicaed on he answer shee CHOICES School choices indicaed on he answer shee CHOICES Bronx Science Brooklyn Lain Brooklyn ech SCHOOLS HS Mah, Sci., & Engineering HS American Sudies/Lehman Queens Sci./York Saen Island ech Suyvesan s choice nd choice rd choice h choice 5h choice 6h choice 7h choice 8h choice»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»» DO NO fill in more han one circle in a column. Bronx Science Brooklyn Lain Brooklyn ech SCHOOLS HS Mah, Sci., & Engineering HS American Sudies/Lehman Queens Sci./York Saen Island ech Suyvesan s choice nd choice rd choice h choice 5h choice 6h choice 7h choice 8h choice»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»» DO NO fill in more han one circle in a row. Bronx Science Brooklyn Lain Brooklyn ech SCHOOLS HS Mah, Sci., & Engineering HS American Sudies/Lehman Queens Sci./York Saen Island ech Suyvesan s choice nd choice rd choice h choice 5h choice 6h choice 7h choice 8h choice»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»» DO NO fill in he same school for each choice.

24 SHSA DESCRIPION AND MAERIALS coninued... In Grid 7, you mus prin he name of he school where you are now enrolled. You will hen prin your school code exacly as i appears on your es icke available from he es procor. Afer ha, you will fill in he circle under he corresponding number or leer for each digi of your school code. Fill in he circle marked wih he leer P if you aend a privae or parochial school. For example, a suden who aends Abraham Lincoln IS 7 in Brooklyn should complee Grid 7 as shown in he example on he righ. Grid 8 is labeled SUDEN ID NUMBER. Wrie your nine-digi suden ID number in Grid 8. You will find his number on your SHSA es icke. Below each box, fill in he circle conaining he same numeral as he box. (See he example on he righ.) When you are old o begin he es, mark your answers on he answer shee by compleely filling in he appropriae circle (see example). Make sure your marks are heavy and dark. Be careful no o make any sray marks on he answer shee. If you change an answer, SAMPLE ANSWER MARKS compleely erase your firs A B C D RIGH answer. Do no fold or ear he answer shee. here is only one correc answer o each quesion. If your answer shee shows more han one mark in response o a quesion, ha quesion will be scored as incorrec. A A A A B B B B C C C C D D D D WRONG WRONG WRONG WRONG You may wrie in your es bookle or on he scrap paper provided o work hrough ELA or mahemaics quesions, bu your answers mus be recorded on he answer shee in order o be couned. I will no be possible o go back and mark your answers on he answer shee afer ime is up. Informaion in he es bookle or on scrap paper will no be couned. GRID 7 Abraham Lincoln IS 7 9 K 7 GRID

25 SHSA DESCRIPION AND MAERIALS coninued... SUDEN MISCONDUC I is imporan o noe ha es securiy is CRIICAL for he SHS es quesions and answers may no be shared wih any individuals ouside of he esing sie. During he es, you may no aemp o communicae wih oher sudens in any way. his includes, bu is no limied o: speaking, wriing and passing noes, sharing es bookles or answer shees, looking a oher sudens answers, recording es quesions, and/or possession of a camera or personal elecronic device. Sudens found o be engaging in any of hese aciviies will have heir ess invalidaed and will no be allowed o ake he es again unil he following school year (for curren 8h grade sudens; 9h grade sudens will no have any addiional opporuniies o ake he es afer 9h grade). CLAIMS OF ESING IRREGULARIIES If you believe here is inerference or esing irregulariy during any par of he SHSA, you should bring he maer o he immediae aenion of he procor. his may include a misprined es bookle, undue disracion, or improper suden behavior. he procor will aemp o remedy he siuaion and may ake a wrien saemen from you a he end of he es. Sudens and parens/guardians may also repor any suspeced procoring or esing irregulariies, in one of he following ways: ) By submiing an elecronic reques o HS_Enrollmen@schools.nyc.gov, or ) By sending a wrien reques via cerified mail wih proof of delivery o: Office of Suden Enrollmen 5 Chambers Sree, Room 5 New York, NY 0007 All requess mus be submied no laer han one week afer he es adminisraion dae. For all claims, please include paren/guardian and suden names, as well as elephone and/or conac informaion. Any claims of esing irregulariy posmarked laer han one week afer he es dae may no be considered. Claims will be responded o on an individual basis. SHSA SCORING SHSA scores are based on he number of correc answers marked on scored quesions, which is called a raw score. When he number correc is couned, every quesion couns he same one raw score poin. I doesn maer which paricular quesions you ge righ or wrong. So, you should no spend oo much ime on any one quesion, because a quesion ha you find harder won ge you more raw score poins han one ha you find easier. here is no penaly for wrong answers. If you are no sure of an answer, you should mark your bes guess. Answer each quesion as bes you can or skip i and keep going. If you have ime a he end of he es, you should go back. Each answer shee is scanned and scored elecronically, and he raw score is deermined for each es aker. Because here are several forms of he SHSA, raw scores from differen es forms canno be compared direcly. he es forms are developed o be as similar as possible, bu hey are no idenical. o make valid score comparisons, a raw score mus be convered ino anoher ype of score ha akes ino accoun he differences beween es forms. For he SHSA, wo conversions are used o conver he ELA and mahemaics raw scores ino scaled scores. he firs conversion akes ino accoun any small differences beween differen es forms; his sep is called calibraion. he second conversion adjuss scores o fi a normal (Gaussian) disribuion; his sep is called normalizaion. Boh of hese conversions are non-linear. As a resul, he raw scores and scaled scores are no proporional. ha means ha an increase in one raw score poin does no always lead o he same increase in scaled score poins. For example, in he middle of he range of scores, an increase of one raw score poin may correspond o an increase of hree or four scaled score poins. A he op or boom of he range of scores, an increase of one raw score poin may correspond o 0-0 scaled score poins. he closer you are o geing every quesion in a secion righ (or every quesion wrong), he more your scaled score goes up (or down) for ha secion. Afer conversion, scaled scores are on a scale ha is common o all es forms, making i possible o compare hese scores direcly. he conversion from raw score o scaled score is done separaely for each secion (ELA and mahemaics). hen, he scaled scores from each secion are added ogeher. he composie score is he sum of he ELA and mahemaics scaled scores. he composie score is used o deermine admission o a Specialized High School. See page for he descripion of how admission o a Specialized High School is deermined. he scoring process (calibraion and normalizaion) for he SHSA is redone every year specifically for ha year s es. his ensures ha a suden s score is calculaed and compared only wih he oher sudens who ook he SHSA in he same year. Because of his, SHSA scores canno be direcly compared beween years and here is no se minimum or maximum score. he maximum composie score is usually around 700; however, he acual maximum and minimum scores change from year o year. A small number of quesions will be pre-designaed for field esing and will no coun owards a suden's score. 5

26 SHSA DESCRIPION AND MAERIALS coninued... REVIEW PROCEDURES Afer receiving resuls, sudens and heir parens/guardians may review a copy of heir answer shee by requesing an appoinmen wih a represenaive from he Office of Assessmen. Copies of answer shees are no available for disribuion bu will be reviewed a he scheduled appoinmen. Appoinmens may be arranged in one of he following ways: ) By submiing an elecronic reques via he SHSA websie, or ) By sending a wrien reques via cerified mail wih proof of delivery o: Office of Assessmen, SHSA Review Livingson Sree, Room 0A Brooklyn, New York 0 Elecronic requess mus be submied and leers mus be posmarked no laer han March 0, 09. Requess mus include: Suden s name, dae of birh, and OSIS number Paren/guardian s name, phone number, and address Afer submiing your reques, he Office of Assessmen will provide informaion o schedule an appoinmen. he suden and a leas one paren/guardian mus be presen a he appoinmen. Along wih he suden, only a paren/guardian will be admied o he appoinmen. ranslaors are available upon reques. 6

27 SHSA DESCRIPION AND MAERIALS coninued... DISCOVERY PROGRAM As saed in New York Sae law, he Specialized High Schools may sponsor a Discovery Program o give disadvanaged sudens of demonsraed high poenial an opporuniy o aend a Specialized High School program. Sudens will be noified which schools will be sponsoring a Discovery Program and wheher hey are eligible o paricipae in Spring 09. o be eligible, he suden mus:. have scored wihin a cerain range below he qualifying score on he SHS Eligible scores will vary from year o year and will be based on sea availabiliy; and. have lised one of he Specialized High Schools ha plans o hos a 09 Discovery Program as among he choices on heir 08 SHSA answer shee; and. be cerified as disadvanaged by heir curren school; and. be recommended by heir curren school as having high poenial for he Specialized High School program. Once noified of eligibiliy, families should mee wih he school counselor o discuss he Discovery Program applicaion. No all eligible sudens will be acceped ino he Discovery Program. hose sudens who are successful in meeing he demands of he summer program will be graned an offer o he school sponsoring he Discovery Program. hose sudens who are no successful will aend he school o which hey had previously been assigned. Sudens should speak o heir school counselors if hey have any quesions. For more informaion on eligibiliy requiremens, please visi hp://schools.nyc.gov/shs. INIIAIVES O INCREASE DIVERSIY A SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS he New York Ciy Deparmen of Educaion is working on a series of iniiaives aimed a increasing esing raes among highpoenial sudens in underrepresened communiies, increasing he accepance and offer raes among hese sudens, and increasing reenion of hese sudens. SHSA School Day Adminisraion Pilo In fall 08, eighh grade sudens a 50 middle schools will have he opporuniy o ake he SHSA a heir home school during he school day. he inen of a school day adminisraion is o remove barriers o weekend es paricipaion and o increase he number of underrepresened sudens who ake he SHS he SHSA School Day pilo also provides es preparaion and family engagemen aciviies o paricipaing schools and sudens. Sudens and families should speak o heir school counselors o ask if heir school is paricipaing in he SHSA School Day pilo. DREAM-SHSI he DREAM Specialized High Schools Insiue (DREAM-SHSI) is a NYC DOE es preparaion program designed o help prepare eligible sixh grade sudens o ake he SHSA in he eighh grade. Eligibiliy for DREAM-SHSI requires ha sudens mee academic crieria and federal income guidelines. he program runs from February of sixh grade o he fall of eighh grade. Schools will inform sudens who are eligible o apply in November of heir sixh grade year. DREAM Inensive he DREAM Summer/Fall Inensive (Inensive) prepares eligible rising eighh grade sudens for he SHSA by exposing hem o rigorous coursework and es-aking sraegies. Eligibiliy for DREAM Inensive requires sudens o mee academic crieria and live or aend school in a disric leas represened a he Specialized High Schools. he program runs from he summer afer a suden s sevenh grade year hrough he fall of heir eighh grade year, up o he dae of he SHS Schools will inform sudens eligible o apply in lae winer / early spring of heir sevenh grade year. For more informaion on he diversiy iniiaives, please visi: schools.nyc.gov/shs schools.nyc.gov/offices/shsi 7

28 66 USEFUL IPS FOR SHSA ESING SECION PARENS/GUARDIANS ARE ENCOURAGED O REVIEW HE FOLLOWING IPS WIH HEIR CHILDREN SO HA HEY ARE WELL PREPARED FOR HE ES. BEFORE ES DAY Knowing wha o expec on he es and having some pracice in es aking is beneficial. his handbook describes each par of he es and conains wo sample ess, specific sample Grade 9 quesions, and exra samples of he Mah grid-in quesions o use as pracice. Each sample es has been updaed o represen he 08 ess. A lis of correc answers is provided for each es, along wih explanaions. Become familiar wih he direcions. Read he direcions horoughly so ha you become familiar wih hem before aking he es, because he direcions in he sample ess are he same as he direcions on es day. Be sure you undersand he ask being asked of you. If, prior o es day, you've horoughly reviewed he direcions in he handbook, you should only need o skim hem during he acual es. Simulaing he acual esing siuaion helps. You will have hree hours (80 minues) o complee he es. If you have an approved accommodaion (see page 8) or are an ELL, you will have 60 minues o complee he es. During he es, how you divide up he ime beween he ELA and mahemaics secions is up o you. You may sar wih eiher secion. Use he pracice ess o decide how much ime you will spend on each secion o keep yourself on pace and manage your ime on es day. For example, will you spend 90 minues on each secion, or will you spend more ime on one secion han anoher? Will you leave cerain quesions for he end? You may reurn o one secion if you have ime remaining afer finishing he oher secion. Mark your answers on he answer shee provided in his handbook. wo deachable sample SHSA answer shees are provided in he back of his handbook (pages 97 and 99). Use one for Sample es A and he oher for Sample es Remember, on he acual es, you will no be given exra ime o mark your answers on he answer shee afer ime is up. Afer you complee he firs sample es, check your answers agains he lis of correc answers. Read he explanaions of he correc answers o see he kinds of misakes you may have made. Did you read oo quickly and misundersand he quesion? Did you make careless errors in compuaion? Did you choose answers ha were close o he correc answer, bu were no he bes answers? Were many of your wrong answers a resul of guessing? Did you leave any answers blank? You also should check o see wheher here is a paern o your errors. For example, did you ge all of he inequaliy quesions wrong? Seek ou opporuniies o do more pracice in areas ha challenged you. Pu his handbook away for a few days, and hen ake he second sample es, following he same procedure. Be aware ha how well you do on hese sample ess is no a predicor of your score on he acual es. However, hese ess will give you an idea of wha o expec when aking he SHS On he nigh before he es, remember o ge a good nigh's sleep. DAY OF HE ES Prepare yourself. Bring your signed es icke wih you o your assigned es sie and make sure i includes a paren/ guardian signaure and your ranked choices of Specialized High Schools. Arrive a your assigned es sie on ime. Wear comforable clohes and bring a non-calculaor wach o keep rack of he ime. Make sure ha you have several sharpened Number pencils and an eraser ha erases cleanly. You may also bring a highligher, pencil grip, or a magnifying glass, if needed. Do no bring personal elecronic devices o he es. Such devices include, bu are no limied o: an ipod, calculaor, able/ipad, or ebook reader. You may bring a cell phone bu i mus be urned off and colleced by your procor for he duraion of he es. Plan your ime. he SHSA conains iems in oal, and you have 80 minues o complee he es. Work carefully, bu keep moving a a comforable pace and keep rack of he ime. Do no spend oo much ime on any one quesion since every quesion is worh he same. Lisen carefully o your es procor and all insrucions regarding ime. Be sure o place all answers on he answer shee. You will no be given addiional ime o ransfer your answers from he es bookle or any scrap paper o he answer shee afer ime is up. Mark your answers carefully. his is a machine-scored es, and you will no receive credi if you mark he wrong answer. If wo bubbles are filled in for a quesion, ha quesion will be scored as incorrec. Make sure he number you bubble on he answer shee maches he number of he quesion you are working on in your es bookle. o change an answer, erase he original mark compleely. Avoid making sray pencil marks on your answer shee. Use your es bookle or scrap paper o work hrough each quesion, as needed. You may wrie in your es bookle or on scrap paper o work hrough ELA or mahemaics quesions, bu remember ha only answers recorded on he answer shee will be couned. 8

29 USEFUL IPS SHSA ESING coninued... here is no penaly for a wrong answer. Your score is based on he number of correc answers marked on he answer shee. Because here is no penaly for wrong answers, omiing a quesion will no give you an advanage. Fill in any blanks when he ime limi is almos up. Make an educaed guess when you do no know he answer o a quesion. Do his by eliminaing he answer choice(s) ha are definiely wrong, and hen choose one of he remaining answers. Be considerae of oher sudens during he es. Do no chew gum or make noises or movemens ha would be disracing o ohers. If you finish before ime is up, go back over your work o make sure ha you followed insrucions, did no skip any quesions, and did no make careless misakes. Sudens mus remain in he esing room for he enire duraion of he es (80 minues). 9

30 USEFUL IPS ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS he English Language Ars secion consiss of 57 muliple choice quesions. here is a Revising/Ediing secion and a Reading Comprehension secion. hese quesions are aligned o he Common Core Learning Sandards. he pages ha follow provide ips for compleing each of he secions. REVISING/EDIING Par A he firs par of he Revising/Ediing secion assesses your abiliy o idenify specific errors in language convenions, o selec he correcion for an error in language convenions, or o improve he qualiy of he wriing presened in senences or shor paragraphs. he language skills assessed in his secion are based on he Language secion of he Common Core Learning Sandards for Grade 7, as well as skills ha are inroduced a lower grade levels. Each quesion direcs you o read a senence, a lis of senences, or a paragraph wih numbered senences. hen you are asked o address issues relaed o convenions of language or puncuaion. Examples include: idenifying a senence wih an error selecing he bes correcion for an error improving he wriing by combining senences or revising par of a senence IPS FOR REVISING/EDIING PAR A READ HE QUESION FIRS, so you know wha ype of analysis o do. READ HE EX IN HE BOX and ake noe of any issues. Consider he following: Are here words, phrases, or senences ha are difficul o read due o an error in language usage or puncuaion? Is here any par of he ex ha could be wrien more clearly, concisely, or precisely? HINK abou possible ways o correc or improve he ex before reading he answer opions. ime permiing, i is highly recommended ha you re-read he ex in he box and he quesion a leas once afer you read he answer opions. he following sample quesions show differen ypes of iems you may encouner in Par A of he Revising/Ediing secion. Idenify a senence wih an error Read his paragraph. () Esablished in 96, he Naional Air and Space Museum (NASM) conains he mos prominen collecion of hisorical aircraf in he world. () As one of he many museums and landmarks of he Smihsonian Insiuion, millions of people from around he world visi NASM each year. () Over he years, NASM has undergone several renovaions and major reconsrucion o accommodae more visiors and exhibis. () In addiion o being a popular Washingon, DC, ouris desinaion, NASM is home o a research cener for erresrial and planeary science. Which senence should be revised o correc an error in senence srucure? senence senence senence senence Correc Answer: B Senence begins wih he phrase "As one of he many museums and landmarks of he Smihsonian Insiuion." he phrase is inended o describe NASM, bu because of he srucure of he senence, i describes "millions of people" insead. I is nonsensical o describe millions of people as one of he many museums and landmarks of he Smihsonian Insiuion. A revised version of his senence could be, Millions of people from around he world visi NASM, one of he many museums and landmarks of he Smihsonian Insiuion, each year. In his revised version, he modifying phrase immediaely follows NASM. 0

31 USEFUL IPS ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS coninued... Selec he bes correcion/s for an error/s Read his paragraph. () Wih is luscious rees and grassy fields sreching like a green ribbon across Manhaan, New York Ciy s Cenral Park is a naural oasis amid he busling ciy. () While more han 5 million people visied he park each year, hey are also a emporary home o an abundance of migraory birds. () During he spring and fall migraions, he park becomes a bird wacher s paradise, promping scores of avid birders wih binoculars in hand o flock o i. () More han 70 species of birds, including swallows, hrushes, and a leas 5 differen species of warblers, have been observed making he park heir home in he big ciy. How should he paragraph be revised? Senence : Change is o heir, AND change is o was. Senence : Change visied o visi, AND change hey are o i is. Senence : Change becomes o became, AND change i o hem. Senence : Change have been o had been, AND change heir o is. Correc Answer: B Senence of he paragraph should be revised o correc he errors in verb ense and pronoun agreemen. he paragraph is in he presen ense, and so he pas ense visied needs o be changed o visi. Addiionally, he plural pronoun hey needs o be changed o he singular pronoun i because he pronoun refers o he park, which is a singular noun. Opion B is correc because he revisions in he opion correc hese errors. Improve he wriing by combining senences or revising par of a senence Read hese senences. () Monarch buerflies ravel housands of miles from souhern Canada and he Unied Saes o Mexico. () Monarch buerflies migrae every year in he fall, seeking warmer climaes. Wha is he bes way o combine he senences o clarify he relaionship beween he ideas? While monarch buerflies ravel o seek warmer climaes every fall, hey migrae housands of miles from souhern Canada and he Unied Saes o Mexico. Monarch buerflies migrae housands of miles from souhern Canada and he Unied Saes o Mexico, bu hey are seeking warmer climaes. Monarch buerflies, alhough hey seek warmer climaes every year in he fall, migrae housands of miles from souhern Canada and he Unied Saes o Mexico. Every fall, monarch buerflies migrae housands of miles from souhern Canada and he Unied Saes o Mexico, seeking warmer climaes. Correc Answer: D Opion D is he bes way o combine hese senences because i presens he ideas clearly and precisely, and i shows he relaionship beween he key ideas of when, why, how far, and o/from where monarch buerflies migrae.

32 USEFUL IPS ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS coninued... REVISING/EDIING Par B he second par in he Revising/Ediing secion assesses your abiliy o read a passage and hen make decisions ha improve he overall qualiy of he wriing. here is one passage in Par B, and i will be eiher argumenaive or informaive. An argumenaive passage presens an argumen for a claim by offering supporing evidence. An informaive passage inroduces a opic and explains he opic by offering supporing deails. Subjecs include hisorical and curren evens, people, places, echnology, and phenomena in he biological sciences, physical sciences, and social sciences. Passages may conain errors in language usage, missing or exraneous supporing deails, missing or inappropriae ransiions, a missing or an unclear inroducory saemen or concluding saemen, and oher errors ha are ypical in suden wriing. Each senence is numbered so ha you can quickly locae and refer o specific pars of he passage. IPS FOR REVISING/EDIING PAR B READ HE PASSAGE CAREFULLY raher han skimming i. Make sure ha you undersand he conen of he ex so ha you can answer quesions abou how he ex is developed and organized. As you read, be aware of specific senences and paragraphs ha seem illogical, exraneous, redundan, imprecise, informal, or difficul o read. here are mos likely quesions ha ask you o correc or improve hose senences or he organizaion of ideas in hose paragraphs. WHEN YOU FINISH READING HE PASSAGE, read each quesion carefully. Refer back o he passage and re-read he relevan senences or paragraphs as you work hrough each quesion. Keep in mind ha i is usually imporan o read he senences ha appear boh before and afer he senence or paragraph saed in he quesion. While considering he issues you have noed in he relevan senences or paragraphs, read each answer opion and choose he bes one. he following sample passage and quesions show he ypes of iems you may encouner in Par B of he Revising/Ediing secion.

33 USEFUL IPS ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS coninued... Sudying Religions () According o he Naional Council for he Social Sudies, knowledge abou religions is no only a characerisic of an educaed person bu is necessary for effecive and engaged ciizenship in a diverse naion and world. () In suppor of his idea, he world hisory sandards in mos saes in his counry include a basic overview of he five major world religions. () While public schools are no allowed o promoe one religion over anoher, school officials should undersand ha he sudy of world religions hrough an academic lens is an essenial componen of hisory and social sudies insrucion and needs o be par of every suden s educaion. () I is impossible o deny he role ha religion plays in hisory, lieraure, and curren evens. (5) Some schools and eachers are hesian o educae sudens abou world religions. (6) he Firs Amendmen o he Unied Saes Consiuion guaranees he separaion of church and sae, which makes he discussion of religion in public schools seem problemaic o some school disrics and eachers. (7) A 00 survey by Pew Research Cener found ha more han half of hose polled hough eachers were prohibied from eaching classes abou religions. (8) An undersanding of differen world religions enriches a suden s educaion in several ways. (9) he poliics, economics, and laws of counries are ofen a by-produc of religious ideas, and lierary and culural references are beer undersood hrough he conex of religion. (0) he benefis of his knowledge exend beyond he classroom. () Sudens who ge world religions do beer when hey sar working wih people who come from differen backgrounds. () hey can appreciae he radiions and values of heir neighbors and co-workers and can form educaed opinions regarding curren evens and world issues. () A comprehensive sudy of world religions will help sudens become informed aduls.. Which senence would bes follow senence 6 o suppor he argumen presened in he passage? Some educaors avoid he opic alogeher, and as a resul, many sudens are no sudying he founding ideas of culure and sociey. Many eachers are worried abou he risk of inroducing ideas or conceps ha may lead o conroversy. Schools end o spend more resources eaching mahemaics and he physical sciences han eaching he humaniies. In order o proec sudens personal beliefs, many eachers hink ha hey should each only limied ideas abou world religions.. Which ransiion phrase should be added o he beginning of senence 0? E. In addiion o being more aware of he world F. Wih so many global ideas being based around a religious framework G. While awareness and undersanding of world religions is imporan H. On op of gaining a beer academic undersanding of he world

34 USEFUL IPS ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS coninued.... Which revision of senence uses he mos precise language? Sudens who are clued ino world religions are likely o ge along beer wih he people hey work wih who are from differen places. Sudens who know abou world religions are likely o undersand more abou doing business wih new people. Sudens who undersand world religions are beer equipped o work wih diverse colleagues and cusomers from around he world. Sudens who are familiar wih world religions may be more aware of how o do business wih acquainances from oher counries. QUESION (A) Senence 6 saes ha here is a consiuional foundaion for he separaion of church and sae in he Unied Saes and suggess ha because of his separaion, some educaors are unsure of how o address religion in he classroom. he quesion asks for a senence ha would follow and furher expand on he ideas in senence 6 and relae o he main claim in he passage. Opion A is he only opion ha explains and makes a connecion beween educaors avoiding he opic of religion and he subsequen impac on a suden s educaion. QUESION (C) Senence uses vague and imprecise language and needs o be correced. Of all he available opions, Opion C uses he mos precise language ( undersand, beer equipped, diverse colleagues and cusomers ). QUESION (H) Senence 0 is leading ino he idea ha having an undersanding of world religions is also imporan ouside of he classroom. By explaining he benefis of undersanding world religions ouside of an educaional conex (senences and ), he auhor is providing furher suppor for he argumen ha learning abou world religions is imporan. he ransiion phrase in Opion H bes conveys ha senence 0 is ransiioning o new supporing evidence for he argumen on op of wha is saed in senence 9.

35 USEFUL IPS ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS coninued... READING COMPREHENSION his secion assesses your abiliy o read and comprehend five o six exs of boh lierary and informaional genres. Reading exs in eiher genre may include any of he ex ypes ha middle school sudens should have experience wih. IPS FOR READING COMPREHENSION READ HE EX CAREFULLY raher han skimming i, in order o ensure ha you horoughly undersand he ex. his will help preven you from making inaccurae assumpions based on only a few deails. Informaional genre may include exposiion argumen fucional ex in he form of: personal essays speeches opinion pieces essays abou ar or lieraure biographies memoirs journalism hisorical, scienific, echnical, or economic accouns wrien for a broad audience Lierary genre may include poery advenure sories hisorical ficion myseries myhs science ficion realisic ficion allegories parodies saire AKE NOES while acively reading he ex in is enirey. READ HE QUESION CAREFULLY. If ime permis, re-read he relevan par or pars of he ex. RY O DEERMINE HE ANSWER BEFORE reading he answer choices. hen read each answer opion and choose he bes one. Base your answers only on he conen of he ex (and associaed images or graphics where relevan). Do no depend on your prior knowledge of he opic. he following sample ex and quesions show he ypes of iems you may encouner in he Reading Comprehension secion. 5

36 USEFUL IPS ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS coninued... Finding Flavor 5 When you ea an orange, your experience of is flavor comes from he combinaion of is aroma and is ase. ase buds, he sensory recepors on he ongue, convey informaion o he brain abou chemicals in food while he food dissolves in saliva. he sense of smell comes ino play when he olfacory nerve in he nasal passages senses even very low concenraions of food chemicals in gaseous form. he sense of smell has a larger role in asing flavors han mos people realize ha is, unil hey have a suffy nose and nohing ases good. If ase and smell depend on our deecion of food chemicals, one migh expec ha chemiss would be able o duplicae he flavors of foods. In fac, a surprising number of popular food flavors can now be reproduced in he laboraory, and even more are on he way. Orange, perhaps he mos popular flavor worldwide, has been reproduced successfully. So have some naional favories, including cashew (Lain America) and paprika (Hungary). Synheic flavors are no limied o flavoring food; hey are also added o mouhwashes, oohpases, beverages, and oher consumer producs. Only a small proporion of he chemical componens occurring naurally in foods acually conribues o heir flavor. o idenify hese criical componens, scieniss use a gas chromaograph o separae a food ino is basic chemical consiuens. Flavor expers, called flavoriss, hen aemp o isolae hose chemicals ha are essenial o he disincive flavor of a food. Mechanical echniques have been developed o capure he aromas of food as i is being prepared such as he smell of baking bread and disill he essenial chemicals from hese essences. Flavoriss use heir highly developed senses of ase and smell o aemp o produce accepable flavorings ha are chemically idenical o, bu purer han, flavors ha are naurally presen in unprocessed food. Alhough American consumers claim o wan naural flavors in heir food, ase ess demonsrae ha hey ofen prefer he synheically produced counerpars. Arificial flavors end o be sronger and less suble han naural flavors. For example, many Americans prefer a sof drink creaed wih arificial flavors, such as orange soda, over an all-naural soda flavored wih real oranges, which may ase weak in comparison. In fac, some flavoriss worry ha consumers will develop such a srong ase for arificial flavors ha naural flavorings, usually more expensive han heir arificial counerpars, will become scarce. Researchers have no always been successful in heir effors o duplicae naural flavors. Some popular flavors, such as coffee, srawberry, and chocolae, have proved o be virually impossible o reproduce. he difficuly in creaing a flavor like chocolae, expers say, is is complexiy a myserious combinaion of swee and bier ha excies he ase buds in an unusual and saisfying way. 6

37 USEFUL IPS ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS coninued.... Wha is he principal goal of he scienific research described in paragraph? o predic consumer ase preferences in food o develop food wih srong flavors o produce synheic equivalens of naural food flavors o improve he naural flavors in unprocessed food. Which conclusion is bes suppored by he informaion abou he collecion of aromas during food preparaion? E. Creaing arificial flavors from capured aromas is a difficul process. F. Cerain chemical componens of a food s flavor are presen in is aroma. G. Mos people canno ell he difference beween naural flavors and arificial flavors. H. he naural flavor of a food is usually enhanced during he cooking process.. Why does he auhor menion orange soda in paragraph? o sugges ha consumer preferences for naural or arificial flavors vary o explain why naural flavors are more expensive han arificial subsiues o demonsrae ha consumers someimes prefer arificial flavors o naural flavors o give an example of a naural flavor ha may become difficul o find in he fuure. he auhor includes deails abou he uses for synheic flavors in paragraph in order o E. show ha synheic flavors are easy o creae. F. demonsrae ha many iems are made wih he same synheic flavor. G. sugges ha synheic flavors are healhier han naural flavors. H. highligh ha synheic flavors are found in a variey of everyday iems. QUESION (C) Paragraph describes a echnique for separaing a food ino is basic chemical componens. Opion C bes summarizes he goal of his research. Opion A and Opion D are no suppored by he passage as goals of he research. Opion B is incorrec because he goal of he research is o capure and reproduce he flavor, no o develop food. QUESION (F) he process of collecing aromas during food preparaion is described in paragraph. Opion F is he bes answer: he aroma of food as i is being prepared can be capured and disilled o synhesize he food s flavor (paragraph ).Opion E is no suppored because he process of capuring aromas has been successful and only cerain flavors presen difficulies. he idea ha mos people canno ell he difference beween naural and synheic flavors (Opion G) is no a conclusion ha can be made from he collecion of aromas 7

38 USEFUL IPS ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS coninued... during food preparaion. Opion H is incorrec because aromas are colleced during he cooking process o isolae essenial chemicals ha make up flavor (paragraph ), no o enhance he naural flavor. QUESION (C) Orange soda is menioned in paragraph o provide an example of a produc ha uses a synheic flavor ha some consumers prefer o is naural counerpar (Opion C). he idea ha consumer preferences for arificial or naural flavors vary could be rue, bu his is no suggesed by he auhor s discussion of one flavor (orange soda), ruling ou Opion Opion B is incorrec because even hough he passage saes ha naural flavors may be more expensive han arificial flavors, he auhor does no use he deails abou orange soda o make his poin. he auhor saes ha some naural flavors may become scarce in he fuure (paragraph ), bu his is no exemplified by he discussion of orange soda in paragraph, ruling ou Opion QUESION (H) he auhor describes he uses of synheic flavors in iems such as mouhwashes, oohpases, beverages (paragraph ) o demonsrae ha synheic flavors are found in many everyday household producs. his is bes saed in Opion H. Opion E may seem like an aracive opion because he lis of everyday iems wih synheic flavors could give he impression ha creaing synheic flavors is easy; however, while some synheic flavors have been successfully creaed (paragraph ), effors o duplicae oher flavors have been unsuccessful (paragraph 5), ruling ou Opion E. he idea ha he same synheic flavor is used in many iems (Opion F) and he idea ha synheic flavors are healhier han naural flavors (Opion G) canno be concluded from he lis of common producs ha use synheic flavors (paragraph ). 8

39 USEFUL IPS MAHEMAICS he Mahemaics secion consiss of word problems and compuaional quesions in eiher a muliplechoice or grid-in forma. here are 5 grid-in quesions and 5 muliple-choice quesions. he mahemaical erms and general conceps in hese es quesions can be found in he Common Core Learning Sandards for Mahemaics. he mah quesions involve applicaion of opics covered in he Common Core. However, as one of he purposes of his es is o idenify sudens who will benefi from an educaion a a Specialized High School, he SHSA conains many quesions ha require using mahemaical skills o respond o novel siuaions. Mah quesions on he Grade 8 es forms are based on maerial covered in he Common Core Learning Sandards hrough Grade 7. Mah quesions on he Grade 9 es forms are based on maerial hrough Grade 8. IPS FOR AKING HE MAHEMAICS SECION o improve your mahemaics skills, choose a mahemaics exbook or ask your eacher for recommendaions of websies appropriae for your grade level. Pracice solving five o en quesions every day. Do boh rouine and challenging quesions. Rouine quesions reinforce basic mahemaical skills. More challenging quesions help you undersand mahemaical conceps beer. Do no limi yourself only o ypes of quesions ha es wha you have learned in your mahemaics class. Do no give up if you canno complee some of he quesions. Skip hem and move on. You may be able o solve hem afer you have praciced differen ypes of quesions. You mus know he meanings of mahemaical erms ha are appropriae o your grade level, such as parallel and perpendicular, as well as he cusomary symbols ha represen hose erms. You also need o know various formulas learned in your mahemaics class, such as hose for he perimeer and area of differen figures. You can find hese mahemaical erms, symbols, and formulas in your mahemaics course maerials. hese erms, symbols, and formulas will NO be given in he es bookle. Pracice using hem o solve quesions unil you are comforable wih hem. Do no use a calculaor when solving quesions. Calculaors are no allowed on he es. READ EACH QUESION CAREFULLY and work ou he answer on scrap paper or in your es bookle. Do no wrie on your answer shee excep o fill in your answer. YOU MAY DRAW FIGURES OR DIAGRAMS for quesions ha do no have hem. his will help you visualize he conex of he quesion. SOME QUESIONS ASK YOU o combine a series of simple seps. ake one sep a a ime, using wha you know abou mahemaics and wha he quesion is asking or elling you o do. IPS FOR MULIPLE-CHOICE QUESIONS MOS MULIPLE-CHOICE QUESIONS SHOULD BE DONE by working ou he answer. his is more efficien han rying ou he opions o see which one fis he quesion. he only excepion is when you are explicily asked o look a he opions, as in, Which of he following is an odd number? IF HE QUESION IS A WORD PROBLEM, i is ofen helpful o express i as an equaion or expression. When you obain an answer, look a he choices lised. If your answer is included among he choices, mark i. If i is no, reread he quesion and solve i again. If your answer is no among he answer choices, wrie your answer in a differen form. For example, 0( x + ) is equivalen o 0x + 0. Or reduce (simplify) he fracion o lowes erms, if your answer is in fracion form. HE INCORREC CHOICES are answers ha sudens ofen ge if hey misread he quesion or make common compuaional errors. For his reason, i is unwise o solve a quesion in your head while looking a he possible choices. I is oo easy o be araced o a wrong choice. 9

40 USEFUL IPS MAHEMAICS coninued... IPS FOR GRID-IN QUESIONS he Mahemaics secion includes five grid-in quesions in which sudens mus solve compuaional quesions and provide he correc numerical answer raher han selecing he answer from muliple-choice opions. For each grid-in quesion, you will wrie your answer in he boxes a he op of he grid and fill in he circles wihin he grid ha mach he numbers or symbols ha you wroe. he grid for each quesion is made up of five columns. When you record your answer in he grid, begin on he lef. Prin only one number or decimal symbol in each box. Use he. symbol if your response includes a decimal poin. Fill in he circle under he box ha maches he number or symbol ha you wroe. Example A shows he accepable way o grid an answer of 5. Example B shows he accepable way o grid an answer of.. EXAMPLE A EXAMPLE B he firs column on he lef of he grid is ONLY for recording a negaive sign, as in Example If your answer is posiive, leave he firs column blank and begin recording your answer in he second column. Example C shows he accepable way o grid an answer of.5. EXAMPLE C 0

41 USEFUL IPS MAHEMAICS coninued... When your answer includes a decimal, make sure o fill in he circles ha mach all pars of your answer. For example, if your answer is 0.78, fill in he circles under he 0,., 7, and 8, like in Example Noe ha an answer displaying.78 will also be acceped as correc, like in Example E. EXAMPLE D EXAMPLE E Do no leave a box blank in he middle of an answer. If here is a blank in he middle of your answer, i will be scored as incorrec. For example, if your answer is 08, Example F is he accepable way o grid in your response. In Example G, here is a space beween he and he 8 raher han a 0 his is an unaccepable way o grid in your response and will be scored as incorrec. EXAMPLE F EXAMPLE G

42 USEFUL IPS MAHEMAICS coninued... Do no fill in a circle under an unused box, as in Example H. he answer recorded in Example H will be scored as,080 because he circle in he las column for 0 is filled in, even hough he inended response is 08. EXAMPLE H IMPORAN NOES For your answer o be scored, he circles in he grid ha mach your answer mus be filled in. If you wrie an answer in he boxes bu do no fill in he circles in he grid, your answer will no be scored. A complee numerical response ha is correc will be scored as correc, even if you accidenally begin recording in he wrong column. If you accidenally add a decimal poin (wih no addiional values or zeros) afer a whole number, your answer will be scored as ha whole number. For example, if your answer is 5, as in Example A, an answer ha is filled in as "5." or "5.0" will be considered an answer of "5" in scoring. Double-check how you have filled in he circles for each grid. If here is more han one circle filled in for a column, your answer will be scored as incorrec. If your answer wrien in he boxes does no mach how you have filled in he circles, your score will be based on how you have filled in he circles, like in Example H.

43 USEFUL IPS MAHEMAICS coninued... SAMPLE ESS AND PRACICE QUESIONS he sample ess in his handbook are Grade 8 forms. If you are aking he Grade 9 es, work he mah quesions on pages 8-86 as well as he sample ess for Grade 8. hese quesions cover opics ha are inroduced in he Grade 8 curriculum. Addiional grid-in quesions are found on pages wo deachable sample SHSA answer shees are provided in he back of his handbook. Use one o mark your answers for Sample es A, and use he oher o mark your answers for Sample es Now you are ready o ry sample es Form Begin by carefully reading he Direcions on pages and 5 and filling ou side of he answer shee (page 97). o fill in your answers for Form A, use side of he answer shee. When you are ready for Form B, use he second deachable answer shee (page 99).

44 GRADE 8 A NEW YORK CIY PUBLIC SCHOOLS 08 Specialized High Schools ADMISSIONS ES GENERAL DIRECIONS Idenifying Informaion urn o Side of he answer shee. Line says, I am well enough o ake his es and complee i. I undersand ha once I break he seal of he es bookle, I may no be eligible for a make-up es. I am a New York Ciy residen and a Grade 8 suden aking a Grade 8 es. I undersand ha a suden who is no a New York Ciy residen, who akes he es more han once in a given school year, or who akes he es a he wrong grade level will be disqualified from accepance o any of he specialized high schools. Sign your name in he space following he word signaure. Do no prin your name. Noify he procor immediaely if you are ill or should no be aking his es. Do no sign he saemen or begin he es. Reurn your answer shee o he procor. On Line, prin oday s dae, using he numbers of he monh, he day, and he year. On Line, prin your birh dae wih he number of he monh firs, hen he number of he day, hen he las wo digis of he year. For example, a birh dae of March, 00, would be --0. In Grid, prin he leers of your firs name, or as many as will fi, in he boxes. Wrie your name exacly as you did on he applicaion. If you have a middle iniial, prin i in he box labeled MI. hen prin he leers of your las name, or as much as will fi, in he boxes provided. Below each box, fill in he circle ha conains he same leer as he box. If here is a space or a hyphen in your name, fill in he circle under he appropriae blank or hyphen. Make dark marks ha compleely fill he circles. If you change a mark, be sure o erase he firs mark compleely. Grid 5 is for your choice of specialized high schools. If Grid 5 is no marked correcly, your admission o a specialized high school will be affeced because your admission is based on he score you achieve and he order in which you rank your school preferences in his grid. he school choices indicaed on your answer shee are final. herefore, carefully copy he order in which you ranked he schools on your es icke ono Grid 5. Fill in one and only one circle for each school for which you wish o be considered. You may make as few as one or as many as eigh choices. o increase your chances of being assigned o one of he specialized high schools, you are encouraged o make more han one choice. You mus fill in a firs choice school. Do no fill in a school more han once. Do no fill in he same school for each choice. Fill in only one circle in a row and only one circle in a column. Grid 6 asks for your dae of birh. Prin he firs hree leers of he monh in he firs box, he number of he day in he nex box, and he year in he las box. hen fill in he corresponding circles. In Grid 7:. Prin he name of he school where you are now enrolled in he space a he op of he grid.. In he boxes marked SCHOOL CODE, prin he sixdigi code ha idenifies your school and fill in he circle under he corresponding number or leer for each digi of he school code. (You can find your school code on your es icke. If i is no here, ell he procor, and he procor will ge he school code for you.). If you aend a privae or parochial school, fill in he circle marked P. Grid 8 is labeled SUDEN ID NUMBER. All esakers should prin heir suden ID number in Grid 8. he suden ID number is found on your es icke. In he boxes, prin your nine-digi suden ID number. Below each box, fill in he circle conaining he same number as in he box. DO NO OPEN HIS BOOKLE UNIL YOU ARE OLD O DO SO URN YOUR BOOKLE OVER O HE BACK COVER Form A

45 Idenifying Informaion, coninued GENERAL DIRECIONS, coninued Grid 9 is labeled BOOKLE LEER AND NUMBER. In mos cases, Grid 9 is already filled in for you. If i is no, copy he leer and numbers shown in he upper-righ corner of your es bookle ino he boxes. Below each box, fill in he circle conaining he same leer or number as he box. Now review Side o make sure you have compleed all lines and grids correcly. Review each column o see ha he filled-in circles correspond o he leers or numbers in he boxes above hem. urn your answer shee o Side. Prin your es bookle leer and numbers, and your name, firs name firs, in he spaces provided. Marking Your Answers Mark each of your answers on he answer shee in he row of circles corresponding o he quesion number prined in he es bookle. Use only a Number pencil. If you change an answer, be sure o erase i compleely. Be careful o avoid making any sray pencil marks on your answer shee. Each quesion has only one correc answer. If you mark more han one circle in any answer row, ha quesion will be scored as incorrec. See he example of correc and incorrec answer marks below. SAMPLE ANSWER MARKS A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D RIGH WRONG WRONG WRONG WRONG You can use your es bookle or he provided scrap paper o ake noes or solve quesions; however your answers mus be recorded on he answer shee in order o be couned. You will no be able o mark your answers on he answer shee afer ime is up, and answers lef in he es bookle will no be scored. DO NO MAKE ANY MARKS ON YOUR ANSWER SHEE OHER HAN FILLING IN YOUR ANSWER CHOICES. Planning Your ime You have 80 minues o complee he enire es. How you allo he ime beween he English Language Ars and Mahemaics secions is up o you. If you begin wih he English Language Ars secion, you may go on o he Mahemaics secion as soon as you are ready. Likewise, if you begin wih he Mahemaics secion, you may go on o he English Language Ars secion as soon as you are ready. If you complee he es before he alloed ime (80 minues) is over, you may go back o review quesions in eiher secion. Be sure o read he direcions for each secion carefully. Each quesion has only one correc answer. Choose he bes answer for each quesion. When you finish a quesion, go on o he nex, unil you have compleed he las quesion. Your score is deermined by he number of quesions you answer correcly. Answer every quesion, even if you may no be cerain which answer is correc. Don spend oo much ime on a difficul quesion. Come back o i laer if you have ime. If ime remains, you should check your answers. Sudens mus say for he enire es session. DO NO OPEN HIS BOOKLE UNIL YOU ARE OLD O DO SO A NYC0000 Copyrigh 08 Pearson. All righs reserved. No par of his documen may be copied, reproduced, modified, or ransmied by any means, elecronic or mechanical A B C D E Prined in he USA ISD760 Form A 5 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

46 PAR ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS 57 QUESIONS A REVISING/EDIING QUESIONS 9 IMPORAN NOE he Revising/Ediing secion (Quesions -9) is in wo pars: Par A and Par REVISING/EDIING Par A DIRECIONS: Read and answer he following quesions. You will be asked o recognize and correc errors so ha he senences or shor paragraphs follow he convenions of sandard wrien English. You may wrie in your es bookle as needed o ake noes. You should re-read relevan pars of he senences or paragraphs before marking he bes answer for each quesion.. Read his senence. During a nighly news segmen abou a cooking cones, a reporer alked o some people who did he bes in he cones. Which revision uses he mos precise language for he words alked o some people who did he bes in he cones? conversed wih some of he people who won he cones spoke o he hree conesans who did well discussed he cones wih some of he winners inerviewed he op hree conesans Form A 6 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

47 . Read his paragraph. () When coal was used o hea homes, i frequenly lef soo sains on he walls. () Brohers Cleo and Noah McVicker, who owned a cleaning produc company creaed a doughy subsance o help people remove his soo. () Over ime, as naural gas becomes more common, people had lile need for soo cleansers, and he McVickers family company sruggled o say in business. () hen one day Joe McVicker, Cleo s son, learned ha his siser-in-law had been using he subsance for ar projecs in her classroom, so he remarkeed he produc as he oy known oday as Play-Doh. Which pair of revisions need o be made in he paragraph? E. F. G. H. Senence : Delee he comma afer homes. Senence : Change becomes o became. Senence : Delee he comma afer homes. Senence : Change remarkeed o had remarkeed. Senence : Inser a comma afer company. Senence : Change becomes o became. Senence : Inser a comma afer company. Senence : Change remarkeed o had remarkeed.. Read his paragraph. () Walking dogs, cleaning kennels, hand-feeding newborn kiens, and supporing he peadopion process, he animal sheler is looking for voluneers o help wih a variey of asks. () Working a he animal sheler is a grea way for young people, especially hose who aspire o care for and proec animals, o gain valuable work experience. () In addiion o hands-on raining wih animal care, voluneers will learn imporan job skills, such as puncualiy, responsibiliy, and personal iniiaive. () Caring for animals can also help voluneers develop empahy, which is he awareness and undersanding of he feelings of ohers. Which senence conains an error in is consrucion and should be revised? senence senence senence senence Form A 7 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

48 REVISING/EDIING Par B DIRECIONS: Read he ex below and answer he quesions following i. You will be asked o improve he wriing qualiy of he ex and o correc errors so ha he ex follows he convenions of sandard wrien English. You should re-read relevan pars of he ex before marking he bes answer for each quesion. Moving hrough Mounains () An age-old proverb says ha necessiy is he moher of invenion. () Cenuries of human ingenuiy in he face of obsacles prove his o be rue. () For many years he Swiss Alps, a mounain range spanning souhern Swizerland and norhern Ialy, were such an obsacle. () Roads and railways had o navigae around he mounains or hrough winding unnels inside he mounains, making he ransporaion of people and goods difficul and ime consuming. (5) In 06 hese burdens were eased wih he compleion of he Gohard Base unnel. (6) Consrucion of he high-speed railway unnel began in 996. (7) he unnel was creaed hrough he use of unnel-boring machines, which are gian drills wih a fla roaing head called a cuer head. (8) Each of he unnel-boring machines used during he consrucion of he unnel was abou he lengh of four fooball fields arranged end-o-end. (9) During he seveneen-year consrucion period, 8 million ons of rock were removed, enough o rebuild he Grea Pyramid of Giza five imes. (0) his massive consrucion projec is repored o have cos $ billion. () Afer ha, million cubic meers of concree, or enough concree o build eighy-four Empire Sae Buildings, were used o consruc and suppor he unnel. () By 00 he high-speed railway will carry more han 50 freigh rains and 55 passenger rains a day, wih mos raveling a speeds of around 00 o 5 miles per hour. () I will be faser for people o ravel beween norhern and souhern Europe. () he ravel ime beween he European ciies of Zurich, Swizerland, and Milan, Ialy, will be reduced by an hour. (5) Many European leaders compare he Gohard Base unnel o he Channel unnel, a -mile underwaer unnel ha connecs he Unied Kingdom and France. (6) While here is no roadway in he Channel unnel, people can drive heir cars ono special rains ha will carry vehicles hrough o he oher side. (7) Jus as raffic congesion in major ciies led o he consrucion of underground local ransporaion, naural formaions, such as mounain ranges, have also sen people underground for faser, easier, and cheaper mehods of ransporaion across larger areas. (8) here is renewed ineres in consrucing innovaive mehods of ransporaion ha will help eliminae problems associaed wih raveling o and from cerain areas. Form A 8 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

49 . Which senence should be added afer senence 5 o inroduce he main opic of he passage? E. F. G. H. he consrucion of he Gohard Base unnel was approved by Swiss voers in 99 and was funded by olls, fuel axes, and governmen loans. Leaders from several European counries aended he opening ceremonies for he Gohard Base unnel, a Swiss unnel. he Gohard Base unnel is he world s longes and deepes railway unnel, sreching 5.5 miles sraigh hrough he base of he Swiss Alps. he Gohard Base unnel coninues o help reduce he number of freigh rucks on he roadways in he Swiss Alps. 5. Which senence should be added o follow and suppor senence 7? he unnel-boring machine is helpful o unnel builders in he modern era and has been an improvemen over dynamie. hese enormous unnel-boring machines funcion somewha like a cheese graer, wih he cuer head grinding slowly hrough rock and sone. Engineers had considered making a unnel under he mounains for many years, bu i was impossible o do wihou modern unnel-boring machines. Differen ypes of cuer heads are used wih unnel-boring machines depending on he geology of he area where he unnel is being creaed. 6. Where should senence be moved in order o improve he organizaion of he second paragraph (senences 6 )? E. F. G. H. o he beginning of he paragraph (before senence 6) beween senences 6 and 7 beween senences 8 and 9 beween senences 9 and 0 7. Which senence presens informaion ha shifs away from he main opic of he hird paragraph (senences 6) and should be removed? senence senence senence 5 senence 6 Form A 9 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

50 8. Which ransiion phrase should be added o he beginning of senence 8? E. Alhough he Gohard Base unnel is mainly for freigh rains F. Wih he Gohard Base unnel aking en years o complee G. Because of he successful compleion of he Gohard Base unnel H. As he number of rains using he Gohard Base unnel increases 9. Which concluding senence should be added afer senence 8 o suppor he opic presened in he passage? here is proof ha underground unnels such as he Gohard Base unnel are beneficial o he economy of he surrounding area. he Gohard Base unnel is an exraordinary example of how human ingenuiy and persisence can overcome grea obsacles. he compleion of he Gohard Base unnel shows ha people can work ogeher o achieve imporan goals. he Swiss governmen is confiden ha he economic impac of he Gohard Base unnel will be worh is consrucion cos. Form A 50 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

51 READING COMPREHENSION QUESIONS 0 57 DIRECIONS: Read each of he following six exs, and answer he relaed quesions. You may wrie in your es bookle as needed o ake noes. You should re-read relevan pars of each ex before marking he bes answer for each quesion. Base your answers only on he conen wihin he ex. CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE c Form A 5 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

52 An Early Warning One of he books ha has done he mos o aler he world o he dangers of environmenal degradaion is George Perkins Marsh s Man and Naure. Is message ha Wesern sociey is in he process of causing irreparable harm o he environmen grealy influenced ecologiss during he beginning of he modern environmenalis movemen in he 960s. Marsh was no, however, par of his movemen. Surprisingly, Man and Naure was firs published in 86. Marsh firs observed he environmenally desrucive effecs of human aciviies while growing up in Vermon in he early nineeenh cenury. he heavy demand for firewood had depleed he foress, and exensive sheep grazing had sripped he land. he resul was flooding and soil erosion. Furhermore, sreams were fouled by wases dumped from numerous mills and dye houses. Much laer in his life, afer careers in law, business, farming, and poliics, Marsh served as ambassador o Ialy. here he noiced land abuse similar o wha he had seen in Vermon. Overgrazing and fores mismanagemen had rendered areas ha had been producive farmland since he days of he Roman Empire desolae. Marsh aribued his o wha he called man s ignoran disregard for he laws of naure. In Ialy, Marsh began o organize his observaions and heories. He wroe in a way inended o educae readers abou he impac of indusrial and agriculural pracices on he environmen. In Man and Naure, he evaluaed he imporan relaionships beween animals and plans, discussed foresry pracices in grea deail, and analyzed he ways naural waer supplies are affeced by human use. Man and Naure challenged he popular belief ha naure can heal any damage ha people inflic upon i. Marsh argued ha people may use and enjoy, bu no desroy, he riches of he earh. Furhermore, he assered ha everyhing in naure is significan and ha even he inies organism affecs he fragile environmenal balance. His belief ha drasic aleraion of his balance would be dangerous is now acceped as a fundamenal principle of modern environmenal science. Alhough he poined ou environmenal damage caused by irresponsible human aciviies, Marsh did no oppose every human aleraion o he environmen. o him, he goal was proper managemen, no a reurn o wilderness condiions. People should consider he consequences of heir acions, he wroe, and become co-worker[s] wih naure. Marsh praised he Suez Canal, he human-made waerway beween he Medierranean Sea and he Gulf of Aden, as he greaes and mos ruly cosmopolie physical improvemen ever underaken by man. He believed ha he advanages of he canal improved ransporaion and commerce would ouweigh any environmenal damage. Ye he also warned of possible uninended consequences, such as desrucive plans and animals spreading from one body of waer o he oher. Marsh was considered a radical hinker during his lifeime. By he lae nineeenh cenury, however, his wriings, along wih hose of John Muir, Henry David horeau, and ohers, had inspired wha became known as he conservaion movemen. he conservaioniss of ha ime sough o educae he public ha wilderness areas were worh preserving and were responsible for creaing he Naional Park Service and he Naional Fores Service. Form A 5 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

53 0. Which saemen bes describes he cenral idea of he passage? E. F. G. H. Marsh s experience growing up on a farm allowed him o winess firshand how human demands on naure can lead o problems, and as an adul he wroe one of he firs books abou conservaion. Marsh challenged he noion ha naure can repair he damage people cause o i, bu he also suppored human-made modificaions o naure ha improve ransporaion and commerce. Marsh s ideas abou he environmen were considered radical in his lifeime, bu hey laer gained populariy during he environmenal movemen in he wenieh cenury. Marsh was a radical hinker who believed ha people s acions could dramaically affec naure, and his wriings are considered foundaional o he conservaion movemen.. Marsh believed ha he people of his ime caused harm o he environmen because hey assumed ha fuure generaions would solve any environmenal problems. hey hough indusrial progress was more imporan han proecing naure. hey were unwilling o change farming and wase-disposal pracices. hey lacked knowledge of naure and naural processes.. Wha is he mos likely reason he auhor uses he word surprisingly in paragraph? E. F. G. H. o argue ha Marsh s ideas are more applicable in he presen han hey were during his lifeime o show ha Marsh inroduced ideas a cenury before hey became widely acceped o emphasize ha Marsh was unaware ha his ideas would help begin a conservaion movemen o prove ha here would be fewer issues wih he environmen oday if people had acceped Marsh s ideas earlier. Which evidence suppors he accuracy of Marsh s heories abou naure? he deails abou Marsh s observaions of environmenal degradaion he deails abou how Marsh s wriing inspired a conservaion movemen he deails abou how Marsh s ideas are essenial o modern environmenal science he deails abou Marsh s opinions on human aleraions o he environmen Form A 5 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

54 . Which deail abou Marsh provides suppor for he auhor s saemen in paragraph 5? E. his repuaion as a radical hinker F. his conribuion o he conservaion movemen G. his experience working as an ambassador H. his approval of beneficial human-made projecs in naure 5. Which of Marsh s ideas mos influenced he environmenal movemen of he 960s? Some human aleraions o he environmen are necessary. People lack an undersanding of he environmen. Human aciviies could damage he environmen. Environmenal degradaion has been occurring for many years. Form A 5 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

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56 Champion of he Channel In 96 an edior a he London Daily News prediced ha Gerrude Ederle, an American swimmer wih eigheen world records and hree Olympic medals, would fail in her aemp o swim across he English Channel. He claimed ha even he mos uncompromising champion of he righs and capaciies of women mus admi ha in coness of physical skill, speed and endurance hey mus remain forever he weaker sex. Ye, a only nineeen years old, Ederle no only became he firs woman o accomplish his fea, she also broke he men s record by wo hours. Gerrude Ederle s riumphan swim across he English Channel was a esimony o her deerminaion, innovaive spiri, and passion for swimming. Crossing he English Channel is a dauning ask for any swimmer. A is narrowes poin, he channel measures weny-one miles across. Is icy waers hover around sixy degrees Fahrenhei, and is unruly ides and currens oss swimmers abou like bobbing corks. Singing jellyfish, seaweed, and floaing debris from shipwrecks and los cargoes presen added hazards. For decades he channel s perils have defeaed counless swimmers. Ederle, oo, failed in her firs aemp o cross he channel in 95. Jus six miles shor of finishing, she became ill, and her coach had o haul her ou of he waer. Undeerred, Ederle decided o ry again. Ederle knew ha if she did no complee he challenge his ime, she migh never ge he opporuniy o se his record, because a rival female swimmer was preparing o make her second aemp a he crossing as well. o prepare for he marahon swim, Ederle found ways o improve her equipmen. She and her siser Meg discovered ha meled candle wax perfecly sealed goggle edges, effecively waerproofing Ederle s goggles agains hammering waves. he sisers also designed a wo-piece silk swimsui for Ederle. During her firs channel-crossing aemp she had worn a sandard one-piece swimsui ha, afer he lenghy hours of swimming across he channel, had sreched ou, filling wih waer and creaing drag, making an already challenging ask almos insurmounable. Unlike he cumbersome ypical bahing sui, his silk invenion weighed lile and allowed for easy movemen. On Augus 6, 96, Ederle waded ino he channel near Cape Gris-Nez, France. A firs she shivered in he bone-chilling waer even hough she had covered her body in eigh layers of grease for insulaion. Her limbs fel siff. Her srokes were irregular. Driving forward, she fough o clear her mind and find wha she called her sphere, a place where he sea became her only companion and he shrieks of gulls and he humming of boa engines faded away. Using a new overhand sroke called he American crawl, Ederle evenually seled ino a seady pace, briskly breaking hrough waves. hroughou Ederle s swim, wo ugboas accompanied her. One carried newspaper reporers who wired dispaches of her progress o shore. he oher, displaying a sign ha read his way, ole kid! wih an arrow poining forward, ranspored her coach, family, and friends. Her coach played songs, such as Yes, We Have No Bananas, on a phonograph so ha Ederle could ime her srokes o he rhyhm. Using a ne, her coach also passed her baby boles of broh for nourishmen. For hours Ederle swam, dodging debris wih an amused smile. However, as she neared he English shore, a sudden fierce sorm eruped. he ides and waves forced Ederle backward, and she fough he subborn swells for several hours. he saly waer caused her ongue o swell and inflamed her ears. Ye Ederle fel indescribably happy as she churned hrough he sea. Finally, as she neared he English shore, he sorm abaed, and he ide urned. No longer fighing agains her, he sea pushed her oward he shore and vicory. Form A 56 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

57 8 9 Afer foureen hours and hiry-one minues, Ederle, on wobbly legs, sepped ono he English shore. he waiing crowd roared, honked heir auomobile horns, blased heir ugboa whisles, and se off flares ha flashed in he sky. Ederle had swum ino hisory. When Ederle reurned o New York, she received a parade, where housands of people shoued rudy! No only were everyday American ciizens proud of Ederle, bu she also inspired hem o be more acive. Over he nex few years, more han 60,000 people credied her wih moivaing hem o earn heir American Red Cross swimming cerificaes. Gerrude Ederle s accomplishmen proved o he world ha wih deerminaion and passion, i was possible for a person o achieve his or her goals. SOLO SWIMS ACROSS HE ENGLISH CHANNEL Earlies Speed Records Year Swimmer ime 875 Mahew Webb (M) hours, 5 minues 9 Enrico iraboschi (M) 6 hours, minues 96 Gerrude Ederle (F) hours, minues 96 Arns Vierkoer (M) hours, 8 minues Curren Speed Records Year Swimmer ime 0 ren Grimsey (M) 6 hours, 55 minues 006 Yvea Hlavacova (F) 7 hours, 5 minues 6. Read his senence from paragraph. In 96 an edior a he London Daily News prediced ha Gerrude Ederle, an American swimmer wih eigheen world records and hree Olympic medals, would fail in her aemp o swim across he English Channel. Wha does he edior s commen reveal abou he challenges Ederle faced in aemping her fea? E. F. G. H. Regardless of her abiliy, being an American pu Ederle a a serious disadvanage over a Londoner, who would be more familiar wih he English Channel. A he ime, Ederle sill needed more raining in order o succeed in he dauning ask of swimming he English Channel. While Ederle could paricipae in ahleic compeiion, some people were no comforable wih her aemp o swim he channel because no woman had ever aemped i before. In spie of her previous achievemens, Ederle sill experienced social as well as physical obsacles in aemping o swim he channel. Form A 57 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

58 7. Which senence is he bes summary of he seps ha Ederle ook o prepare for her second aemp o swim across he English Channel? Working wih her siser, Ederle waerproofed her goggles using meled candle wax o seal he edges and designed a wo-piece silk bahing sui ha was lighweigh and would no srech ou during he long swim. Ederle covered her body in numerous layers of grease for insulaion and focused on finding her sphere during her swim. Ederle began raining wih her coach, who played music while she swam o help her ime her srokes o he music. Ederle focused on developing beer equipmen han he sandard swimsui ha proved cumbersome during her firs aemp o cross he channel. 8. Read his senence from paragraph. Ederle knew ha if she did no complee he challenge his ime, she migh never ge he opporuniy o se his record, because a rival female swimmer was preparing o make her second aemp a he crossing as well. How does his senence fi ino he overall srucure of he passage? E. F. G. H. I emphasizes ha Ederle s aemp o swim across he channel led oher female swimmers o aemp he challenge. I presens he reason why Ederle prepared o cross he channel again immediaely afer her iniial failure. I shows Ederle s realizaion ha she had o rehink her mehods if she waned o be he firs woman o cross he channel. I indicaes ha Ederle had learned from her misakes and was working o fix hem before her nex aemp. 9. Which senence bes suppors he idea ha Ederle succeeded in swimming across he channel because of her innovaive approach o he challenge? Ye, a only nineeen years old, Ederle no only became he firs woman o accomplish his fea, she also broke he men s record by wo hours. (paragraph ) A firs she shivered in he bone-chilling waer even hough she had covered her body in eigh layers of grease for insulaion. (paragraph 5) Using a new overhand sroke called he American crawl, Ederle evenually seled ino a seady pace, briskly breaking hrough waves. (paragraph 5) No longer fighing agains her, he sea pushed her oward he shore and vicory. (paragraph 7) Form A 58 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

59 0. In paragraph, he word insurmounable is used o highligh E. F. G. H. how he bahing sui made i impossible for Ederle o make i across he channel. how Ederle and her siser decided o improve Ederle s swimming equipmen in a creaive way. ha he flaws in Ederle s bahing sui made a difficul ask even more complicaed. ha he swimming equipmen Ederle used needed o be cusom made for her aemp.. Which saemen describes how he auhor s use of problem-and-soluion in paragraph 5 conribues o he developmen of ideas in he passage? Deailing he challenges ha he cold channel waers presened highlighs how effecive Ederle s raining was. Describing Ederle s physical difficulies during her swim provides evidence of he eam effor required in order o ensure her safey. Explaining he difficulies ha arose early in he effor helps predic he addiional problems ha occurred during Ederle s aemp. Illusraing Ederle s process of blocking ou her discomfor shows ha swimming he channel was boh a menal and a physical challenge.. Paragraph 7 conribues o he developmen of he cenral idea of he passage by E. F. G. H. illusraing ha Ederle s physical srengh and menal foriude allowed her o say focused on her goal. conveying ha Ederle pushed herself o he edge of her physical capabiliies in order o complee he swim. highlighing he impac he severe weaher had on Ederle s emoions during her swim. emphasizing he surge of emoions Ederle fel as she came closer o achieving a personal goal.. Ederle s vicorious swim across he English Channel influenced American aiudes mainly by sparking ineres in physical aciviy and in seeking swimming cerificaion. encouraging oher swimmers o seek ou and achieve challenging feas. demonsraing ha women could achieve and even surpass feas accomplished by men. showing ha deerminaion and perseverance are necessary o overcome previous failures. Form A 59 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

60 . Which senence from he passage bes conveys he auhor s perspecive regarding he impac of Ederle s accomplishmen? E. F. G. H. Gerrude Ederle s riumphan swim across he English Channel was a esimony o her deerminaion, innovaive spiri, and passion for swimming. (paragraph ) For hours Ederle swam, dodging debris wih an amused smile. (paragraph 7) Ye Ederle fel indescribably happy as she churned hrough he sea. (paragraph 7) Ederle had swum ino hisory. (paragraph 8) 5. he able conribues o he developmen of he opic of he passage mainly by emphasizing ha people have coninued o swim across he channel and have significanly reduced he speed record. suggesing ha Ederle inspired women o swim across he channel in an aemp o break he curren speed record. revealing ha Ederle is no he only woman who has se a record ime for swimming across he English Channel. providing a comparison beween channel-swimming records of he early wenieh cenury and curren records. Form A 60 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

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62 Excerp from A ramp Abroad by Mark wain Now and hen, while we resed, we wached he laborious an a his work. I found nohing new in him cerainly nohing o change my opinion of him. I seems o me ha in he maer of inellec he an mus be a srangely overraed bird. During many summers now I have wached him, when I ough o have been in beer business, and I have no ye come across a living an ha seemed o have any more sense han a dead one. I refer o he ordinary an, of course; I have had no experience of hose wonderful Swiss and African ones which voe, keep drilled armies,... and dispue abou religion. hose paricular ans may be all ha he nauralis pains hem, bu I am persuaded ha he average an is a sham. I admi his indusry, of course; he is he hardes working creaure in he world when anybody is looking bu his leaher-headedness is he poin I make agains him. He goes ou foraging, he makes a capure, and hen wha does he do? Go home? No; he goes anywhere bu home. He doesn know where home is. His home may be only hree fee away; no maer, he can find i. He makes his capure, as I have said; i is generally somehing which can be of no sor of use o himself or anybody else; i is usually seven imes bigger han i ough o be; he huns ou he awkwardes place o ake hold of i; he lifs i bodily up in he air by main force, and sars no oward home, bu in he opposie direcion; no calmly and wisely, bu wih a franic hase which is waseful of his srengh; he feches up agains a pebble, and, insead of going around i, he climbs over i backwards, dragging his booy afer him, umbles down on he oher side, jumps up in a passion, kicks he dus off his clohes, moisens his hands, grabs his propery viciously, yanks i his way, hen ha, shoves i ahead of him a momen, urns ail and lugs i afer him anoher momen, ges madder and madder, hen presenly hoiss i ino he air and goes earing away in an enirely new direcion; comes o a weed; i never occurs o him o go around i. No; he mus climb i, and he does climb i, dragging his worhless propery o he op which is as brigh a hing o do as i would be for me o carry a sack of flour from Heidelberg o Paris by way of Srasburg seeple; when he ges up here he finds ha ha is no he place; akes a cursory glance a he scenery, and eiher climbs down again or umbles down, and sars off once more as usual, in a new direcion. A he end of half an hour he feches up wihin six inches of he place he sared from, and lays his burden down. Meanime, he has been over all he ground for wo yards around, and climbed all he weeds and pebbles he came across. Now he wipes he swea from his brow, srokes his limbs, and hen marches aimlessly off, in as violen a hurry as ever. He raverses a good deal of zig-zag counry, and by and by sumbles on his same booy again. He does no remember o have ever seen i before; he looks around o see which is no he way home, grabs his bundle, and sars. He goes hrough he same advenures he had before; finally sops o res, and a friend comes along. Evidenly he friend remarks ha a las year s grasshopper leg is a very noble acquisiion, and inquires where he go i. Evidenly he proprieor does no remember exacly where he did ge i, bu hinks he go i around here somewhere. Evidenly he friend conracs o help him freigh i home. hen, wih a judgmen peculiarly anic (pun no inenional), hey ake hold of opposie ends of ha grasshopper leg and begin o ug wih all heir migh in opposie direcions. Presenly hey ake a res, and confer ogeher. hey decide ha somehing is wrong, hey can make ou wha. hen hey go a i again, jus as before. Same resul. Muual recriminaions follow. Evidenly each accuses he oher of we: he auhor and his ficional ravel companion Form A 6 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

63 being an obsrucionis. hey warm up, and he dispue ends in a figh. hey lock hemselves ogeher and chew each oher s jaws for a while; hen hey roll and umble on he ground ill one loses a horn or a leg and has o haul off for repairs. hey make up and go o work again in he same old insane way, bu he crippled an is a a disadvanage; ug as he may, he oher one drags off he booy and him a he end of i. Insead of giving up, he hangs on, and ges his shins bruised agains every obsrucion ha comes in he way. By and by, when ha grasshopper leg has been dragged all over he same old ground once more, i is finally dumped a abou he spo where i originally lay. he wo perspiring ans inspec i houghfully and decide ha dried grasshopper legs are a poor sor of propery afer all, and hen each sars off in a differen direcion o see if he can find an old nail or somehing else ha is heavy enough o afford enerainmen and a he same ime valueless enough o make an an wan o own i.... Science has recenly discovered ha he an does no lay up anyhing for winer use.... He does no work, excep when people are looking, and only hen when he observer has a green, nauralisic look, and seems o be aking noes. his amouns o decepion, and will injure him for he Sunday schools. He has no judgmen enough o know wha is good o ea from wha isn. his amouns o ignorance, and will impair he world s respec for him.... He canno sroll around a sump and find his way home again. his amouns o idiocy, and once he damaging fac is esablished, houghful people will cease o look up o him. I is srange beyond comprehension ha so manifes a humbug as he an has been able o fool so many naions and keep i up so many ages wihou being found ou. From A RAMP ABROAD by Mark wain Public Domain 6. he phrase hose wonderful Swiss and African ones which voe, keep drilled armies,... and dispue abou religion in paragraph shows ha he auhor E. F. G. H. believes ha he behavior of he ans is refleced in oher living creaures. acknowledges ha his observaions of a few do no necessarily apply o all. knows ha disproving a commonly held belief is challenging. acceps ha here are flaws in his inerpreaion of he behavior of he ans. 7. he cenral idea ha he average an is a sham (paragraph ) is conveyed mainly hrough he comical descripions of he inabiliy of he ans o accomplish he ask a hand. comparison beween ans from oher counries and he ans being observed. keen observaions ha he level of inelligence of ans is mosly oversaed. conclusion ha ans value objecs ha are of lile pracical use o hem. Form A 6 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

64 8. In paragraph, how do he words grabs, yanks, and earing away conribue o he meaning of he excerp? E. F. G. H. hey highligh he an s belief ha his work is imporan. hey illusrae ha he an is more efficien working on his own. hey indicae he speed wih which he an complees his asks. hey emphasize he an s anxious effors o be producive. 9. Read his ex from paragraph. He... comes o a weed; i never occurs o him o go around i. No; he mus climb i, and he does climb i, dragging his worhless propery o he op which is as brigh a hing o do as i would be for me o carry a sack of flour from Heidelberg o Paris by way of Srasburg seeple; hese deails convey he cenral idea in he excerp by showing ha he an ofen wases his srengh when working on a ask. is surprised by he effor he needs in order o move he objec. is oblivious o he mos pracical soluion o his problem. focuses more on obaining he objec han geing i back home efficienly. 0. Which of he following bes explains he auhor s fascinaion wih he ans? E. F. G. H. During many summers now I have wached him, when I ough o have been in beer business, and I have no ye come across a living an ha seemed o have any more sense han a dead one. (paragraph ) I admi his indusry, of course; he is he hardes working creaure in he world (paragraph ) Science has recenly discovered ha he an does no lay up anyhing for winer use. (paragraph ) I is srange beyond comprehension ha so manifes a humbug as he an has been able o fool so many naions and keep i up so many ages wihou being found ou. (paragraph ) Form A 6 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

65 . Read his senence from paragraph. A he end of half an hour he feches up wihin six inches of he place he sared from, and lays his burden down. How does he senence conribue o he developmen of he cenral idea of he excerp? I reveals ha he an is aware of he purposelessness of his effors and ha he does no enjoy his work. I highlighs how lile he an accomplishes despie he grea amoun of effor he exers. I suggess ha he an has an indusrious aiude and does no easily give up. I emphasizes ha he an does no houghfully consider how difficul i would be o carry his capure for such a long period of ime.. Which senence from paragraph bes suppors he idea ha sheer leaher-headedness (paragraph ) amouns o ignorance and idiocy (paragraph )? E. F. G. H. He goes ou foraging, he makes a capure, and hen wha does he do? He lifs i bodily up in he air by main force, When he ges up here he finds ha ha is no he place; Now he wipes he swea from his brow, srokes his limbs, and hen marches aimlessly off, in as violen a hurry as ever.. Read his senence from paragraph. Evidenly he friend remarks ha a las year s grasshopper leg is a very noble acquisiion, and inquires where he go i. Which saemen bes describes how he senence fis ino he overall srucure of he excerp? I indicaes a shif o he realizaion ha he ans place grea imporance on an iem ha has lile value. I emphasizes a shif from an analysis of he acions of he individual an o a commenary on he acions of he ans working ogeher. I inroduces a ransiion o he idea ha specific observaions abou one an allow for generalizaions abou all ans. I provides a ransiion o he observaion ha he an s friend is jus as purposeful in his effors oward a fuile ending as he firs an. Form A 65 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

66 . Read his senence from paragraph. he wo perspiring ans inspec i houghfully and decide ha dried grasshopper legs are a poor sor of propery afer all, and hen each sars off in a differen direcion o see if he can find an old nail or somehing else ha is heavy enough o afford enerainmen and a he same ime valueless enough o make an an wan o own i. How does he word choice in he senence conribue o he overall meaning of he excerp? E. F. G. H. I creaes a humorous criique of he ans inense aiude oward heir poinless work. I illusraes he ans confusion over heir lack of posiive resuls compared wih heir level of effor. I highlighs he ans frusraion as hey repeaedly chose a difficul ask over one ha could be accomplished more easily. I illusraes he ans subborn deerminaion o hold on o he worhless objec. 5. How does he presence of he friend in paragraph influence he firs an s behavior? he friend disracs he an from finding he correc pah home. he friend inspires he an o consider a new approach o he siuaion. he friend encourages he an o coninue his worhless effors. he friend ries o preven he an from finishing his ask. Form A 66 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

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68 Ruins of a Fabled Ciy 5 6 he African counry of Zimbabwe ook is name from he Shona word meaning sone enclosures or veneraed houses. In fac, oday dozens of sone ruins are scaered hroughou Zimbabwe and oher areas in souheasern Africa. One of hese ruins, known as Grea Zimbabwe, was once a fabled ciy ha inspired ales ha circulaed hroughou Europe. Where was his remarkable ciy, and who had buil i? For cenuries he mysery occupied he minds of explorers and reasure seekers. he firs repors o Europeans of Grea Zimbabwe were spread a housand years ago by Arab raders sailing beween he Middle Eas and he eas coas of Africa. he raders old of he fabulous wealh of a myserious sone ciy in he African inerior. In he rader s ales, ha ciy became associaed wih he Europeans undersanding of Middle Easern hisory he Queen of Sheba, King Solomon and his legendary gold mines, long since los o he world. By he sixeenh cenury, Poruguese explorers regularly visied Eas Africa, searching for King Solomon s gold, bu hey never found Grea Zimbabwe. In 55, a Poruguese hisorian, João de Barros, recorded a sory old by Arabs abou a ciy wih a square forress of masonry wihin and wihou, buil of sones of marvelous size, and here appears o be no morar joining hem. In fac, Grea Zimbabwe was a marvel. In one area a massive wall more han hiry fee high and weny fee hick creaed a grea enclosure. Anoher area conained a forress-like series of walls, corridors, and seps buil ino he bluff ha overlooks he ruins. hroughou he ciy, each sone was precisely fied o he ohers wihou he use of morar. In he 870s Karl Mauch, a German geologis, was he firs European o see Grea Zimbabwe, by hen in ruins. Mauch realized ha he had rediscovered he fabled ciy from de Barros s sory. He jumped o he conclusion ha Grea Zimbabwe had been buil by he Queen of Sheba. Briish auhoriies sen a Briish journalis, Richard Hall, o Grea Zimbabwe o invesigae Mauch s repor. Archaeology was sill in is infancy, and Hall, convinced ha he srucures had been buil by ancien people from he Middle Eas, dug up and discarded archaeological deposis ha would have revealed much abou he rue hisory of Grea Zimbabwe. Laer European excavaions desroyed even more valuable evidence. In he wenieh cenury, afer excavaing areas ha had no been disurbed, David Randall-MacIver, a Scoish Egypologis, and Gerrude Caon-hompson, an English archaeologis, concluded ha he ruins were unmisakably African in origin. Grea Zimbabwe was mos likely buil during he foureenh or fifeenh cenury by he ancesors of he presen-day Shona people. Recen carbon- daing suppors heir conclusion. Grea Zimbabwe was once home o an esimaed 0,000 people, he cener of a grea Shona kingdom. Wealhy Shona kings raded heir ivory and gold in coasal owns for oher goods, hus accouning for he discovery of beads and oher foreign wares in he ruins. One mysery of Grea Zimbabwe had been solved. Anoher mysery remains: why was he selemen a Grea Zimbabwe abandoned, leaving he magnificen sone archiecure o fall ino ruins? Form A 68 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

69 6. Which saemen bes describes he cenral idea of he passage? E. F. G. H. Grea Zimbabwe was an enormous sone ciy hough o be home o some of he greaes reasure of ancien hisory. Myseries relaed o Grea Zimbabwe coninue o ineres hisorians and explorers even hough archaeologiss have confirmed is origins. he hisory of Grea Zimbabwe was subjec o much speculaion unil modern archaeologiss definiively deermined is origins. Early misseps in he sudy and excavaion of he Grea Zimbabwe ruins led o he loss of valuable evidence abou he ciy. 7. Wha was he main way ha Karl Mauch s conclusions abou Grea Zimbabwe in paragraph affeced laer archaeological invesigaions? Archaeologiss from all over Europe became ineresed in excavaing he area. Archaeologiss made assumpions abou he hisory of he ruins before excavaing. Archaeologiss sared o believe ha many of he pas accouns recorded abou he ruins were rue. Archaeologiss realized i was unlikely ha an ancien culure could build such grand srucures. 8. Which saemen bes describes Poruguese explorers experience searching for Grea Zimbabwe? E. F. G. H. hey rouinely visied Eas Africa bu never locaed he ciy. hey were moivaed by he hope of finding a myserious ciy. hey used deails from de Barros s sory in order o deermine he ciy s exac locaion. hey sudied hisory books in order o gaher informaion abou he ciy. 9. Wha was one mysery of Grea Zimbabwe (paragraph 6) ha had been solved? why he selemen was abandoned where he ivory and gold from he ciy wen why he ruins remained undiscovered unil he 870s who had buil he selemen Form A 69 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

70 0. Which saemen abou he Shona people is bes suppored by he passage? E. hey live along he eas coas of Africa. F. hey are descendans of he people who buil Grea Zimbabwe. G. hey lived in he Middle Eas before seling in Africa. H. hey were once ruled by King Solomon and he Queen of Sheba.. he conclusions of David Randall-MacIver and Gerrude Caon-hompson were significan because hey proved ha Grea Zimbabwe was much older han previously hough. quesioned why he Shona people lef Grea Zimbabwe. suppored he idea ha he ancien Shona had a robus sociey a Grea Zimbabwe. revealed ha Grea Zimbabwe was African in origin. Form A 70 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

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72 Cross-Purposes 5 Wha I am is buil: concree and seel. I defy graviy. I am wha every ahlee wans: o remain a he apex of he leap, up in he air. And ye I am useful, oo: cars, rucks, people, even rains make heir way across my broad back. Swallows and ospreys nes in my russes. 0 Wha I am is moion. I am waer, and I am older han anyhing else you know. No human buil me. I am graviy s bes friend; I pool and flow wherever graviy akes me. I am he blood flowing in he runner s ches, and I cach everyhing: from he hills, he mounains. I all washes down hrough me. 5 0 Wha you are is an acciden, wha happens o rain when rain gives in o Earh s graviaional pull. You are some ears dribbling from a mounain s eye, running down he pavemens of small owns, ino he ciies, o he sea. You are he pah of leas resisance. 5 Wha I am is power. You, of course, have none: you are a saic lump, an arifac slowly decaying. Bu my regal flow nourishes grasses, permis empires o rise. hose who made you will break you, in ime, replacing you wih ye anoher clumsy srucure. I have seen. I know. 0 5 Clumsy? Being rebuil makes me a friend of ime, does i no? And i means ha I have siblings hose clumsy srucures, my sisers and brohers. We sich across he rip you make. We are seel hread o he human needle. We bind you up. We sew you. ospreys: large birds Form A 7 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

73 0 And I sow ino you; in every cranny of your supersrucure my vapors cling. hey bring ou your sofness, your rus. Boas your bes, and boas beer ye. I am lisening o he brigh hum of he wind in your wires. Because I am, above all else, paien. I will wai for you.. How does he similar consrucion of he senence in line and he senence in line 8 conribue o he meaning of he poem? E. F. G. H. I inroduces he inended permanence of he srucure and he ever-changing fluidiy of he waer. I shows ha he srucure can bridge he gap caused by he waer. I suggess ha he srucure has more limiaions han he waer. I conrass he sabiliy of he srucure wih he insabiliy of he waer.. Read lines and lines from he poem. I am wha every ahlee wans: o remain a he apex of he leap, up in he air. I am he blood flowing in he runner s ches, and I cach everyhing: from he hills, he mounains. How do he lines conribue o he developmen of a cenral idea of he poem? hey esablish ha boh he srucure and he waer have endurance and conrol. hey highligh ha boh he srucure and he waer are powerful and impressive. hey sugges ha he srucure and he waer are unaware of how similar hey are. hey reveal ha he srucure and he waer are surprised ha hey are inerrelaed.. Read line 7 from he firs sanza. Swallows and ospreys nes in my russes. How does he line conribue o he developmen of ideas in he sanza? E. he line suppors he srucure s claim ha i is beneficial o naure. F. he line reveals ha he srucure secrely envies he waer s imporance in naure. G. he line emphasizes ha he srucure is more valuable o naure han he waer is. H. he line reveals he kinship ha naure shares wih he srucure. Form A 7 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

74 5. Read lines 8 0 from he poem. You are some ears dribbling from a mounain s eye, running down he pavemens of small owns, ino he ciies, o he sea. Wha impac do he phrases some ears dribbling and running down have on he meaning of he poem? hey sugges ha naurally flowing waer is a problem in populaed areas. hey highligh he differen ypes of naurally flowing waer. hey imply ha he flow of waer is weak and influenced by he landscape. hey highligh ha he flow of waer from he mounains is minimal compared wih ha of he seas. 6. he comparison o sewing in lines 5 helps show ha he srucure E. F. G. H. enhances he beauy of he naural landscape. brings people ogeher more effecively han naure does. provides clear boundaries for naural environmens. serves as a means for people o overcome an obsacle creaed by naure. 7. he las sanza (lines 6 ) conveys a cenral idea of he poem by demonsraing ha boh he srucure and he waer depend on each oher o fulfill heir funcions. implying ha a sronger srucure would be able o resis he degradaion caused by he waer. revealing ha he passage of ime will render boh he srucure and he waer obsolee. suggesing ha he waer will evenually weaken he srucure and will coninue o exis afer he srucure is gone. 8. Read lines from he poem. Because I am, above all else, paien. I will wai for you. Which of he following suppors wha is implied in hese lines? E. F. G. H. I am older / han anyhing else you know. (lines 8 9) No human / buil me. (lines 9 0) I all washes down hrough me. (line ) hose who made you will break you, (line 6) Form A 7 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

75 9. How does he poe develop he poins of view of he srucure and he waer? by relaing a discussion beween hem abou he fuure of human civilizaion by narraing a debae hey have over heir impac on he environmen by illusraing he unique power hey each possess over naure by using personificaion o allow hem o debae who is more imporan 50. How does he form of he poem conribue o is meaning? E. F. he use of an equal number of lines in each sanza emphasizes ha boh speakers are equally imporan. he use of ialics in some of he sanzas indicaes he increasing ension beween he srucure and he waer. G. he alernaing posiions of he sanzas highligh he opposing poins of view of he speakers. H. he lack of a regular rhyme scheme or meer reflecs he way he waer changes he srucure and he way he waer iself changes. Form A 75 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

76 he Year wihou a Summer 5 he erupion of he Philippine volcano Moun Pinaubo in June 99 sen a huge cloud of gas and dus encircling he globe. he dus and ash from Moun Pinaubo was blamed for a wo-year decrease in global emperaure, changes in weaher paerns, and damage o he ozone layer. he siuaion brings o mind a ime now remembered as he Year wihou a Summer, a meeorological even ha occurred 75 years earlier. A ha ime, harsh weaher condiions plagued much of easern Norh America and, o a lesser exen, norhern Europe. April 86 brough ypical spring weaher o upsae New York and New England; rees budded, and farmers prepared o plow and plan. In May, however, he expeced warm emperaures failed o arrive. Mos people remained opimisic, waiing for he summer ha was jus around he corner. hey waied in vain. During he firs week of June, en inches of snow fell on New England. hroughou he monh, emperaures rarely rose above he 0s. Many farmers replaned crops several imes, only o see hem suned or desroyed by slee, hail, and icy winds. July and Augus brough lile improvemen. During mos days he emperaure sayed in he 0s. Farmers diaries documen he farmers daily sruggles wih near-freezing emperaures, failing crops, and dying farm animals. he few crops ha managed o survive were killed by fros in mid-sepember. Winer came early in New England and was unusually severe. Even he Souh was affeced; on July, he high emperaure for Savannah, Georgia, was only 6 degrees Fahrenhei! Some religious leaders warned heir congregaions ha he unusual weaher mean ha he end of he world was drawing near. Oher leaders aribued he cool weaher o unusual sunspo aciviy. he proliferaion of he newly invened lighning rod was also blamed as some people believed ha lighning rods had inerruped he naural emperaure balance of Earh, causing he cooler emperaures. I was no unil Ocober ha he firs plausible explanaion for he Year wihou a Summer was suggesed. Friedrich Bessel, a German asronomer, repored seeing hick clouds of dus in he upper amosphere. He heorized ha hese dus paricles screened porions of Earh from he warming rays of he sun. I was discovered ha in April 85, Moun ambora, an Indonesian volcano, had eruped wih such force ha i had sen an esimaed 00 cubic miles of fine dus ino he amosphere. Winesses o he erupion repored ha he sky remained dark for wo days. he dus hen rose high ino he sraosphere, where i encircled he world for several years o come. Skepics in 86 doubed ha a faraway volcano could seal heir summer. However, mos presen-day researchers believe Bessel s explanaion o be generally correc, demonsraing he global naure of weaher. he dus in he amosphere evenually seled, and he spring of 87 was back o normal. 5. Which of he following bes ells wha his passage is abou? he belief of some religious leaders ha he end of he world was coming in 86 a summer of srange weaher and is probable cause he imporance of summer weaher o agriculure in New England a comparison of he weaher of 86 and 99 Form A 76 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

77 5. Wha is he mos likely reason farmers persised in replaning heir crops? E. F. G. H. hey believed ha he cold weaher could no coninue all summer long. hey hough ha crops would be able o survive even hough he weaher remained cold. hey believed ha he improved weaher condiions of July would las. hey hough he June snowfalls would provide needed moisure. 5. In he winer ha followed he summer of 86, New Englanders mos likely experienced new weaher evens ha hey had no encounered before. emperaures ha were warmer han usual for ha ime of year. shorages of fruis, vegeables, and oher essenial crops. difficuly adjusing o a differen imeline for planing crops. 5. How does paragraph conribue o he passage? E. I presens he mos probable cause of he 86 weaher. F. I shows how nineeenh-cenury people explained he 86 weaher. G. I presens a heory abou he 86 weaher ha some skepics doubed. H. I includes eyewiness repors o describe he source of he 86 weaher. 55. he auhor includes he deails in paragraph abou he erupion of Moun ambora in order o sugges ha he afermah of he erupion sill affecs he environmen oday. highligh he severe impac ha he erupion had on he amosphere. provide a descripion of wha happens during a volcanic erupion. emphasize how differenly people perceive naural evens in various pars of he world. Form A 77 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

78 56. Which of he following is implied by he phrase he global naure of weaher (paragraph 5)? E. Undersanding weaher evens around he world is imporan for making weaher predicions. F. Exreme weaher condiions in some pars of he world can have a lasing impac on a geographical area. G. Naural disasers end o occur in differen pars of he world a he same ime. H. Condiions in one par of he world can affec weaher in anoher par of he world. 57. he cold summer of 86 was mos likely caused by unusual sunspo aciviy. he excessive use of lighning rods. damage o he ozone layer. an increase of dus in he amosphere. Form A 78 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

79 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE c Form A 79 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

80 PAR MAHEMAICS 57 QUESIONS IMPORAN NOES () Formulas and definiions of mahemaical erms and symbols are no provided. () Diagrams oher han graphs are no necessarily drawn o scale. Do no assume any relaionship in a diagram unless i is specifically saed or can be figured ou from he informaion given. () Assume ha a diagram is in one plane unless he quesion specifically saes ha i is no. () Graphs are drawn o scale. Unless saed oherwise, you can assume relaionships according o appearance. For example, (on a graph) lines ha appear o be parallel can be assumed o be parallel; likewise for concurren lines, sraigh lines, collinear poins, righ angles, ec. (5) Reduce (simplify) all fracions o lowes erms. Form A 80 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

81 GRID-IN QUESIONS QUESIONS 58 6 DIRECIONS: Solve each quesion. On he answer shee, wrie your answer in he boxes a he op of he grid. Sar on he lef side of each grid. Prin only one number or symbol in each box. Under each box, fill in he circle ha maches he number or symbol you wroe above. DO NO FILL IN A CIRCLE UNDER AN UNUSED BOX. DO NO LEAVE A BOX BLANK IN HE MIDDLE OF AN ANSWER. 58. x Q R 6. A survey asked sudens wha pes hey have. Based on he resuls, he following saemens are all rue. 0 sudens have cas. sudens have dogs. sudens have boh dogs and cas. P S 7 5 sudens have no dogs or cas. How many sudens were surveyed? In he figure above, PQRS Wha is he value of x? is a parallelogram. 59. he owner of a ree farm plans pine rees and oak rees in a raio of 8:. How many oak rees are planed if 6 pine rees are planed? 6. he sum of wo consecuive inegers is 5. If is added o he smaller ineger and is subraced from he larger ineger, wha is he produc of he wo resuling inegers? 60. For wha value of w is w = w 8? Form A 8 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

82 MULIPLE CHOICE QUESIONS QUESIONS 6 DIRECIONS: Solve each quesion. Selec he bes answer from he choices given. Mark he leer of your answer on he answer shee. When you are solving quesions, you can wrie in he es bookle or on he scrap paper given o you. 6. he se of possible values of m is {5, 7, 9}. Wha is he se of possible values of k if k = m +? {,, 5} {, 5, 6} {8, 0, } {0,, 8} 66. Jenny sars a game wih wice as many marbles as Keiko. Jenny gives Keiko 5 marbles, bu she sill has 0 more han Keiko. How many marbles did Jenny have o sar wih? E. 5 F. 0 G. 5 H ( n + 6) ( n + 8) = E. F. G. H. 5 n 5 + n n + n 67. In a scale diagram, 0.5 inch represens 5 fee. How many inches represen foo? In a cerain school, course grades range from 0 o 00. Adrianna ook courses and her mean course grade was 90. Robero ook 5 courses. If boh sudens have he same sum of course grades, wha was Robero s mean? Form A 8 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

83 PEOPLE PER VEHICLE A CHECKPOIN Number of People Percen of in Vehicle Vehicles R 0% 5% N 5% 7% M S P 5 or more % Q A researcher recorded he number of people in each vehicle ha passed hrough a checkpoin. he able above shows he percen disribuion for he 0 vehicles ha passed hrough he checkpoin yeserday morning. How many of he 0 vehicles conained a leas people? In he pyramid above, each riangular face has he same area, and he base MNPQ is a square ha measures 8 cenimeers on each side. If he lengh of RS = 6 cenimeers, wha is he surface area of he pyramid excluding he base? E. F. G. H sq cm 96 sq cm 8 sq cm 60 sq cm 70. he perimeer of a recangle is 50 cenimeers. he raio of he lengh o he widh is :. Wha are he dimensions of his recangle? E. F. G. H. 50 cm by 05 cm 5 cm by 0 cm 58 cm by 97 cm 65 cm by 90 cm Form A 8 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

84 7. Which number line below shows he soluion o he inequaliy < x <? 7. he sum of he numbers x, y, and z is 50. he raio of x o y is :, and he raio of y o z is :5. Wha is he value of y? E. F. G. H y dollar = 7 lorgs dollar = 0.5 dal Kevin has 0 lorgs and 6 dals. If he exchanges he lorgs and dals for dollars according o he raes above, how many dollars will he receive? E. $8 F. $5 G. $8 H. $8 7. A box of colored pencils conains exacly 6 red pencils. he probabiliy of choosing a red pencil from he box is. How many of he 7 pencils in he box are no red? Wha is he area of he shaded region in he graph above? 76. In Cenerville, 5% of he populaion is female, and 60% of he populaion commues o work daily. Of he oal Cenerville populaion, % are females who commue o work daily. Wha percenage of he oal Cenerville populaion are males who do no commue o work daily? E. 5% F. 6% G. % H. 9% O 0.5 square uni 0.5 square uni square uni.5 square unis x Form A 8 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

85 77. Mrs. Cranson bough five boles of waer for $0.90 each and 8 pounds of mea. She paid a oal of $6.90 for hese iems, no including ax. Wha was he price per pound of he mea? $.80 $.5 $.0 $ In a sample of 0 cards, are red and 6 are blue. If cards are seleced a random from he sample, one a a ime wihou replacemen, wha is he probabiliy ha boh cards are no blue? 79. sind = lorgs plunks = 5 dals 5 sinds = harps plunk = harps 80. A naion has five ypes of coins: sinds, dals, lorgs, harps, and plunks. he relaionship beween he coins is shown above. Which coin is mos valuable? sind dal harp plunk E. F. G. H SCORES ON MAH QUIZ Score Number of Sudens Wha is he mean score of he 0 sudens in he able above? E. F. G. H Form A 85 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

86 8. HOW PEOPLE GE O WORK IN CENER CIY Bicycle % Car Pool 5% Drive Alone 9% Walk % Bus 0% oal number of people working in Cener Ciy = 5,000 How many more people in Cener Ciy walk o work han ride heir bicycle o work?,500,700,800, In a scale drawing of a riangular banner, one side measures 6 cenimeers and he oher wo sides each measure cenimeers. On he acual banner, hese wo sides each measure 6 fee. Wha is he lengh of he remaining side of he acual banner? 8. he faculy of a cerain four-year college consiss of 79 eachers. here are 66 firs-year sudens. he suden-o-faculy raio for he enire college is 5 o. Wha is he oal number of second-, hird-, and fourh-year sudens? 85. E. F. G. H. 6 f f 0 f 8 f,989,0,65,685 Wha is he value of he expression shown above? Which of he following numbers has facors ha include he smalles facor (oher han ) of 9? E. F. G. H Form A 86 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

87 86. A car is raveling 55 miles per hour, and mile = 5,80 fee. Which of he following calculaions would give he car s speed in fee per second? E. F. G. H. 88. How many posiive even facors of 8 are greaer han and less han 8? E. 0 F. G. H. 55 i 5,80 55 i 5,80, i,600 5,80 55 i 5, oday, ien s age is of Jordan s age. In years, ien s age will be of Jordan s age. How old is Jordan oday? years old 6 years old years old 6 years old 90. Johan leased a car for hree years. He paid a one-ime fee of $,000, and an addiional $00 per monh for he full hree years. A he end of he hree years, wha is he oal amoun Johan paid for leasing his car? E. $,900 F. $,600 G. $0,800 H. $, here are 6 differen cookies on a plae. Aiden will choose of hese cookies o pack in his lunch. How many differen pairs of cookies can he choose from he 6? For a presenaion, Deion can creae 5 slides in 0 minues, working a a consan rae. Kyra can creae slides in 0 minues, working a her own consan rae. Wha is he oal number of slides he wo of hem can creae in one hour? E. 6 F. 0 G. H he leas of 5 consecuive inegers is l, and he l+ g greaes is g. Wha is he value of in erms of l? l l l + l + 5 Form A 87 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

88 9. L N 95. Ryan mus read 50 pages for school his weekend. I ook him 0 minues o read he firs 0 pages. A his rae, how much addiional ime will i ake him o finish he reading? 6 hr On he number line above, LN =. Poin M 8 (no shown) is locaed beween poin L and hr hr poin N. Which value below is a possible value for M? 7 hr Suppose M = w y, N =, and wxy,,, and z x z do no equal 0. Wha is M in erms of wxy,,, N and z? 9. An unmarked sraigh sick will be laid end over end o measure a disance of exacly 7 fee. he same sick will be used in he same way o measure a disance of exacly 0 fee. Wha is he lengh of he longes possible sick ha can be used for boh measuremens? E. F. G. H. f f 6 f 8 f E. F. G. H. wx yz wy xz wz xy xy wz 97. In he se of consecuive inegers from o 0, inclusive, here are four inegers ha are muliples of boh and. How many inegers in his se are muliples of neiher nor? Form A 88 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

89 98. Number of Schools NUMBER OF SCHOOLS IN FIVE CIIES M N P Q R Ciy he graph above shows he number of schools per ciy for five small ciies. Ciies M and N each have 500 sudens per school. Ciy P has 00 sudens per school. Ciies Q and R each have 700 sudens per school. Which of he five ciies has he greaes number of sudens? 99. A box conains 5 srawberry candies, banana candies, and orange candies. If Braden selecs candies a random from his box, wihou replacemen, wha is he probabiliy ha boh candies are no banana? 00. w x In he equaion above, w, x, y, and z are posiive numbers. Which of hese is equal o z? E. F x xy = y z E. F. G. H. Ciy M Ciy P Ciy Q Ciy R G. H. w xy xy w 0. W X Y Z On he number line above, poins W, X, Y, and Z are inegers, and WX:XY:YZ = ::. Wha is he value of WY? 8 8 Form A 89 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

90 0. A meal square used in an elecronic device mus have a hickness of 0.0 inch, wih an allowable error of percen. Wha is he greaes allowable hickness of he meal square? E. F. G. H in. 0.0 in in. 0.0 in. 05. In he infiniely repeaing decimal above, 7 is he firs digi in he repeaing paern. Wha is he 9s digi? = SCORES ON BIOLOGY ES Secion Lowes Score Range I 65 8 II 6 5 III 67 Mr. Blake s biology class is divided ino hree secions. he same es was given o each secion. he able above shows boh he lowes score and he range of scores on his es for each secion. Wha is he overall range of all scores in all hree secions? A car ravels a,00 fee per minue. he radius of each ire on he car is foo. How many revoluions does one of hese ires make in minue? (Use he approximaion for.) 7 E. F. G. H. 700,95,88 5, ( + 0.) 00 = If n is a posiive even number, how many odd numbers are in he range from up o and including n + 5? n E. F. G. H. 5 Form A 90 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

91 08. A spors sore has a conainer of handballs: blue, 5 red, 8 yellow, 9 whie, and green. If one ball is picked from he conainer a random, wha is he probabiliy ha i will be yellow? E. F. G. H J K L M 8 On he number line above, JK =, JM = 9, and LM =. Wha is he 8 posiion of poin L? Each week, Leon has fixed expenses of $,50 a his furniure shop. I coss him $50 o make a chair in his shop, and he sells each chair for $75. Wha is Leon s profi if he makes and sells 5 chairs in week? $,875 $,500 $,5 $, If x y =, wha is x in erms of y? 0. Using he approximaion.5 cenimeers = inch, how many cenimeers are in fee 7 inches? E. F. G. H E. F. G. H. x = y + x = y + x = y + x = y + Form A 9 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

92 . SERVINGS OF FRUIS AND VEGEABLES Number of Servings of Number of Sudens Fruis and Vegeables A pase used o cover a billboard is made by mixing he following ingrediens by weigh: pars powder, pars waer, pars resin, and par hardener. o cover one billboard requires 0 pounds of his pase. How many oal pounds of resin are required o cover billboards? E. F. G. H here are 0 sudens in a class. he frequency able above shows he number of sudens in his class who ae 0,,,,, or 5 servings of fruis and vegeables yeserday. Wha is he mean number of servings of fruis and vegeables eaen yeserday per suden in his class? Form A 9 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

93 SAMPLE ES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS FORM AA REVISING/EDIING PAR A. (D) he quesion asks for he mos precise revision for he words alked o some people who did he bes in he cones. Opion D is he correc response because he revision precisely saes boh he reporer s acion ( inerviewed ) and whom he reporer inerviewed ( he op hree conesans ). Opion A is an incorrec response because he revision does no provide precise informaion abou he number of people inerviewed. Opion B is an incorrec response because he revision uses he imprecise phrase who did well. Opion C is an incorrec response because he revision does no provide precise informaion abou he number of people inerviewed.. (G) he quesion asks for he pair of revisions needed o correc he errors in he paragraph, which appear in senence and senence. Opion G is correc because i is he only choice ha revises he errors in boh senence and senence. In senence (Opion G and Opion H), a comma needs o follow he word company o se off he phrase who owned a cleaning produc company. A comma is necessary because he phrase is a nonresricive clause: he phrase provides exra informaion abou Cleo and Noah McVicker s line of work, bu he phrase is no necessary in order o undersand he meaning of he senence. he second error is in senence (Opion E and Opion G), which incorrecly shifs he verb ino he presen ense. he clause as naural gas becomes more common should be as naural gas became more common. he comma afer he word homes in senence (Opion E and Opion F) is necessary for separaing he subordinae clause When coal was used o hea homes from he main clause. In senence (Opion F and Opion H), he word remarkeed is in he pas ense esablished in he res of he paragraph and should no change o he pas perfec ense had remarkeed.. (A) he quesion asks for he idenificaion of he senence in he paragraph ha has an error in is consrucion and should be revised. Opion A (senence ) is he correc response because senence conains a srucural error. he senence begins wih a lis of modifying phrases: Walking dogs, cleaning kennels, hand-feeding newborn kiens, and supporing he pe-adopion process. As wrien, his lis modifies he closes noun phrase, he animal sheler, which is illogical because he lis describes asks a he animal sheler, no he sheler iself. he lis should follow he word asks a he end of he senence, so ha i is closer o he word ha i modifies. Opion B, Opion C, and Opion D are incorrec responses because senence, senence, and senence do no conain srucural errors. For Opion B, he phrase especially hose who aspire o care for and proec animals in senence correcly modifies young people. For Opion C, he srucure of senence allows he words In addiion o hands-on raining wih animal care o correcly modify voluneers will learn. For Opion D, he phrase which is he awareness and undersanding of he feelings of ohers in senence correcly modifies he word empahy. REVISING/EDIING PAR B Moving hrough Mounains. (G) he quesion asks which senence should be added o he end of he firs paragraph in order o inroduce he opic of he passage, which is he descripion, consrucion, and use of he Gohard Base unnel. Opion G correcly presens and describes he Gohard Base unnel. Opion E is incorrec because i offers overly deailed informaion abou he funding used o build he Gohard Base unnel, and i does no provide a descripion of he unnel. Opion F is incorrec because i gives deails abou he opening ceremony of he unnel, and i does no provide a descripion of he unnel. Opion H is incorrec because i offers a resul of compleing he Gohard Base unnel, raher han offering an inroducory saemen presening and describing he unnel. 5. (B) he quesion asks for a senence ha provides addiional deails abou he unnel-boring machines used o build he Gohard Base unnel in order o suppor he descripion of he machines in senence 7. Opion B is correc because i offers specific deails abou how unnel-boring machines, such as he ones used o creae he Gohard Base unnel, drill hrough rock. Opion A is incorrec because i offers informaion abou how unnelboring machines were an improvemen over previous mehods bu does no include informaion abou how he machines work. Opion C is incorrec because i presens he idea ha he unnel could no be buil unil advances were made in unnel-boring machine echnology and does no describe how he machines funcion. Opion D is incorrec because, hough i explains ha here are differen ypes of cuer heads used for differen geologies, he geology of he unnel area is no discussed in senence 7, nor in he res of he paragraph. 6. (H) he quesion asks where senence, which complees he deailed seps of how he unnel was 9

94 SAMPLE ES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form A buil, should be moved wihin he second paragraph in order o improve he organizaion of he paragraph. Opion H, placing he senence beween senences 9 and 0, is correc because placing he senence here helps he reader undersand he full sequence of seps performed in consrucing he unnel before he cos of he projec is inroduced. Opion E, placing he senence a he beginning of he paragraph (before senence 6), is incorrec because i would no make sense since he process of building he unnel has no ye been inroduced. Similarly, Opion F is incorrec because placing he senence afer senence 6 would no make sense given ha adding concree would have o happen afer he rock was broken down and removed from he unnel. Opion G, placing he senence beween senences 8 and 9, would also be incorrec because he use of concree did no ake place before he removal of 8 million ons of rock (senence 9). 7. (D) he quesion asks which senence should be removed because i presens an idea ha shifs away from he main idea of he hird paragraph, which is abou he ransporaion benefis of he Gohard Base unnel. Opion D (senence 6) is he correc response because, even hough he senence provides addiional informaion abou he Channel unnel, i does no help he reader undersand he benefis of he Gohard Base unnel, so i should be removed. Opion A (senence ) is incorrec because he idea of faser ravel imes is imporan o he developmen of he main idea of he paragraph. Opion B (senence ) is incorrec because he senence provides a specific example of decreased ravel ime beween wo ciies when raveling hrough he Gohard Base unnel, supporing he developmen of ideas in he paragraph. Opion C (senence 5) is incorrec because he senence compares he Gohard Base unnel o anoher unnel ha provides an imporan connecion beween places, and he senence suppors he idea ha ransporaion innovaions are beneficial. 8. (G) he quesion asks for a ransiion ha bridges he ideas beween senences 7 and 8 and accuraely presens he relaionship. Opion G is correc because i bridges he senences by referring o he Gohard Base unnel as a soluion o he problems described in senence 7 and logically inroducing senence 8. Opion E is incorrec because he use of he word alhough and he menion of freigh rains sugges ha senence 8 will be abou oher ypes of vehicles ha use he Gohard Base unnel, and he ransiion phrase does no logically precede he senence. Opion F is incorrec because he reference o he amoun of ime i ook o build he unnel does no help lead ino he idea presened in senence 8. Opion H is incorrec because i suggess ha senence 8 is relaed o he increasing number of rains using he Gohard Base unnel, which is no accurae. 9. (B) he quesion asks for a concluding senence ha suppors key ideas abou he opic developed earlier in he passage. Opion B is correc because i suppors he poins made in he inroducory paragraph by affirming he idea ha he Gohard Base unnel is an example of a way people have improved life by overcoming obsacles. Opion A is incorrec because he economies of surrounding areas were never menioned in he passage. Opion C is incorrec because, alhough he consrucion of he Gohard Base unnel appears o have required many people o work ogeher, he passage does no explicily menion people or groups working ogeher. Opion D is incorrec because i focuses on he cos of he Gohard Base unnel, which is referred o only in senence 0 of he passage. READING COMPREHENSION An Early Warning 0. (H) he quesion asks for he saemen ha bes illusraes he cenral idea of he passage. Paragraphs hrough 5 focus on Marsh s personal experiences and his ideas abou naure, and paragraph 8 explains how his ideas are he basis for he conservaion movemen. hese wo aspecs comprise he cenral idea of he passage and are bes saed in Opion H. Opion E is incorrec because i focuses mainly on Marsh s early life and does no address his influence. Opion F is incorrec because, while i describes specific deails abou Marsh s beliefs, i does no explain who he was or how he affeced he conservaion movemen. Opion G is incorrec because i emphasizes ha Marsh s ideas were radical and influenial bu does no provide any informaion abou wha Marsh s beliefs were.. (D) he quesion asks for he specific reason Marsh believed people caused harm o he environmen. Marsh credied he land abuse he observed in Vermon and Ialy o people s lack of undersanding, or ignorance, of naure (paragraph ) and he popular belief ha naure can heal any damage ha people inflic upon i (paragraph 5). his concep is saed in Opion Opion A is incorrec because, alhough people are currenly working o improve he environmen, he passage does no sae ha Marsh believed ha people in his ime expeced 9

95 SAMPLE ES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form A fuure generaions o solve environmenal problems. Opion B is incorrec because, while he people of Marsh s ime made advances in indusry, Marsh did no indicae ha he believed ha people hough indusrial progress ouweighed effors o proec he environmen. Opion C is incorrec because, while many people a he ime paricipaed in environmenal degradaion (paragraph ), none of he evidence in he passage suggess ha Marsh believed ha people were unwilling o change heir pracices.. (F) he quesion asks for he reason he word surprisingly was used in paragraph. he beginning of paragraph leads he reader o expec ha Marsh was par of he modern environmenal movemen ha began in he 960s. herefore, he fac ha Marsh s influenial book was published one hundred years earlier is surprising, and so Opion F is correc. Opion E is incorrec because, while Marsh s ideas have had a resurgence in populariy since he 960s (paragraph ), Marsh s observaions abou deforesaion in Vermon (paragraph ) and land mismanagemen in Ialy (paragraph ) indicae ha his ideas were jus as applicable in his ime as hey are oday. Opion G is incorrec because, while Marsh could no have been aware ha his ideas would lead o he sar of a conservaion movemen, paragraph indicaes ha Marsh inroduced he principles of he environmenalis movemen before i became popular. Opion H is incorrec because, while i is possible ha a greaer awareness of human impac on he environmen during Marsh s ime could have prevened cerain environmenal issues oday, his idea is conjecure and does no explain he auhor s reason for using he word surprisingly.. (H) he quesion asks for a specific deail ha suppors he auhor s saemen in paragraph 5. In paragraph 5, he auhor saes ha Marsh argued ha people may use and enjoy, bu no desroy, he riches of he earh. Marsh s approval of he Suez Canal shows ha Marsh did no oppose cerain human innovaions, because he advanages improved ransporaion and commerce enriched human life and ouweighed environmenal damage (paragraph 7). Opion H describes ha idea. Opion E is incorrec because i is no relevan o he saemen in quesion. Opion F is incorrec because, while i acknowledges Marsh s conribuions o he conservaion movemen, i does no relae o his aiudes abou cerain aleraions o he environmen. Opion G is incorrec because i relaes o a ime when Marsh observed environmenal degradaion in Ialy. 5. (C) he quesion asks for he idea Marsh had ha was he mos influenial on he movemen in he 960s. Marsh s main conribuion o he modern environmenal movemen he idea ha Wesern sociey is causing irreversible harm o he environmen is given in paragraph, making Opion C correc. Opion A is incorrec because, while Marsh did believe ha some human aleraions o he environmen are necessary (paragraph 7), he negaive impac of human aciviy was his mos influenial idea. Opion B is incorrec because, while Marsh believed ha people lacked an undersanding of naure (paragraph ), his belief is a deail in suppor of his overall claim. Opion D is incorrec because, while Marsh observed firshand ha environmenal degradaion had been occurring for many years (paragraph ), ha was no he focus of his mos influenial idea.. (C) he quesion asks for evidence ha suppors Marsh s heories abou naure, based on he passage. he passage saes ha ideas from Marsh s book are now considered basic knowledge in he field of environmenal science (paragraph 6). his saemen suppors he idea ha his heories abou naure were accurae, making Opion C correc. Opion A is incorrec because, while Marsh made observaions of he harm ha people were causing o he environmen (paragraphs and ), he deails abou his observaions do no provide evidence ha his heories were accurae. Opion B is incorrec because, while Marsh s wriing did inspire a conservaion movemen (paragraph 8), hese deails do no call aenion o he accuracy of his ideas. Opion D is incorrec because i refers o Marsh s personal opinions (paragraph 7), no his heories. Champion of he Channel 6. (H) he quesion asks wha he senence reveals abou Ederle s challenges leading up o her aemp o swim across he channel. Opion H is correc because he senence implies a lack of social suppor since many people believed ha a woman, no maer how skilled a swimmer, did no have he srengh o overcome he physical challenges ha he dangerous channel waers presened (paragraph : He claimed ha even he mos uncompromising champion of he righs and capaciies of women mus admi ha in coness of physical skill, speed and endurance hey mus remain forever he weaker sex. ). Opion E is incorrec because he idea ha Ederle was a a disadvanage because she was American raher han English, and hus less familiar wih he channel, was no he basis for he newspaper edior s 95

96 SAMPLE ES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form A predicion abou he oucome of her swim. Opion F is incorrec because he passage esablishes ha Ederle was a highly accomplished swimmer who had won major world compeiions (paragraph :... Gerrude Ederle, an American swimmer wih eigheen world records and hree Olympic medals... ). Opion G is incorrec; he newspaper edior s poin was ha i would be impossible for Ederle o complee he swim because she was a woman, no because people were uncomforable wih he idea since no woman had aemped i before. 7. (A) he quesion asks for he bes summary of Ederle s seps o prepare for her second aemp o swim across he English Channel. Ederle s preparaion is oulined in paragraph. Opion A is correc because i acknowledges he idea ha Ederle involved her siser in his process, and i deails he effors he wo ook o improve Ederle s equipmen, including waxing her goggles and designing a beer swimsui. Opion B is incorrec because i focuses on Ederle s acions in he momens before (covering her body wih grease for insulaion) and during her swim (finding her sphere ), no her overall preparaion mehods. Opion C is incorrec because i refers o a pracice ha was employed o help Ederle keep her srokes in rhyhm during her swim. Opion D is incorrec because i does no refer o he series of seps ha Ederle ook o prepare for her swim bu raher o jus one of he effors made (improving equipmen) wihou acknowledging her siser s conribuions. 8. (G) he quesion asks how he senence from paragraph fis ino he overall srucure of he passage. Opion G is correc because i explains ha Ederle s awareness of anoher female swimmer preparing o make an aemp o swim he channel direcly influenced Ederle s decision o make her second aemp as quickly as possible. Ederle waned o be he firs woman o successfully swim across he channel. Opion E is incorrec because he passage does no provide informaion abou oher female swimmers who were inspired by Ederle o swim across he channel. Opion F is incorrec because, alhough Ederle did rehink her mehods beween her firs and second aemps, he senence does no show any sor of realizaion nor does i address her reasoning for rehinking her mehods. Opion H is incorrec because he senence is no relaed o Ederle s process for learning from her misakes. 9. (C) he quesion asks for he bes suppor for he idea ha Ederle s swim across he channel was successful because of her innovaive approach o he challenge. Opion C is correc because he senence from paragraph 5 explains ha Ederle employed a newly developed ype of sroke ha allowed her o mainain her pace hrough he rough waer. Opion A is incorrec because he senence from paragraph shows ha her performance was groundbreaking bu no necessarily creaive. Opion B is incorrec because he layers of grease primarily served o help mainain Ederle s body emperaure in he waer, and here is nohing in he passage o sugges ha his was an innovaive pracice. Opion D is incorrec because he senence from paragraph 6 simply saes ha Ederle fough agains he waves and compleed her swim, and i does no describe how Ederle employed innovaive echniques. 0. (G) he quesion asks abou he effec of he word insurmounable, which means incapable of being overcome, in paragraph. Opion G is correc because he sui Ederle wore during her firs aemp o swim he channel sreched ou, filling wih waer and creaing drag (paragraph ), which likely conribued o her failed aemp o swim across he channel. Opion E is incorrec; Ederle did no complee her firs swim because she became ill (paragraph : Jus six miles shor of finishing, she became ill, and her coach had o haul her ou of he waer. ), no because he sui made i impossible for Ederle o complee her swim. Opion F is incorrec because he auhor uses he word insurmounable o draw aenion o he increased difficuly caused by he swimsui, no o draw aenion o he sisers creaiviy in solving he problem. Opion H is incorrec because he passage does no address wheher he original swimsui was cusom made, simply ha he swimsui creaed addiional difficulies for Ederle in a siuaion ha was already difficul.. (D) he quesion asks how a problem-and-soluion srucure in paragraph 5 conribues o he ideas presened in he passage. Opion D is correc because he paragraph describes how he waer s emperaure made Ederle uncomforable and made i difficul for her o regulae her sroke. he paragraph coninues wih he explanaion of how she overcame hese issues by focusing her mind on he sea and uning ou he disracions in her surroundings (paragraph 5:... he sea became her only companion and he shrieks of gulls and he humming of boa engines faded away. ). Opion A is incorrec because he deails in paragraph 5 do no provide a connecion beween he cold emperaure of he waer and he effeciveness of Ederle s raining. Opion B is incorrec because he difficulies Ederle encounered were only parially relieved by her eam, and her eam s effors o ensure Ederle s safey is no explained in he 96

97 SAMPLE ES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form A passage. Opion C is incorrec because he paragraph does no focus on he relaionship beween he problems Ederle encounered a he sar of her swim and he problems she encounered during or near he end of her swim.. (H) he quesion asks for an explanaion of how paragraph 7 conribues o he developmen of a cenral idea of he passage. Paragraph 7 is mainly abou Ederle s physical and emoional sae as she pushed hrough a difficul porion of her swim and realized her goal was in sigh. A cenral idea of he passage is ha Ederle s passion and deerminaion allowed her o accomplish her goal of being he firs woman o cross he English Channel. Opion H is correc because i emphasizes her passion by referring o he overwhelming emoions Ederle fel as she progressed during her swim, despie he unfavorable condiions (paragraph 7: For hours Ederle swam, dodging debris wih an amused smile and Ye Ederle fel indescribably happy as she churned hrough he sea. ). Opion E is incorrec because, alhough Ederle needed physical srengh and menal foriude o complee he swim, he paragraph conribues o a cenral idea because i highlighs her emoion as she swam, no her physical srengh or menal foriude. Opion F is incorrec because he paragraph focuses on Ederle s emoional response o he challenging circumsances and no he idea ha Ederle was a he edge of her physical capabiliies. Opion G is incorrec because Ederle s feelings of happiness and amusemen were caused by her anicipaion and exciemen as she approached achieving her goal, no by he severe weaher.. (A) he quesion asks for an explanaion of how Ederle s successful swim across he channel affeced American aiudes. Opion A is correc because he passage indicaes ha here was a large increase in he number of American men and women who became physically acive and who obained swimming cerificaes shorly afer Ederle s swim (paragraph 9: Over he nex few years, more han 60,000 people credied her wih moivaing hem o earn heir American Red Cross swimming cerificaes. ). Opion B is incorrec because, alhough here was an increase in he number of people learning o swim, he passage does no provide deails abou people who were inspired by Ederle o ake on exreme challenges such as swimming across he channel. Opion C is incorrec because, alhough Ederle did, in fac, surpass he men s ime for he swim by wo hours, he passage does no provide informaion abou how his achievemen affeced he American people s percepion of he capabiliies of men and women. Opion D is incorrec because, alhough he passage does explain how Ederle s deerminaion and perseverance led o her evenual success, i does no demonsrae how his affeced American aiudes oward overcoming failures.. (H) he quesion asks for he senence from he passage ha bes conveys he auhor s perspecive abou he impac of Ederle s swim. Opion H is correc because, hroughou he passage, he auhor emphasizes ha Ederle s accomplishmen was memorable and grea, which is bes saed in he senence from paragraph 8. he senence presened in Opion E is incorrec because i focuses on Ederle s personal aribues ha allowed her o successfully complee her swim, no he auhor s perspecive abou he impac of her achievemen. he senence presened in Opion F is incorrec because he deails in he senence relae o Ederle s sae of mind as she came closer o achieving her goal and does no provide deails abou he auhor s opinion of he impac of Ederle s accomplishmen. he senence presened in Opion G is incorrec because i simply presens Ederle s emoional sae as she nears her goal and does no provide informaion abou he auhor s perspecive. 5. (A) he quesion asks for an explanaion of how he able a he end of he passage conribues o he developmen of he opic of he passage. he able provides informaion abou he earlies speed records se for crossing he channel, including Ederle s, and informaion abou presen-day records, which are much faser. Opion A is correc because he informaion in he able develops he opic of Ederle s hisoric swim across he channel by indicaing ha people have coninued o swim he channel and have found new ways o se speed records over ime. Opion B is incorrec because, even hough he able presens he ime for he curren female record holder, here is no indicaion in he passage or in he able ha he record holder was inspired by Ederle. Opion C is incorrec because he passage does no provide informaion abou oher female swimmers successful swims across he channel. Opion D is incorrec because, alhough he able allows for he comparison of imes, he opic of he passage is relaed o Ederle s record in comparison wih oher swimmers of her ime, no presen-day swimmers. Excerp from A ramp Abroad 6. (F) he quesion asks abou he phrase, which highlighs he behavior of ans from differen pars of he world, and abou wha he inclusion of he phrase shows abou he auhor. Opion F is correc because he 97

98 SAMPLE ES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form A phrase is mean o communicae a cauion ha while he auhor believes mos ans are foolish, his observaions in he excerp do no apply o all ypes of ans. Opion E is incorrec because, in he excerp, he auhor is comparing species of ans o one anoher and no o oher living creaures. Opion G is incorrec because he auhor never commens in he excerp ha challenging common or srongly held beliefs is, in general, difficul. Opion H is incorrec because he auhor never expresses in he excerp he idea ha he conclusions drawn abou he ans behavior are flawed; he reference o Swiss and African ans is mean o show ha hose ans are an excepion. 7. (A) he quesion asks how he cenral idea ha he average an is a sham (paragraph ) is expressed in he excerp. he excerp focuses on he auhor s humorous explanaion of he ineffecive sruggles of wo ans o accomplish a ask, and he excerp concludes wih he saemen ha ans are no as smar as people hink: he an has been able o fool so many naions (paragraph ). his poin is saed in Opion Opion B is incorrec because he reference o ans in oher locaions is a deail menioned only in paragraph and is no direcly relaed o he cenral idea menioned in he quesion. Opion C is incorrec because, while he narraor does observe he ans, he observaions made are highly opinionaed and no characerized as especially insighful or percepive. Opion D refers o he deail in paragraph ha saes ha he objecs ans seek ou are generally somehing which can be of no sor of use o himself or anybody else (paragraph ), bu his is no he main way he auhor conveys he premise ha ans are a sham or false, and herefore, Opion D is incorrec. 8. (H) he quesion asks for an explanaion of how he words grabs yanks, and earing away (paragraph ) conribue o he meaning of he excerp. Opion H is correc because hese words convey sudden movemens as he an becomes more upse in his effors o ranspor he grasshopper leg. Opion E is incorrec because he an is never described in he excerp as believing his work o be imporan. Opion F is incorrec because he an s inabiliy o make progress while ransporing he grasshopper leg by himself demonsraes he an s inefficiency (paragraph : A he end of half an hour he feches up wihin six inches of he place he sared from ). Opion H is incorrec because he an does no complee his asks despie moving in a hurried and deermined way (paragraph : no calmly and wisely, bu wih a franic hase which is waseful of his srengh ). 9. (C) he quesion asks for an explanaion of how he deails in he senence convey he cenral idea, which is ha he an makes poor choices because of his lack of inelligence and his inabiliy o undersand even he mos basic problem or obsacle. Opion C is correc because he auhor s descripion of he an climbing up and over he weed raher han simply going around he weed suppors he cenral idea. Opion A is incorrec because, alhough he an does wase much of his srengh, he idea conveyed in he senences is more relaed o he an s inabiliy o solve a problem in he simples way (paragraph : which is as brigh a hing o do as i would be for me o carry a sack of flour from Heidelberg o Paris by way of Srasburg seeple ). Opion B is incorrec because he idea ha he an is surprised by he amoun of effor needed o carry he objec is no a cenral idea of he excerp; nor does he excerp sugges ha he an is surprised by his in he firs place. Opion D is incorrec because he an has already acquired he objec, and he deails in he senence do no convey an idea abou he an s unnecessary effor. 0. (H) he quesion asks for he ex from he passage ha explains why he auhor finds he behavior of he ans fascinaing. he auhor s purpose in describing he excessively foolish acions of he ans is o prove his argumen ha in spie of wha people have long believed, ans are compleely lacking in inelligence. Opion H is correc because he quoed ex in Opion H shows he auhor s ineres in he difference beween public opinion and observed ruh. Opion E is incorrec because he quoed ex in Opion E provides deails ha reflec he auhor s basic ineres, bu his observaion does no exend o he level of fascinaion. Opion F is incorrec because he auhor s main message in he excerp is ha he an, however indusrious, is foolish. Opion G is incorrec because he quoed ex in Opion G also provides deails ha would reflec a basic ineres and observaion bu ha do no exend o fascinaion.. (B) he quesion asks how he senence, which saes ha he an ends up only six inches from his original saring poin, conribues o he cenral idea of he excerp. Opion B is correc because i explains how he idea in he senence suppors he cenral idea ha he average an is a sham (paragraph ) by emphasizing his lack of progress and wased effor. Opion A is incorrec because, while he auhor recognizes he poinlessness of he effors, he an never becomes aware ha his effors are purposeless. Opion C is incorrec because he an ending up only six inches from his saring poin suggess poinless effor, no an indusrious or producive aiude. Opion D is incorrec because he emphasis of 98

99 SAMPLE ES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form A he senence is on he an s wased effor, no he difficuly and ime involved, which he an never realizes or evaluaes.. (G) he quesion asks for a senence in he excerp ha suppors he idea ha he an s leaherheadedness (paragraph ), or he an s subborn deerminaion o engage in foolish and worhless acions, amouns o ignorance and idiocy. Opion G is correc because, in he senence in Opion G, he an realizes he is in he wrong place only afer wasing effor and srengh, which reveals his supidiy and lack of awareness. Opion E is incorrec because he senence in Opion E poses he quesion ha he an should ask himself and does no demonsrae he an s ignorance and idiocy. Opion F is incorrec because he senence in Opion F simply describes he an s acion of lifing he grasshopper leg ino a posiion o carry i. Opion H is incorrec because, while he senence in Opion H describes he an s exhausion, which is caused by his subborn deerminaion, he senence does no provide a connecion o he an s leaher-headedness.. (B) he quesion asks for an explanaion of how he senence, which highlighs he second an s ineres in he grasshopper leg, fis ino he srucure of he excerp. Opion B is correc because he senence shows a shif from paragraph, which analyzes he acions of he firs an alone, o paragraph, which commens on he conversaion beween he wo ans and he ensuing effors of he wo ans ogeher. Opion A is incorrec because he idea ha he an seeks ou worhless iems, such as a grasshopper leg, is esablished in paragraph ( i is generally somehing which can be of no sor of use o himself or anybody else ). Opion C is incorrec because paragraph is a coninuaion of he auhor s ale and no an expansion of he focus of his commenary. Opion D is incorrec because he auhor does no compare he purposefulness of he wo ans.. (E) he quesion asks for an explanaion of how he word choice in he senence adds o he meaning of he excerp. he image he auhor creaes of wo sweaing ans abandoning he grasshopper leg o look for an old nail, which an an would wan because i is valueless, is comical, as suggesed in Opion E. Opion F is incorrec because i is a misinerpreaion of he excerp, as he ans are no confused bu are acing decisively (paragraph : hen hey go a i again, jus as before ). Opion G is incorrec because he ans find moving heavy objecs o be an amusing way o spend heir ime and are no aware enough o feel frusraed (paragraph : somehing else ha is heavy enough o afford enerainmen and a he same ime valueless enough o make an an wan o own i ). Opion H is incorrec because he ans are willingly giving up on heir objec (paragraph : decide ha dried grasshopper legs are a poor sor of propery afer all ). 5. (C) he quesion asks how he second an, a friend, influences he firs an. Opion C is correc because he friend s complimenary remark abou he grasshopper leg serves o encourage he firs an o coninue his effors o drag he useless objec home (paragraph : Evidenly he friend remarks ha a las year s grasshopper leg is a very noble acquisiion ). Opion A is incorrec because he firs an does no know where his home is (paragraph : He doesn know where home is. His home may be only hree fee away; no maer, he can find i ). Opion B is incorrec because, while he friend offers o help he firs an (paragraph : Evidenly he friend conracs o help him freigh i home ), he does no inspire a new approach o resolving he siuaion. Opion D is incorrec because, while he friend does make i difficul for he firs an o ranspor he grasshopper leg, he friend is no inenionally rying o preven he firs an from reaching home (paragraph : hen, wih a judgmen peculiarly anic [pun no inenional], hey ake hold of opposie ends of ha grasshopper leg and begin o ug wih all heir migh in opposie direcions ). Ruins of a Fabled Ciy 6. (G) he quesion asks for he senence ha bes summarizes he cenral idea of he passage. he idea ha here was much speculaion abou Grea Zimbabwe is explained a he end of paragraph and in paragraph, and he deails abou how modern archaeologiss deermined is origins are explained in paragraph 5. Opion G bes represens he cenral idea ha is developed and suppored hroughou he passage. Opion E is incorrec because i does no fully express he cenral idea of he passage: i includes facs from only he beginning of he passage and does no ake ino accoun he discoveries revealed abou Grea Zimbabwe in paragraph 5. Opion F is incorrec because i focuses mainly on he idea ha archaeologiss are sill ineresed in he myseries of Grea Zimbabwe (paragraph 6) and does no fully explain he cenral idea. Opion H is incorrec because he fac ha early excavaions of Grea Zimbabwe caused he desrucion of valuable evidence is a deail from paragraph, and he opion does no fully convey he cenral idea of he passage. 99

100 SAMPLE ES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form A 7. (B) he quesion asks for an explanaion of how Mauch s conclusions influenced laer invesigaions. Opion B is he bes opion because Mauch s conclusion ha Grea Zimbabwe had been buil by he Queen of Sheba (paragraph ) affeced laer invesigaions of he ruins by causing archaeologiss o desroy evidence wihou examining i, as hey assumed ha Mauch s conclusions were accurae (paragraph ). Opion A is incorrec because, while archaeologiss were ineresed in he area, his was no he main effec of Mauch s conclusions, as described in he passage. Opion C is incorrec because people searched for Grea Zimbabwe because hey already believed he sories old by Arab raders and hisorians like de Barros (paragraph ), no because of Mauch s conclusions. Opion D is incorrec because, alhough he ciy was considered impressive (paragraph ), Mauch s conclusions did no influence wheher people believed an ancien culure could have buil he ciy. 8. (E) he quesion asks for he saemen ha bes summarizes he Poruguese explorers experience. Opion E is correc; he Poruguese repeaedly searched for King Solomon s gold, which hey associaed wih Eas Africa, bu hey never found he ciy (paragraph ). Opion F is incorrec because, while hey did hope o find a ciy, he explorers overall experience was focused on finding wealh. Opion G is incorrec because he informaion in paragraph does no suppor he idea ha he explorers used deails from de Barros s sory o find he ciy s locaion. Opion H is incorrec because he explorers heard sories abou he possible wealhy ciy, bu hey did no sudy hisory books in order o gaher informaion abou he ciy. 9. (D) he quesion asks for he specific conclusion ha was able o be drawn from he excavaions a Grea Zimbabwe. Opion D is he correc answer because paragraph 5 saes ha carbon- daing proved Randall-MacIver and Caon-hompson s conclusion ha Grea Zimbabwe was buil by ancesors of he Shona people during he foureenh or fifeenh cenury. Opion A is incorrec because he mysery behind why he selemen was abandoned has no been solved. Opion B is incorrec because he disappearance of he ciy s ivory and gold is a mysery ha has no been solved. Opion C is incorrec because he reason ha Europeans did no discover Grea Zimbabwe unil he 870s has no been explained. 0. (F) he quesion asks for he bes suppored evidence he passage provides abou he Shona people. he Shona people are discussed in paragraph 5, where i is explained ha Grea Zimbabwe was discovered o have been buil by he ancien ancesors of he Shona people, making Opion F correc. Opion E is incorrec because he ancien Shona people lived in he African inerior, no on he coas, and he passage does no give specific deails abou where he Shona people live presenly. Opion G is incorrec because he passage does no give a deailed hisory abou he origins and locaions of he Shona people in Africa. Opion H is incorrec because, while early explorers were looking for King Solomon s gold and evidence of he Queen of Sheba in Africa, he Shona people were no found o be linked o hese people.. (D) he quesion asks for he impac of Randall- MacIver and Caon-hompson s discovery. David Randall-MacIver and Gerrude Caon-hompson s conclusions were significan because heir excavaion of he ruins revealed ha Grea Zimbabwe was mos cerainly buil by he ancesors of modern-day Africans (paragraph 5), discrediing he long-sanding idea ha he srucure was Middle Easern in origin. his conclusion is saed in Opion Opion A is incorrec because paragraph 5 saes ha Randall-MacIver and Caon-hompson deermined ha he ciy was likely buil in he foureenh or fifeenh cenury, which was laer han earlier explorers had assumed. Opion B is incorrec because he quesion of why he grea ciy was abandoned was no par of Randall-MacIver and Caon- hompson s discovery. Opion C is incorrec because, while paragraph 5 also indicaes ha he Shona sociey was srong and healhy, his idea was no he main focus of Randall-MacIver and Caon-hompson s discovery. Cross-Purposes. (E) he quesion asks how he similariy in he consrucion of lines and 8 conribue o he meaning of he poem. By beginning lines and 8 wih Wha I am is, each speaker esablishes is defining feaure, boh of which are saed in Opion E. Opion F is incorrec because he focus of he lines is defining he speakers individualiy, no how one speaker resolves a problem creaed by he oher. Opion G is incorrec because he srucure is no saing in line ha i is limied because i was buil o sand in place; on he conrary, he srucure is saing ha his sense of purpose and permanence is is srengh. Opion H is incorrec because, in hese lines, each speaker is rying o esablish is sabiliy, which for he srucure is based on srengh and for he waer is based on longeviy. 00

101 SAMPLE ES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form A. (B) he quesion asks how he lines conribue o he developmen of a cenral idea in he poem. he lines I am wha every ahlee / wans (lines ) and I am he blood flowing in he runner's ches (line ) communicae ha each speaker is an objec of admiraion and a powerful force, so Opion B is correc. Opion A is incorrec because nohing in he language of he lines communicaes conrol. Opion C is incorrec because he lines describe opposing characerisics: he srucure s descripion conveys sillness remaining up in he air (line ) while he waer s descripion conveys movemen flowing in he runner s ches (line ). Addiionally, he idea ha he speakers fail o recognize similariies is no par of a cenral idea. Opion D is incorrec because here is no evidence in he poem ha he wo speakers undersand ha hey are inerrelaed.. (E) he quesion asks how he line conribues o he developmen of ideas in he sanza. he line menions swallows and ospreys, birds ha use he srucure s russes as heir home; his reference suppors he claim ha he srucure is beneficial o naure, so Opion E is correc. Opion F is incorrec because he line doesn hin a jealousy in he one or language, bu raher he line is promoing he srucure s helpful characerisic. Opion G is incorrec because, in he line, he srucure is no making a comparison wih he waer. Opion H is incorrec because, in he line, he srucure is no implying ha i is relaed o naure bu raher ha i is helpful o naure. 5. (C) he quesion asks for he impac ha he phrases have on he meaning of he poem. he phrases some ears dribbling and running down (lines 8 9) imply weakness in form and being influenced by he landscape, making Opion C correc. Opion A is incorrec because, while he lines do describe he waer in populaed areas, hey do no describe he waer as a problem for he people living here. Opion B is incorrec because he lines do more han bring aenion o differen ypes of waer; he lines make a judgmen abou he srengh and imporance of he waer. Opion D is incorrec because a comparison is no made based on he volume of waer sreaming from he mounains and he volume of waer in he seas. 6. (H) he quesion asks wha he comparison in lines 5 shows abou he srucure of he poem. he speaker saes, We are seel hread o he human needle (line ), which illusraes ha he srucure (and ohers like i) is a ool used by humans o bind... up (line 5) or overcome he rip (line ) ha he waer creaes in he earh, making Opion H correc. Opion E is incorrec because he language in he lines is used only o imply he flaw ha he waer creaes he rip you make (line ). Opion F is incorrec because, while he waer saes ha i enables empires o rise (lines 5), implying ha i is needed for sociey o hrive, i never shares a purpose of bringing people ogeher hrough is exisence. Opion G is incorrec because he language used for sewing ( We sich across he rip you make [line ]) indicaes he repair of a flaw and no he esablishmen of boundaries.) 7. (D) he quesion asks how he las sanza conveys a cenral idea of he poem. In lines 6 8, he speaker (he waer) describes how is vapors cling o he srucure, bringing ou he srucure s sofness and rus, hus desroying he srucure over ime. Also, in line, he speaker says i is paien and will wai for you, suggesing ha he speaker will be around afer he srucure is gone. hese phrases in he las sanza indicae ha Opion D is correc. Opion A is incorrec because he las sanza includes no indicaion ha he srucure and he waer depend on each oher. Opion B is incorrec because he las sanza refers o he opposing speaker (he srucure) and no o any oher srucure. Opion C is incorrec because he las sanza addresses only he idea ha he srucure will grow weak and obsolee over ime. 8. (E) he quesion asks how he implicaion in lines is suppored by oher lines in he poem. he words paien and wai in line sugges ha he speaker (he waer) has he abiliy o oulas he oher speaker because he waer doesn weaken as i ages, making Opion E (lines 8 9) he correc response. Opion F is incorrec because he promise made in line is no affeced by wheher he waer was buil by humans (lines 9 0). Opion G is incorrec because, in line, he waer s abiliy o wai longer han he srucure is no enhanced by wha flows hrough he waer. Opion H is incorrec because, in line 6, he waer s knowledge does no make is abiliy o wai any sronger raher, is seemingly unending lifespan does. 9. (D) he quesion asks how he poe develops he wo poins of view. he poe develops he wo 0

102 SAMPLE ES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form A speakers poins of view by personifying (giving human characerisics o somehing nonhuman, such as an objec or animal) he srucure and he waer, allowing hem o debae by criicizing each oher and declaring heir own imporance. hus, Opion D is correc. Opion A is incorrec because fuure civilizaions do no play a significan role in he developmen of poins of view. Opion B is incorrec because, while he speakers do discuss heir impac on he environmen, here is no narraor speaking for hem. Opion C is incorrec because hese deails do no convey poins of view. 50. (G) he quesion asks how he form of he poem conribues o is meaning. he alernaing posiions of he sanzas creae he appearance of a conversaion in which he speakers share heir opposing poins of view, making Opion G correc. Opion E is incorrec because he number of lines for each sanza does no emphasize he imporance of he wo speakers. Opion F is incorrec because ialics are used mainly o designae he voice of he second speaker (he waer). Opion H is incorrec because he lack of rhyme scheme or meer is inended o creae a conversaional one, raher han reflec he changes he waer causes or experiences. A Year wihou a Summer 5. (B) he quesion asks for he bes summary senence for he passage. he passage is mosly abou he srange, cold summer of 86 and speculaion around is cause, which is bes saed in Opion Opion A is incorrec because i is a deail in paragraph abou one heory regarding he cause of he weaher. Opion C is incorrec because he passage is abou more han agriculure in New England (paragraphs and ). Opion D is incorrec because i is a deail in he passage menioned only in paragraph. 5. (E) he quesion asks for he senence ha provides he bes reason for he farmers replaning heir crops. Paragraph saes ha farmers prepared o plow and plan because hey expeced warm emperaures and were opimisic. his suggess ha he farmers kep replaning heir crops because hey expeced he weaher o reurn o normal, which is refleced in Opion E. Opion F is incorrec because he cold weaher and he snow acually worsened growing condiions (paragraph ). Opion G is incorrec because, while July and Augus brough lile improvemen (paragraph ), i is hroughou he monh of June ha farmers replaned crops. Opion H is incorrec because, while he farmers kep replaning heir crops wih he expecaion of normal weaher o reurn, he passage does no sae ha was because he farmers hough he snow would provide moisure. 5. (C) he quesion asks for he oucome ha is bes implied by he siuaion he New Englanders faced in 86. Opion C is he correc answer because, wih many crops suned or desroyed (paragraph ) in he summer of 86, one would expec food shorages he following winer. Opion A is incorrec because cold weaher was familiar o he populaion in New England, jus no for such an exended period of ime. Opion B is incorrec because here is no evidence in he passage ha people experienced warmer emperaures. Opion D is incorrec because, alhough some famers did replan heir crops, here is no evidence in he passage ha hey sruggled o adjus o a differen imeline for farming. 5. (F) he quesion asks for he purpose and imporance of paragraph o he passage. Paragraph describes how nineeenh-cenury religious and oher leaders ried o accoun for he cooler weaher in 86. Some leaders hough i was he end of he world, sunspo aciviy, or he proliferaion of a new invenion. How his informaion conribued o he passage is saed in Opion F. Opion E is incorrec because he causes described in paragraph were no he mos probable cause, as he firs plausible explanaion Bessel s is described laer in he passage. Opion G is incorrec because more han one heory is presened in paragraph. Opion H is incorrec because he ideas described are no included in paragraph. 55. (B) he quesion asks why he deails abou he erupion of Moun ambora are included in he passage. he deails in paragraph abou he erupion highligh he severiy of he erupion and how i clouded he amosphere and evenually encircled he world, making Opion B he correc answer. Opion A is incorrec because he passage does no suppor he idea ha he effecs are sill presen oday. Opion C is incorrec because he deails may include informaion abou wha happens during an erupion, bu he auhor is specifically describing he even a Moun ambora as he incepion of weaher issues all over he world. Opion D is incorrec because, while i is possible ha people perceive naural evens in various pars of he world differenly, he specific deails abou he force and magniude of he erupion do no emphasize his idea. 56. (H) he quesion asks for he implied meaning behind he phrase he global naure of weaher 0

103 SAMPLE ES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form A (paragraph 5). his phrase refers o how condiions in one par of he world can affec weaher in anoher par of he world. Opion H is correc because i clarifies global by explaining he relaionship beween weaher and condiions all over he world. Opion E is incorrec because he phrase in paragraph 5 is abou he effecs of weaher condiions around he world, no abou making weaher predicions. Opion F is incorrec because i discusses he lasing impac on specific geographical areas, while he phrase he global naure of weaher refers o evens ha affec he enire world. Opion G is incorrec because, while weaher evens (he unusually cold summer in New England in 86) can be relaed o naural disasers (a volcano erupion), here is no suppor in he passage for he idea ha naural disasers end o occur a he same ime. 57. (D) he quesion asks for he likely cause of he cold summer of 86, based on he reason given in he passage. Researchers oday believe ha Bessel s heory ha dus paricles screened porions of Earh from he warming rays of he sun is he mos logical and probable (paragraph 5). His ideas are summarized in paragraph, and Opion D resaes his heory, making Opion D he correc answer. Opion A is incorrec because his was a possibiliy considered by some leaders, bu here is no evidence in he passage ha his heory was suppored by horough scienific research. Opion B is incorrec because his heory was hough o be a possible cause by some people, bu Bessel s heory is he mos probable. Opion C explains damage ha was caused by he Moun Pinaubo erupion in 99 (paragraph ), bu ha damage is no he cause of he cold summer of 86. 0

104 SAMPLE ES MAHEMAICS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS FORM AA 58. (6) Firs, find he measure of angle PQR. he measure of angle PQR is equal o he measure of angle PSR. m PSR = 80 7 = 08. So, he measure of angle PQR is also x = x = 60 x = (99) Le x be he number of oak rees when 6 pine rees are planed. Se up a proporion and solve for x: x = 6 8 8x = 76 x = ( ) w = w 8 w = 8 w = 6. (5) Le x = number of sudens wih only cas as pes. Le y = number of sudens wih only dogs as pes. Calculae x and y using he given informaion: here are 0 sudens who have cas, and of hose 0 sudens, have boh cas and dogs. hus, x = 0 = 7. here are sudens who have dogs, and of hose sudens, have boh cas and dogs. hus y = = 0. o find he oal number of sudens surveyed, add he number of sudens who only have cas (x), he number of sudens who only have dogs (y), he number of sudens who have boh (), and he number of sudens who have neiher (5): x + y = = 5 6. (6) If x is he smaller consecuive ineger, hen x + is he larger consecuive ineger. Use heir sum ( 5) o find x: x + ( x + ) = 5 x + = 5 x = 6 x = 8 he wo consecuive inegers are 8 and 7. One is added o he smaller ineger: 8 + = 7, and is subraced from he larger ineger: 7 = 9. Find he produc: 7 9 = (B) k m so k m. Subsiue each value of m o find he values of k: k = 5 = 8 = k = 7 = 0 = 5 k = 9 = = 6 he se k is {, 5, 6 }. 6. (F) 7 + n + 6 n 8 = ( ) + ( n n) = 5 n 65. (A) he sum of Adrianna s course grades equals imes he mean (average) of her grades: 90 = 60. Robero has he same sum (60) as Adrianna. Find he mean of his course grades: 60 5 = 7 0

105 SAMPLE ES MAHEMAICS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form A 66. (H) Se up some equaions. Jenny (J) has wice as many marbles as Keiko (K): J = K Jenny gives Keiko 5 marbles, so now hey each have: J 5 and K + 5 marbles. Jenny sill has 0 more han Keiko: J 5 = ( K + 5) + 0 o find how many marbles Jenny had o sar wih, solve J = K for K and subsiue ha ino he second equaion: In equaion J = Subsiue J K, solve for K: K in for K. J 5 = ( K + 5) + 0 J 5 = J ( + 5) + 0 J 5 = J + 5 J = J + 0 J = 0 J = 0 marbles = J. 67. (A) Le x be he number of inches represening foo. Se up a proporion and solve for x: x = x = 0.00 in. 68. (G) Firs, add he percenage of cars conaining people, people, and 5 or more people: 5% + 7% + % = 5% hus, 5% of he cars conained a leas people, so use ha o calculae he number of cars: 69. (B) Line segmen RS is he aliude, or heigh, of riangle QRP. he lengh of QP is 8 cm. Use ha informaion o find he area of riangle QRP: A = bh = ( 8)( 6) = sq cm. here are congruen riangles in he pyramid, so he surface area is = 96sqcm. 70. (F) Le x = he widh and x = he lengh. Draw he recangle o help visualize. x x x Since imes widh + imes lengh = perimeer, we ge ( x) + ( x) = 50 x + 6x = 50 0x = 50 x = 5 x = 0 cm and x = 5 cm 7. (D) Muliply each erm by o eliminae he fracion, and isolae x: ( ) < x < 8 < x < ( ) ( ) ( ) x herefore, x mus be beween 8 and = 05 cars. 05

106 SAMPLE ES MAHEMAICS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form A 7. (F) Use proporions o make he conversions: Lorgs o dollars: 0 = 7 x 7x = 0 x = $0 Dals o dollars: 6 = 0.5 x 0.5x = 6 x = $ oal dollars = 0 + = $5 7. (B) Le x be he oal number of colored pencils in he box. Se up a proporion o find x: 7 = 6 x x = x = If here are 6 red pencils, hen he number of pencils ha are no read is 6 = (H) Since boh raios have y in common, solve for x and z in erms of y in boh equaions. Using xy : = :, solve for x in erms of y. x y = x = y Using he raio yz : = :5, solve for z in erms of y: y z = z = 5 5 y he quesion saes x + y + z = 50. Subsiue from he wo equaions above and solve for y. 0 y + y + 5 y = 50 y = 50 0y = 00 y = (B) he shaded region is a righ riangle. Each leg is uni in lengh. So he area is A = bh = ()() = or 0.5sq uni 76. (F) Creae a able wih he informaion provided in he problem and use subracion o fill in he res of he able: Commues o work Does no commue o work Female Male OAL % 9% 60% (60 ) % (5 ) 6% (0 ) 0% (00 60) OAL 5% 00% 6% of he populaion is male and does no commue o work. 06

107 SAMPLE ES MAHEMAICS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form A 77. (A) Le x be he price per pound for he mea. Se up an equaion o show wha Mrs. Cranson spen: ( )+ 8x = x = x =.0 x =.80 he price per pound for he mea is $ (E) he probabiliy ha boh cards are no blue is he same as he probabiliy ha boh cards are red. here are red cards ou of he 0, so he probabiliy of he firs card being red is. Now here are 9 cards lef, 0 and of hose are red, so he probabiliy of he second card being red is 9. Muliply he wo probabiliies o find he probabiliy ha boh cards are red (no blue): 0 = = (D) sind = lorgs, so sind > lorg. harps = 5sinds, soharp > sind. plunk = harps, soplunk > harp, meaning ha plunk > sind and lorg. plunks = 5 dals, so plunk > dal. herefore, he plunk is he mos valuable. 80. (G) For each row, muliply he number of sudens by he score. hen add hose ogeher and divide by he oal number of sudens o find he mean (average) of he 0 sudens = 770 = 77 0 ( ) ( ) ( ) = (B) According o he char, % of people walk o work and % ride a bicycle. Subrac o find he percenage of how many more people walk han bicycle: % % = 8% o find he exac number of people, muliply 8% (0.8) by he number of people working in Cener Ciy (5,000): 5, =, (F) o find he smalles facor of 9, lis he facors:, 7,, and 9. he smalles facor (oher han ) is 7. Of he opions lised (0, 5, 9, and ), only 5 is a muliple of (D) Le x be he remaining side of he acual banner. Se up a proporion: x = 6 6 x = 8 f 8. (F) Le x be he number of second-, hird-, and fourh-year sudens. hen he oal number of sudens in he college is 66 + x. Se up a proporion and solve for x: 5 = 66+ x x = x =,685 x =,0 ( ) 85. (D) Conver all he fracions o a common denominaor (0): = ( ) = + = ( ) 07

108 SAMPLE ES MAHEMAICS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form A 86. (F) Divide he rae by he number of seconds in an hour. (Since here are 60 minues in an hour and 60 seconds in a minue, muliply =,600 seconds in an hour): 55,600 miles per second Muliply by he number of fee in a mile (5,80): 55 5,80,600 fee per second 87. (D) Firs, se up an equaion o express ien s age () and Jordan s age (J) oday: = J wo years from now, ien s age will be +, and Jordan s age will be J +. Se up an equaion abou he relaionship beween ien s age and Jordan s age in wo years: + = ( J + ) Solve he above equaion for : = ( J + ) Now se he wo equaions equal o each oher and solve for J: J = J + ( ) J = J J = J = ( ) J = (E) Lis he facors of 8: and 8, and, and 6, and, 6 and 8 here are no facors greaer han and less han (C) he firs ineger is l, so he second is l +, he hird is l +, hen l +, and finally l +. Since g is he fifh and greaes of he inegers, g = l +. Subsiue l + for g and simplify: l+ g = l++ l = l+ = l (H) hree years is 6 monhs ( ). Se up an expression o find he oal amoun Johan paid:, (6) = $, (B) Creae a lis of he possible pairs. Le he cookies be named A, B, C, D, E, and F. AB, AC, AD, AE, AF BC, BD, BE, BF CD, CE, CF DE, DF EF here are a oal of 5 possible pairs of cookies ha Aiden can choose. 9. (G) Se up proporions o figure ou how many slides Deion and Kyra can creae in hour: Deion 5 = x x = 00 x = 5 Deion can creae 5 slides in hour. Kyra = x x = 80 x = 8 Kyra can creae 8 slides in hour. Add Deion and Kyra o figure ou how many slides hey can creae ogeher in hour: =. 08

109 SAMPLE ES MAHEMAICS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form A 9. (C) Since LN = 8, poin N is locaed a 5 + = So M mus be beween poin L, 5, and poin N, Poin L can also be wrien as.5, and poin N can be wrien as.75. he only opion given ha lies beween hose wo poins is (G) he lengh of he sick mus be he greaes common facor of 7 and 0. he facors of 0 are,,, 5, 6, 0, 5, and 0. Of hose, only,,, and 6 are also facors of 7. he greaes of hese is (B) Ryan has 0 pages lef o read (50 0). He read 0 pages in 0 minues, which means he read a a rae of 0 pages per hour. o find ou how much longer i will ake him o finish he assignmen, divide he oal number of pages remaining (0) by he number of pages he is able o read per hour (0): 0 0 = 96. (G) I is easier o rewrie M N hey are boh fracions. M N w y = = w z = x z x y as M N since wz xy 97. (B) he quesion asks for inegers from o 0 ha are no divisible by or. he se of consecuive inegers is {,,, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0,,,,, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0}. Since all even numbers are divisible by, eliminae all even numbers, leaving he odd numbers in he se: {, 5, 7, 9,,, 5, 7, 9}. Eliminae hose inegers ha are muliples of (5,, and 7). he remaining inegers are: {, 7, 9,, 5, 9}. herefore, here are 6 numbers in he se ha are muliples of neiher nor. 98. (G) ake each ciy s number of schools and muliply by he number of sudens. I is no necessary o calculae all 5 of hese. Ciies M and N have he same number of sudens, so jus calculae he number of sudens in Ciy M because i has more schools han Ciy N. he same goes for Q and R only Q needs o be calculaed because i has more schools han R. M = =,000 P = 9 00 =,600 Q = =, 00 Ciy Q has he greaes number of sudens. 99. (C) he oal number of candies in he box is = 0. he number of candies ha are no banana is 5 + = 7. he probabiliy of he firs candy no being banana is 7. Now, ou of 9 candies, here 0 are 6 candies lef ha are no banana. he probabiliy of he second candy no being banana is. 6. Muliply hese wo 9 probabiliies o ge he soluion: = =

110 SAMPLE ES MAHEMAICS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form A 00. (H) Solve he equaion for z: w x = y z wz = xy z = xy w 0. (C) Conver he raios ino fracions of WZ. Use he sum of he raios for he denominaor. WX:XY:YZ = :: WX = = + + XY = = he par of WZ ha is WY is he sum of hose fracions: WY = + = 6 = Find he lengh of WZ: WZ = 8 ( 0) = 8 he value of WY is 8. ( ) = 0. (G) Find % of 0.0: 0.0 = he greaes allowable hickness would be = 0.00 inch. 0. (D) Firs, calculae he highes score for each secion by adding he lowes score o he range: Secion I: = 9 Secion II: = 87 Secion III: 67 + = 89 he overall highes score is 9, and he overall lowes score is 6. hus he overall range is 9 6 =. 05. (D) here are 6 digis in he repeaing decimal (7690), so 7 would be he firs, sevenh, hireenh digi and so on. o find he 9s digi, divide 9 by = 65R Since he remainder is, ha means he 9s digi is he same as he s digi, which is (E) One revoluion is equal o he circumference of he ire: C = πr = = 7 ( )( ) 7 f he car ravels a,00 f per minue. o calculae he number of revoluions, divide he speed by he circumference:,00 =,00 7 = 700 revoluions (D) 00( + 0.) 00 = 00(. ) 00 = 00(.) 00 = 00 = 08. (G) he oal number of handballs in he conainer is = 7. Since here are 8 yellow handballs, he probabiliy of selecing a yellow handball is (A) Each chair coss Leon $50 o make, and he sells he chair for $75. His profi is found by subracing he cos from he price: $75 $50 = $5 per chair If Leon makes and sells 5 chairs in a week, his iniial profi is 5 $5 = $,5. However, Leon has addiional fixed expenses of $,50 per week, so his cos mus also be subraced o arrive a he profi. His final profi is $,5 $, 50 = $, (F) Since n is even, hen n + mus be odd. hus n + and n + 5 are also odd. So here are a oal of numbers in his range ha are odd. 0

111 SAMPLE ES MAHEMAICS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form A 0. (H) Conver f 7 in. o inches. Since in. = f : () + 7 = 55 inches Muliply ha by he conversion 5 cm = in = 9.70 cm. (C) Firs, use JK = o find he locaion of J: J = 8 J = = 8 8 Now, use JM = 9 o find he locaion of M: ( ) M = 9 8 M + = 9 8 M = 9 = Finally, use LM = o find he locaion of 8 L: 6 5 L = 8 8 L = 6 5 = 5 = (G) x y = x = y + x = y + x = y +. (A) Firs, deermine he oal number of servings of fruis and vegeables ha he sudens ae by muliplying he number of servings by he number of sudens in each row of he able. hen add ha column o ge he oal number of servings: Number of Servings of Fruis and Vegeables Number of Sudens Number of Servings Number of Sudens oal: 0 Calculae he mean by dividing he oal number of servings of fruis and vegeables by he oal number of sudens: 0 0 =. (G) he raio is :::, so he oal pars is 0. Since here are wo pars resin, he fracion of resin is 0 = 5. So he amoun of resin in 0 lb of pase (for billboard) is 5 ha would be 6 = lb. 0 = 6lb. For billboards,

112 SAMPLE ES MAHEMAICS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form A Answer Key for Sample Form A. D. G. A. G 5. B 6. H 7. D 8. G 9. B 0. H. D. F. C. H 5. C 6. H 7. A 8. G 9. C 0. G. D. H. A. H 5. A 6. F 7. A 8. H 9. C 0. H. B. G. B. E 5. C 6. G 7. B 8. E 9. D 0. F. D. E. B. E 5. C 6. H 7. D 8. E 9. D 50. G 5. B 5. E 5. C 5. F 55. B 56. H 57. D B 6. F 65. A 66. H 67. A 68. G 69. B 70. F 7. D 7. F 7. B 7. H 75. B 76. F 77. A 78. E 79. D 80. G 8. B 8. F 8. D 8. F 85. D 86. F 87. D 88. E 89. C 90. H 9. B 9. G 9. C 9. G 95. B 96. G 97. B 98. G 99. C 00. H 0. C 0. G 0. D 0. F 05. D 06. E 07. D 08. G 09. A 0. H. C. G. A. G

113

114 GRADE 8 B NEW YORK CIY PUBLIC SCHOOLS 08 Specialized High Schools ADMISSIONS ES GENERAL DIRECIONS Idenifying Informaion urn o Side of he answer shee. Line says, I am well enough o ake his es and complee i. I undersand ha once I break he seal of he es bookle, I may no be eligible for a make-up es. I am a New York Ciy residen and a Grade 8 suden aking a Grade 8 es. I undersand ha a suden who is no a New York Ciy residen, who akes he es more han once in a given school year, or who akes he es a he wrong grade level will be disqualified from accepance o any of he specialized high schools. Sign your name in he space following he word signaure. Do no prin your name. Noify he procor immediaely if you are ill or should no be aking his es. Do no sign he saemen or begin he es. Reurn your answer shee o he procor. On Line, prin oday s dae, using he numbers of he monh, he day, and he year. On Line, prin your birh dae wih he number of he monh firs, hen he number of he day, hen he las wo digis of he year. For example, a birh dae of March, 00, would be --0. In Grid, prin he leers of your firs name, or as many as will fi, in he boxes. Wrie your name exacly as you did on he applicaion. If you have a middle iniial, prin i in he box labeled MI. hen prin he leers of your las name, or as much as will fi, in he boxes provided. Below each box, fill in he circle ha conains he same leer as he box. If here is a space or a hyphen in your name, fill in he circle under he appropriae blank or hyphen. Make dark marks ha compleely fill he circles. If you change a mark, be sure o erase he firs mark compleely. Grid 5 is for your choice of specialized high schools. If Grid 5 is no marked correcly, your admission o a specialized high school will be affeced because your admission is based on he score you achieve and he order in which you rank your school preferences in his grid. he school choices indicaed on your answer shee are final. herefore, carefully copy he order in which you ranked he schools on your es icke ono Grid 5. Fill in one and only one circle for each school for which you wish o be considered. You may make as few as one or as many as eigh choices. o increase your chances of being assigned o one of he specialized high schools, you are encouraged o make more han one choice. You mus fill in a firs choice school. Do no fill in a school more han once. Do no fill in he same school for each choice. Fill in only one circle in a row and only one circle in a column. Grid 6 asks for your dae of birh. Prin he firs hree leers of he monh in he firs box, he number of he day in he nex box, and he year in he las box. hen fill in he corresponding circles. In Grid 7:. Prin he name of he school where you are now enrolled in he space a he op of he grid.. In he boxes marked SCHOOL CODE, prin he sixdigi code ha idenifies your school and fill in he circle under he corresponding number or leer for each digi of he school code. (You can find your school code on your es icke. If i is no here, ell he procor, and he procor will ge he school code for you.). If you aend a privae or parochial school, fill in he circle marked P. Grid 8 is labeled SUDEN ID NUMBER. All esakers should prin heir suden ID number in Grid 8. he suden ID number is found on your es icke. In he boxes, prin your nine-digi suden ID number. Below each box, fill in he circle conaining he same number as in he box. DO NO OPEN HIS BOOKLE UNIL YOU ARE OLD O DO SO URN YOUR BOOKLE OVER O HE BACK COVER Form B CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

115 Idenifying Informaion, coninued GENERAL DIRECIONS, coninued Grid 9 is labeled BOOKLE LEER AND NUMBER. In mos cases, Grid 9 is already filled in for you. If i is no, copy he leer and numbers shown in he upper-righ corner of your es bookle ino he boxes. Below each box, fill in he circle conaining he same leer or number as he box. Now review Side o make sure you have compleed all lines and grids correcly. Review each column o see ha he filled-in circles correspond o he leers or numbers in he boxes above hem. urn your answer shee o Side. Prin your es bookle leer and numbers, and your name, firs name firs, in he spaces provided. Marking Your Answers Mark each of your answers on he answer shee in he row of circles corresponding o he quesion number prined in he es bookle. Use only a Number pencil. If you change an answer, be sure o erase i compleely. Be careful o avoid making any sray pencil marks on your answer shee. Each quesion has only one correc answer. If you mark more han one circle in any answer row, ha quesion will be scored as incorrec. See he example of correc and incorrec answer marks below. SAMPLE ANSWER MARKS A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D RIGH WRONG WRONG WRONG WRONG You can use your es bookle or he provided scrap paper o ake noes or solve quesions; however your answers mus be recorded on he answer shee in order o be couned. You will no be able o mark your answers on he answer shee afer ime is up, and answers lef in he es bookle will no be scored. DO NO MAKE ANY MARKS ON YOUR ANSWER SHEE OHER HAN FILLING IN YOUR ANSWER CHOICES. Planning Your ime You have 80 minues o complee he enire es. How you allo he ime beween he English Language Ars and Mahemaics secions is up o you. If you begin wih he English Language Ars secion, you may go on o he Mahemaics secion as soon as you are ready. Likewise, if you begin wih he Mahemaics secion, you may go on o he English Language Ars secion as soon as you are ready. If you complee he es before he alloed ime (80 minues) is over, you may go back o review quesions in eiher secion. Be sure o read he direcions for each secion carefully. Each quesion has only one correc answer. Choose he bes answer for each quesion. When you finish a quesion, go on o he nex, unil you have compleed he las quesion. Your score is deermined by he number of quesions you answer correcly. Answer every quesion, even if you may no be cerain which answer is correc. Don spend oo much ime on a difficul quesion. Come back o i laer if you have ime. If ime remains, you should check your answers. Sudens mus say for he enire es session. DO NO OPEN HIS BOOKLE UNIL YOU ARE OLD O DO SO B NYC0000 Copyrigh 08 Pearson. All righs reserved. No par of his documen may be copied, reproduced, modified, or ransmied by any means, elecronic or mechanical A B C D E Prined in he USA ISD760 Form B 5 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

116 SAMPLE ES, FORM PAR ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS 57 QUESIONS B REVISING/EDIING QUESIONS 9 IMPORAN NOE he Revising/Ediing secion (Quesions -9) is in wo pars: Par A and Par REVISING/EDIING Par A DIRECIONS: Read and answer he following quesions. You will be asked o recognize and correc errors so ha he senences or shor paragraphs follow he convenions of sandard wrien English. You may wrie in your es bookle as needed o ake noes. You should re-read relevan pars of he senences or paragraphs before marking he bes answer for each quesion.. Read his senence. he Colosseum in Rome, Ialy which is considered one of he new Seven Wonders of he World, is he larges amphiheaer ever buil and could hold more han 50,000 specaors. Which edi should be made o correc he senence? Delee he comma afer Rome. Inser a comma afer Ialy. Delee he comma afer World. Inser a comma afer buil. Form B 6 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

117 . Read his paragraph. In Sepember 06 he Naional Museum of African American Hisory and Culure opened as par of he Smihsonian Insiuion, he museum is already he Smihsonian s hird mos popular sie. Expers say ha hey expec his newes Smihsonian faciliy o welcome nearly million visiors a year. he museum feaures more han 0,000 objecs, including Muhammad Ali s boxing gloves and a dress sewn by Rosa Parks. A commemoraive copy of he Emancipaion Proclamaion, wrien in 86 during he presidency of Abraham Lincoln, is also on display a he museum. Which revision correcs he error in senence srucure in he paragraph? E. F. G. H. Insiuion, and he year, and he objecs, which include Proclamaion, which was wrien. Read his senence. o promoe heir club, a bake sale will be sponsored by members of he debae eam on Wednesday. How should he senence be revised? o promoe heir club, on Wednesday a bake sale will be sponsored by members of he debae eam. On Wednesday o promoe heir club, a bake sale will be sponsored by members of he debae eam. o promoe heir club, members of he debae eam will sponsor a bake sale on Wednesday. Members of he debae eam, on Wednesday o promoe heir club, will sponsor a bake sale. Form B 7 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

118 . Read his paragraph. () Devon spen several hours preparing for an upcoming audiion for a play a he communiy heaer. () Firs he did vocal exercises o pracice his dicion and projecion so ha his words would carry clearly hroughou he large audiorium. () hen he sudies he ex of he monologue o beer undersand he emoions, and moivaions of he characer he plans o porray. () Finally he recied his monologue in fron of a mirror many imes, making sligh adjusmens and improvemens o his performance each ime. How should he paragraph be revised? E. Senence : Change spen o had spen, AND inser a comma afer play. F. Senence : Change did o does, AND inser a comma afer projecion. G. Senence : Change sudies o sudied, AND delee he comma afer emoions. H. Senence : Change recied o recies, AND delee he comma afer imes. Form B 8 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

119 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE c Form B 9 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

120 REVISING/EDIING Par B DIRECIONS: Read he ex below and answer he quesions following i. You will be asked o improve he wriing qualiy of he ex and o correc errors so ha he ex follows he convenions of sandard wrien English. You should re-read relevan pars of he ex before marking he bes answer for each quesion. he Local Library () According o a 05 survey, more han wo-hirds of Americans own a smarphone, which means ha obaining informaion or communicaing wih people is easier han ever before. () Wih he swipe of a finger, he ap of an icon, or a verbal command, people have insan access o aricles, blogs, news, and social neworking websies. () Even wih all hese immediaely available sources of informaion, one of he bes resources for many members of he communiy also happens o be one of he oldes. () he public library is a grea place for people o ge informaion. (5) he public library serves a ruly criical role in promoing communiy. (6) Wih he explosion of digial media in recen years, people in differen locaions can now communicae almos insananeously. (7) And ye many people complain of feeling more isolaed and alone han ever before. (8) he library sands in a rare posiion o help communiy members mee his universal need for human connecion and companionship. (9) Furhermore, libraries provide cerain ameniies, such as access o he Inerne, for free o all people. (0) A suden who does no have a compuer a home can research and ype a paper for school. () Similarly, an unemployed adul wihou access o he Inerne can make use of library resources o find job opporuniies. () he free iems ha are found a he library can help people ge a lo done. () Public libraries also offer a variey of resources o communiy members. () One imporan resource is he local librarian, who does far more han check ou books and collec fines. (5) Oher library resources include free or low-cos uoring and raining programs. (6) Addiionally, lecures, book groups, and own meeings promoe criical hinking and communiy engagemen. (7) A ypical librarian holds a maser s degree and can help library parons navigae hrough he flood of informaion available in prin and on he Inerne. (8) he hallmark of a public library is ha is maerials and services are accessible o all. (9) he library connecs people o a nework of informaion and resources and is an imporan par of a communiy. Form B 0 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

121 5. Which senence should replace senence o bes inroduce he main claim of he passage? In his age of smarphones and search engines, he public library is a valuable resource ha all members of a communiy should use. Finding informaion is easier han ever, bu going o he public library is sill a valuable learning experience. hough oday s compuers are highly advanced, he resources available a a public library are more useful for sudens. Despie he proliferaion of social neworking sies, a public library is a grea place for people who are ineresed in improving heir communiy. 6. Which senence would bes follow and suppor senence 8? E. F. G. H. Libraries, which have been around for cenuries and are found hroughou he world oday, help preserve he hisory of a communiy. he public library is ofen used as a place for communiy leaders and organizers o hos communiy evens, such as hearings or own halls. Libraries rely on a combinaion of local, sae, and federal dollars o provide he kinds of services and programs ha communiy members have come o expec. A a public library, people can inerac wih ohers hrough a variey of programs, including een book clubs, oddler sory imes, and senior-ciizen exercise classes. 7. Which revision of senence bes mainains he formal syle esablished in he passage? he free resources available a he library can help people accomplish many asks. All he free maerials you can ge a he library can help you do many differen asks. Everyhing ha is free a he library can help people work on a lo of differen hings. he free resources you can find a he library can help you do whaever you need o do. Form B CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

122 8. Where should senence 7 be moved in order o improve he organizaion of he fourh paragraph (senences 7)? E. o he beginning of he paragraph (before senence ) F. beween senences and G. beween senences and 5 H. beween senences 5 and 6 9. Which concluding senence should be added afer senence 9 o suppor he argumen presened in he passage? herefore, parons of he public library can grow in boh heir social life and heir level of communiy engagemen. Clearly, i is in he bes ineres of communiy members o mainain, suppor, and use heir public library. Afer all, he public library has been a par of American communiies since he firs library was founded in 8. In fac, communiy leaders mus work ogeher o find ways o generae more involvemen in evens a he public library. Form B CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

123 READING COMPREHENSION QUESIONS 0 57 DIRECIONS: Read each of he following six exs, and answer he relaed quesions. You may wrie in your es bookle as needed o ake noes. You should re-read relevan pars of each ex before marking he bes answer for each quesion. Base your answers only on he conen wihin he ex. CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE c Form B CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

124 he unguska Fireball 5 6 On June 0, 908, an enormous fireball sho across he sky and exploded high above he remoe unguska River Valley in he Siberian region of Russia. weny miles away, hus were flaened and people were flung ino he air. Villagers 0 miles away fel he hea and heard explosions, and remors were recorded a a German seismic saion more han,000 miles away. Wha caused he inense ligh and he horrendous desrucion of he unguska Fireball, as i came o be called? Scieniss and laypeople have debaed he quesion for over 00 years. No unil 97 did a scienific expediion, led by Russian scienis Leonid Kulik, reach he remoe sie. Kulik discovered a vas region of scorched and downed rees, heir runks poining away from he cener of he blas. Convinced ha a meeorie was responsible, Kulik searched for evidence a craer, a buried meeorie, even fragmens of he exploded mass. He never found i. Oher scieniss, amaeur asronomers, and he public suggesed alernaive heories of wha had happened. Some hough i was an earhquake. Perhaps, ohers said, a black hole a heoreical objec in space where graviy is so srong ha even ligh canno ge ou had collided wih Earh or an alien spaceship carrying nuclear maerial had crashed. For many years Russian scieniss believed ha he unguska Fireball was a come a cluser of dus and frozen gases ha had exploded a few hundred fee above he ground. hey poined o he lack of meeoric evidence and he June 0 dae, a ime of year when Earh was passing hrough comeary debris. Oher scieniss disagreed, arguing ha a come would have burned quickly in Earh s amosphere and could no have creaed such a blas. Many Wesern scieniss believed ha a meeorie was responsible, despie he lack of evidence. he paern of fallen rees suggesed ha hey were knocked down by a blas abou miles above he ground wih an energy of 5 megaons of N, consisen wih a meeoric blas. Ye repeaed searches of he surrounding fores and welands revealed no evidence of a meeorie. During he 990s an Ialian physicis named Menoi Galli became ineresed. Galli had previously invesigaed wheher paricles from ouer space can add carbon aoms o he cellulose in rees. Perhaps he rees a he unguska sie hid evidence of such exraerresrial maerial. Galli and his colleagues raveled o he sie by helicoper o gaher core samples from spruce rees ha had lived hrough he blas. hey analyzed he paricles rapped in he rees resin, and he resuls were remarkable. Based on sudying he rees rings during he ime period when he unguska Fireball occurred, he researchers found ha he resin conained high levels of high-proon elemens, such as copper, gold, and nickel. In fac, i conained en imes more such paricles han resin daing from eiher before or afer ha ime period. Some previously discovered meeories had also conained elevaed levels of hese elemens, suggesing ha he paricles had an exra-earhly origin. Bu hen where is he craer? Is i nearby Lake Cheka, as some claim? Or was he meeorie reduced o dus in he amosphere? Can scieniss rule ou a come carrying hose elemens? he mysery remains unsolved. Form B CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

125 0. Wha evidence bes indicaed he locaion of he blas? E. F. G. H. a lake formed from a craer remors recorded a a seismic saion damage caused o buildings he posiion of he runks of fallen rees. he June 0 dae of he unguska even was significan o some scieniss because i suggesed ha he explosion may have been caused by a come. highlighed why ree resin from he ime of he blas conained high-proon elemens. indicaed ha he blas may have resuled from Earh s impac wih a black hole. explained why debris from ouer space would have burned up in he amosphere.. Wha did Galli s analysis of ree resin a he sie reveal? E. F. G. H. Cerain elemens were unusually abundan around he ime of he blas. Paricles from ouer space can add carbon aoms o rees. Spruce rees were able o survive he unguska explosion. Meeories are composed of gold, copper, and oher high-proon elemens.. Based on he passage, wha is he mos likely reason i ook nineeen years from he dae of he explosion before scieniss firs visied he unguska sie? he scieniss feared radioaciviy from a nuclear explosion. he sie was far from civilizaion and difficul o reach. Scieniss hoped o esablish a cause before exploring he sie. Craers from he explosion hampered ravel o he area. Form B 5 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

126 . Wha is he primary role of paragraph in he srucure of he passage? E. I explains he scienific imporance of he explosion. F. I indicaes he magniude of he explosion. G. I provides possible causes of he explosion. H. I describes he human suffering caused by he explosion. 5. he auhor includes a series of quesions a he end of he las paragraph mos likely o encourage furher sudy of he unguska even. sugges ha he unguska even had muliple causes. reflec a personal curiosiy abou he unguska even. emphasize ha he unguska even has no ye been fully explained. Form B 6 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

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128 Excerp from A Voice in he Wilderness by Grace Livingson Hill Wih a lurch he rain came o a dead sop and Margare Earle, hasily gahering up her belongings, hurried down he aisle and go ou ino he nigh. I occurred o her, as she swung her heavy sui-case down he raher long sep o he ground, and hen carefully swung herself afer i, ha i was srange ha neiher conducor, brakeman, nor porer had come o help her off he rain, when all hree had aken he rouble o ell her ha hers was he nex saion; bu she could hear voices up ahead. Perhaps somehing was he maer wih he engine ha deained hem and hey had forgoen her for he momen. he ground was rough where she sood, and here seemed no sign of a plaform. Did hey no have plaforms in his wild Wesern land, or was he rain so long ha her car had sopped before reaching i? She srained her eyes ino he darkness, and ried o make ou hings from he wo or hree specks of ligh ha danced abou like fireflies in he disance. She could dimly see moving figures away up near he engine, and each one evidenly carried a lanern. he rain was remendously long. A sudden feeling of isolaion ook possession of her. Perhaps she ough no o have go ou unil some one came o help her. Perhaps he rain had no pulled ino he saion ye and she ough o ge back on i and wai. Ye if he rain sared before she found he conducor she migh be carried on somewhere and he jusly blame her for a fool. here did no seem o be any building on ha side of he rack. I was probably on he oher, bu she was sanding oo near he cars o see over. She ried o move back o look, bu he ground sloped and she slipped and fell in he cinders, bruising her knee and cuing her wris. In sudden panic she arose. She would ge back ino he rain, no maer wha he consequences. hey had no righ o pu her ou here, away off from he saion, a nigh, in a srange counry. If he rain sared before she could find he conducor she would ell him ha he mus back i up again and le her off. He cerainly could no expec her o ge ou like his. She lifed he heavy sui-case up he high sep ha was even farher from he ground han i had been when she came down, because her fall had loosened some of he earh and caused i o slide away from he rack. hen, reaching o he rail of he sep, she ried o pull herself up, bu as she did so he engine gave a long snor and he whole rain, as if i were in league agains her, lurched forward crazily, shaking off her hold. She slipped o her knees again, he sui-case, oppled from he lower sep, descending upon her, and ogeher hey slid and rolled down he shor bank, while he rain... ran giddily off ino he nigh. he horror of being desered helped he girl o rise in spie of bruises and shock. She lifed imploring hands o he unresponsive cars as hey hurried by her one, wo, hree, wih brigh windows, each showing a passenger, comforable and safe inside, unconscious of her need. cinders: rack bed made from he residue of burn coal Form B 8 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

129 9 0 5 A momen of useless screaming, running, rying o arac some one s aenion, a sickening sense of error and failure, and he las car slaed iself pas wih a mocking claer, as if i enjoyed her discomfor. Margare sood dazed, reaching ou helpless hands, hen dropped hem a her sides and gazed afer he fas-rereaing rain, he ligh on is las car swinging auningly, blinking now and hen wih a leer in is eye, rapidly vanishing from her sigh ino he deph of he nigh. She gasped and looked abou her for he saion ha bu a shor momen before had been so real o her mind; and, lo! on his side and on ha here was none! he nigh was wide like a grea floor shu in by a low, vas dome of curving blue se wih he larges, mos wonderful sars she had ever seen. Heavy shadows of purple-green, smoke-like, hovered over earh darker and more inense han he unfahomable blue of he nigh sky. I seemed like he secre nesing-place of myseries wherein no human foo migh dare inrude. I was incredible ha such could be bu common sage-brush, sand, and greasewood wrapped abou wih he beauy of he lonely nigh. No building broke he inky oulines of he plain, nor friendly ligh sreamed ou o cheer her hear. No even a ree was in sigh, excep on he far horizon, where a heavy line of deeper darkness migh mean a fores. Nohing, absoluely nohing, in he blue, deep, sarry dome above and he bluer darkness of he earh below save one sharp shaf ahead like a black mas hrowing ou a dark arm across he rack. As soon as she sighed i she picked up her baggage and made her painful way oward i, for her knees and wris were bruised and her baggage was heavy. A sof drip, drip greeed her as she drew nearer; somehing plashing down among he cinders by he rack. hen she saw he all column wih is arm ousreched, and looming darker among he sage-brush he oulines of a waer-ank. I was so she recognized he engine s drinking-ank, and knew ha she had misaken a pause o waer he engine for a regular sop a a saion. From A VOICE IN HE WILDERNESS by Grace Livingson Hill Public Domain 6. In paragraph, how does he phrase when all hree had aken he rouble o ell her affec he one in he firs par of he excerp? E. I creaes an accusaory one by suggesing ha Margare believes ha ohers are responsible for her problem. F. I inroduces a defian one by suggesing ha Margare lef he rain early o prove a poin. G. I suggess a frusraed one by showing ha Margare feels confused by he inconsisen help offered by he railroad employees. H. I esablishes an appreciaive one by showing ha Margare feels cared for by he railroad employees. Form B 9 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

130 7. Which senence from he excerp bes suppors he idea ha raveling o new places by rain is unfamiliar o Margare? Wih a lurch he rain came o a dead sop and Margare Earle, hasily gahering up her belongings, hurried down he aisle and go ou ino he nigh. (paragraph ) Perhaps somehing was he maer wih he engine ha deained hem and hey had forgoen her for he momen. (paragraph ) Did hey no have plaforms in his wild Wesern land, or was he rain so long ha her car had sopped before reaching i? (paragraph ) She could dimly see moving figures away up near he engine, and each one evidenly carried a lanern. (paragraph ) 8. Read his senence from paragraph. Ye if he rain sared before she found he conducor she migh be carried on somewhere and he jusly blame her for a fool. How does he senence conribue o he developmen of he plo? E. F. G. H. I shows how Margare s reliance on he guidance of ohers leads o he exernal conflic she faces. I reveals how Margare s concern abou he opinions of ohers causes he exernal conflic she faces. I highlighs how Margare s indecision resuls in he exernal conflic being prolonged. I illusraes how Margare s confusion makes i difficul for her o fully undersand he exernal conflic. 9. Read his senence from paragraph. She srained her eyes ino he darkness, and ried o make ou hings from he wo or hree specks of ligh ha danced abou like fireflies in he disance. he simile used in he senence affecs he one of he paragraph by emphasizing a feeling of comfor as Margare connecs her unfamiliar surroundings wih familiar images. sense of lonesomeness as Margare realizes ha she is on her own in he wilderness. sense of ranquiliy as Margare is disraced from he urgency of her siuaion by he beauy of he nigh. feeling of dread as Margare regards he desolaion of he land ha surrounds her. Form B 0 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

131 0. Read paragraph 9 from he excerp. A momen of useless screaming, running, rying o arac some one s aenion, a sickening sense of error and failure, and he las car slaed iself pas wih a mocking claer, as if i enjoyed her discomfor. he imagery in his senence conveys he E. F. G. H. growing irriaion Margare feels as she is ignored by people on he rain. effor Margare is making despie being physically unable o keep up wih he rain. anger ha Margare is experiencing as she waches he rain leave wihou her. vulnerabiliy Margare feels as he rain leaves her behind.. How does Margare s experience in paragraph 9 emphasize a heme of he excerp? I confirms Margare s undersanding ha she canno rely on help from anyone else. I leads Margare o realize ha her effors o change her siuaion are ineffecive. I causes Margare o believe ha her own acions led o an unfavorable oucome. I reinforces Margare s frusraion abou her lack of conrol over her surroundings.. Read paragraph 0 from he excerp. Margare sood dazed, reaching ou helpless hands, hen dropped hem a her sides and gazed afer he fas-rereaing rain, he ligh on is las car swinging auningly, blinking now and hen wih a leer in is eye, rapidly vanishing from her sigh ino he deph of he nigh. Wha does he figuraive language in his senence emphasize? E. F. G. he sense of doub ha Margare experiences when she is deciding wha o do nex he anger ha Margare feels oward he people on he rain who she expeced o help her he embarrassmen ha Margare feels when she imagines wha ohers will hink of her H. he hopelessness ha Margare feels when she acceps ha he rain is coninuing on Form B CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

132 . How does paragraph conribue o he plo of he excerp? I reveals ha he realiy of he siuaion is differen from Margare s assumpions. I illusraes ha Margare s main problem is her own imaginaion. I shows ha Margare is surprised by he unexpeced advenure she is abou o underake. I provides addiional insigh ino how Margare reacs o sressful siuaions.. How do he deails in paragraphs abou he seing help suppor he heme of he excerp? E. F. G. H. hey show ha Margare is overwhelmed by he darkness ha surrounds her. hey sugges ha he siuaion is frusraing bu ha Margare is hopeful. hey reveal ha he landscape is beauiful and ha Margare is alone. hey demonsrae ha Margare is easily discouraged and frighened. Form B CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

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134 Excerp from Niagara Falls by Ruper Brooke he real secre of he beauy and error of he Falls is no heir heigh or widh, bu he feeling of colossal power and of uninelligible disaser caused by he plunge of ha vas body of waer. If ha were aken away, here would be lile visible change, bu he hear would be gone. he American Falls do no inspire his feeling in he same way as he Canadian. I is because hey are less in volume, and because he waer does no fall so much ino one place. By comparison heir beauy is almos delicae and fragile. hey are exraordinarily level, one long curain of lacework and woven foam. Seen from opposie, when he sun is on hem, hey are blindingly whie, and he clouds of spray show dark agains hem. Wih boh Falls he colour of he waer is he ever-alering wonder. Greens and blues, purples and whies, mel ino one anoher, fade, and come again, and change wih he changing sun. Someimes hey are as richly diaphanous as a precious sone, and glow from wihin wih a deep, inexplicable ligh. Someimes he whie inricacies of dropping foam become opaque and creamy. And always here are he rainbows. If you come suddenly upon he Falls from above, a grea double rainbow, very vivid, spanning he exen of spray from op o boom, is he firs hing you see. If you wander along he cliff opposie, a bow springs ino being in he American Falls, accompanies you coureously on your walk, dwindles and dies as he mis ends, and awakens again as you reach he Canadian umul. And he bold raveller who aemps he rip under he American Falls sees, when he dare open his eyes o anyhing, iny baby rainbows, some four or five yards in span, leaping from rock o rock among he foam, and gambolling beside him, barely ou of hand s reach, as he goes. One I saw in ha place was a complee circle, such as I have never seen before, and so near ha I could pu my foo on i. I is a errifying journey, beneah and behind he Falls. he senses are baered and bewildered by he hunder of he waer and he assaul of wind and spray; or raher, he sound is no of falling waer, bu merely of falling; a noise of unspecified ruin. So, if you are close behind he endless clamour, he sigh canno recognise liquid in he masses ha hurl pas. You are dimly and piifully aware ha shees of ligh and darkness are falling in grea curves in fron of you. Dull omnipresen foam washes he face. Farher away, in he roar and hissing, clouds of spray seem lierally o slide down some invisible plane of air. Beyond he foo of he Falls he river is like a slipping floor of marble, green wih veins of diry whie, made by he scum ha was foam. I slides very quiely and slowly down for a mile or wo, sullenly exhaused. hen i urns o a dull sage green, and hurries more swifly, smooh and ominous. As he walls of he ravine close in, rouble sirs, and he waers boil and eddy. hese are he lower rapids, a sigh more errifying han he Falls, because less inelligible. Close in is bands of rock he river surges umuluously forward, wrihing and leaping as if inspired by a demon. I is pressed by he srais ino a visibly convex form. Grea planes of waer slide pas. Someimes i is hrown up ino a pinnacle of foam higher han a house, or leaps wih incredible speed from he cres of one vas wave o anoher, along he shining curve beween, like he spring of a wild beas. Is moion coninually suggess muscular acion. he power manifes in hese rapids moves one wih a differen sense of awe and error from ha of he Falls. Here he inhuman life and srengh are sponaneous, acive, almos resolue.... A place of fear. diaphanous: sheer, ranslucen Form B CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

135 One is drawn back, srangely, o a conemplaion of he Falls, a every hour, and especially by nigh, when he cloud of spray becomes an immense visible ghos, sraining and wavering high above he river, whie and paheic and ranslucen. he Vicorian lies very close below he surface in every man. here one can si and le grea cloudy houghs of desiny and he passage of empires drif hrough he mind; for such dreams are a home by Niagara. I could no ge ou of my mind he hough of a friend, who said ha he rainbows over he Falls were like he ars and beauy and goodness, wih regard o he sream of life caused by i, hrown upon is spray, bu unable o say or direc or affec i, and ceasing when i ceased. In all comparisons ha rise in he hear, he river, wih is muliudinous waves and is single curren, likens iself o a life, wheher of an individual or of a communiy. A man s life is of many flashing momens, and ye one sream; a naion s flows hrough all is ciizens, and ye is more han hey. In such places, one is aware, wih an almos insupporable and ye comforing ceriude, ha boh men and naions are hurried onwards o heir ruin or ending as ineviably as his dark flood. Some go down o i unrelucan, and mee i, like he river, no wihou nobiliy. And as incessan, as ineviable, and as unavailing as he spray ha hangs over he Falls, is he whie cloud of human crying.... Wih some such houghs does he plaiudinous hear win from he confusion and hunder of a Niagara peace ha he quiees plains or mos sable hills can never give. From LEERS FROM AMERICA by Ruper Brooke Public Domain plaiudinous: clichéd, common 5. he cenral idea ha he Falls communicae a feeling of uninelligible disaser (paragraph ) is conveyed in paragraph hrough a descripion of he glow of he precious sones visible wihin he waer. he dynamic flow of he colors ha are visible in he waer. he sudden appearance and disappearance of rainbows. he sounds associaed wih a sense of falling. 6. Read his senence from paragraph. hey are exraordinarily level, one long curain of lacework and woven foam. Wha is he effec of comparing he American Falls o a long curain of lacework and woven foam? E. I demonsraes he imelessness of he American Falls. F. I conveys he secreive naure of he American Falls. G. I illusraes he elegan uniformiy of he American Falls. H. I communicaes he inense srengh of he American Falls. Form B 5 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

136 7. Read his senence from paragraph. hese are he lower rapids, a sigh more errifying han he Falls, because less inelligible. Which saemen bes describes how he senence fis ino he overall srucure of he excerp? I signals a change from he posiive aspecs of he Falls o he negaive aspecs. I indicaes a progression from he lieral descripion of he waer o a discussion of imeless ruhs. I highlighs a shif from he qualiies of he Falls o he qualiies of he river. I inroduces a conras beween he obvious and he hidden feaures of he rapids. 8. Which senence from he excerp bes suppors he idea ha he essence of he Falls lies in heir emoional impac? E. F. G. H. If ha were aken away, here would be lile visible change, bu he hear would be gone. (paragraph ) By comparison heir beauy is almos delicae and fragile. (paragraph ) One is drawn back, srangely, o a conemplaion of he Falls, a every hour, and especially by nigh, when he cloud of spray becomes an immense visible ghos, sraining and wavering high above he river, whie and paheic and ranslucen. (paragraph ) A man s life is of many flashing momens, and ye one sream; a naion s flows hrough all is ciizens, and ye is more han hey. (paragraph ) 9. Read his senence from paragraph. here one can si and le grea cloudy houghs of desiny and he passage of empires drif hrough he mind; for such dreams are a home by Niagara. he senence mos conribues o he developmen of ideas in he excerp by suggesing ha viewing he Falls can be a life-changing experience. showing ha he cliffs of he Falls are a good place for self-examinaion. emphasizing ha he grandeur of he Falls seems impossible o grasp. highlighing he ype of reflecion ha is inspired by a visi o he Falls. Form B 6 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

137 0. In paragraph, he idea ha human life and hisory ravel oward he same ending is illusraed mainly hrough E. F. G. H. he discussion of how he rainbows visible in he Falls are like he ar and beauy creaed by humankind. he comparison beween he movemen of waer in he Falls and he human experience. he inclusion of deails ha show ha every observer s experience wih he Falls is differen. he acknowledgmen ha conemplaing he Falls a nigh sparks an awareness of humankind s desiny.. Wih which saemen would he auhor of his excerp mos likely agree? A sense of ease and assurance comes wih acceping one s fae. No maer where one s pah goes in life, one will always have regres. he bes way o overcome fear is o recognize i and hen defy i. Reason will die ou wih humaniy, bu ar will remain immoral. Form B 7 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

138 Uncovering he Pas 5 6 Archaeology as a disinc branch of science is only abou wo cenuries old. he firs archaeological aciviies focused largely on he search for clues abou earlier human socieies. In he nineeenh cenury, mos archaeologiss were amaeurs rained in ancien languages and hisory. Many were ar hisorians whose ineres lay in he arwork and monumens of ancien civilizaions. For he mos par, heir excavaions were aimed a uncovering and removing priceless arwork and oher valuable arifacs for museum display. Collecively, hese early archaeologiss are now considered radiional archaeologiss. oday, however, here is a differen approach o archaeology, one ha ries o reconsruc he everyday life of people in ancien imes by applying he scienific mehods of a range of specialized fields. Modern archaeologiss ake full advanage of available echnology. Lapop compuers enable digging eams o record heir finds a each level of an excavaion. Wih skechpad compuer sofware, archaeologiss can draw heir finds in he field. hree-dimensional compuer modeling enables researchers o creae floor plans and elevaions for he srucures hey uncover. Archaeologiss can also use remoe sensing echnologies such as radar and lidar, which is similar o radar bu i uses laser ligh insead of radio waves. hese echnologies enable scieniss o deec races of early selemens ha are no visible o he human eye. he excavaions a Kourion, a Roman por ciy on he island of Cyprus in he Medierranean Sea, serve as an example of he modern approach. Porions of Kourion had been unexpecedly buried by a massive earhquake in he fourh cenury radiional archaeologiss were ineresed primarily in he remains of Kourion s heaer, emple, and classical monumens. hey also colleced precious objecs, such as jewelry, found in nearby ombs. Modern archaeologiss, however, have focused heir sudies and excavaions on he selemen iself. his preserved seapor has proved o be a gold mine of imporan informaion abou everyday life sixeen cenuries ago. During one excavaion of a house a Kourion, for example, forensic anhropologiss were able o reconsruc he skeleon of a young girl, whom hey called Camelia. On he basis of her eeh, hey deermined her age o be abou hireen, alhough measuremen of her skeleon showed ha she was only he size of a modern eleven-year-old. he sudy of he eeh also confirmed her sex and poined o her excellen healh; Camelia had no caviies. Even afer cenuries, he forensic scieniss could sudy he physical evidence in ways similar o hose used in criminal invesigaions o deermine he circumsances of Camelia s deah. Oher specialiss on his excavaion included a zooarchaeologis, who idenified animal remains, including he skeleon of a mule found near Camelia. Anoher specialis, a paleoboanis, sudied he conens of a bake oven a he sie and idenified four domesicaed grains among he charred crumbs evidence of a kind of ancien muligrain bread. Alhough he archaeologiss a his sie unearhed a few beauiful iems, he excavaion did no uncover any priceless arwork for museums. Noneheless, he archaeological processes used in Kourion have given us a valuable insigh ino everyday life in a Roman ciy. Form B 8 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

139 . Which of he following bes describes he goal of modern archaeology? E. F. G. H. o use science o learn how people lived in he pas o find arwork from ancien civilizaions o search for evidence of ancien selemens o uncover precious objecs for display in museums. Wha would a radiional archaeologis be mos ineresed in finding a a sie like Kourion? a human skeleon beauiful jewelry or ceramics evidence of foods eaen he remains of animals. Wha role does paragraph play in he srucure of he passage? E. I provides a conras o he opic discussed in he firs paragraph. F. I deails examples ha suppor he cenral idea of he firs paragraph. G. I saes a heory ha will be explained furher in he hird paragraph. H. I summarizes he informaion found in he res of he passage. 5. Which conclusion is bes suppored by he informaion in paragraph? Forensic anhropologiss specialize in he excavaion of ancien heaers and emples. Forensic anhropologiss can obain a variey of informaion by examining eeh. Forensic anhropologiss believe ha people in he pas were smaller han people are oday. Forensic anhropologiss primarily invesigae ancien crimes. Form B 9 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

140 6. As described in paragraphs 5, wha did he archaeological eam learn abou life in Kourion? E. F. G. H. People in Kourion had a beer die han people have oday. People in Kourion kep a wide variey of domesicaed animals. People in Kourion had a shorer life expecancy han people have oday. People in Kourion made bread from various domesicaed grains. 7. Wha is he mos likely reason he auhor menions he zooarchaeologis (paragraph 5)? o inroduce he opic of oher arifacs discovered near Camelia o conras his posiion wih ha of he paleoboanis o complee he lis of archaeological specialiss o provide an example of a paricular field in modern archaeology Form B 0 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

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142 Snowy Mounains by John Gould Flecher Higher and sill more high, Palaces made for cloud, Above he dingy ciy-roofs Blue-whie like angels wih broad wings, Pillars of he sky a res he mounains from he grea plaeau Uprise. Bu he world heeds hem no; hey have been here now for oo long a ime. he world makes war on hem, unnels heir granie cliffs, Splis down heir shining sides, Plasers heir cliffs wih soap-adverisemens, Desroys he lonely fragmens of heir peace. Vaser and sill more vas, Peak afer peak, pile afer pile, Wilderness sill unamed, o which he fuure is as was he pas, Barrier spread by Gods, Sunning heir shining foreheads, Barrier broken down by hose who do no need he joy of ime-resising sorm-worn sone, he mounains swing along he souh horizon of he sky; Welcoming wih wide floors of blue-green ice he miss ha dance and drive before he sun. Snowy Mounains by John Gould Flecher Public Domain 8. he descripion in he firs sanza (lines 7) helps esablish a cenral idea of he poem by E. comparing he lengh of ime he mounains have exised wih he lengh of ime he ciy has exised. F. conrasing he grandeur of he mounains wih he srucures in he ciy below hem. G. implying ha he mounains are a source of inspiraion o he people in he ciy below. H. suggesing ha he mounains are larger han he people in he ciy realize. Form B CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

143 9. Read line and line 5 from he poem. Higher and sill more high, Vaser and sill more vas, he parallel srucure of he wo lines emphasizes how he sense of wonder he speaker has a he beginning of he poem changes o a fear of he mounains. reinforces he sense of awe he speaker experiences when considering he magnificence of he expansive mounains. reveals ha he mounains are coninually expanding boh in heigh and land mass. sresses a conras beween he heigh of he mounains and he area of land he mounains cover. 0. Read line 5 from he poem. Pillars of he sky a res he line helps develop he heme of he poem by suggesing ha he mounains E. F. G. H. serve a noble and supporive purpose in he world. arac he clouds wih heir srengh and permanence. remain unamed hrough he ages. provide proecion for he people.. How does isolaing he word Uprise in line 7 affec he meaning of he poem? I creaes a conras beween he grea plaeau and he ciy buildings. I reveals he similariy beween he all buildings in he ciy and he all mounains on he horizon. I creaes a vision of he region before people developed he land. I emphasizes ha he mounains dominae he landscape. Form B CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

144 . How does he poe develop he speaker s poin of view in he second sanza (lines 8 )? E. by describing images of he mounains awe-inspiring size and srengh F. by illusraing he differences among he various ways humans can impac he naural environmen G. by criicizing sociey for aking careless, desrucive courses of acion agains naure H. by demonsraing how he mounains and he people are able o benefi from each oher. Which line from he poem bes suppors he idea ha people have forfeied priceless naural beauy in order o make a profi? Above he dingy ciy-roofs (line ) he world makes war on hem, (line 0) unnels heir granie cliffs, (line ) Plasers heir cliffs wih soap-adverisemens, (line ). Which deail from he poem reflecs he speaker s view ha people ofen fail o appreciae wha is familiar? E. F. G. H. he mounains from he grea plaeau (line 6) hey have been here now for oo long a ime. (line 9) Splis down heir shining sides, (line ) o which he fuure is as was he pas, (line 8) 5. How do he deails in he hird sanza (lines 5 6) conribue o he developmen of he heme of he poem? by reflecing naure s capaciy o resis change by showing ha naure is capable of influencing human will by exposing how a lack of awareness leads o naure s ruin by explaining why people mus respec naure Form B CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

145 6. Read lines from he poem. Barrier broken down by hose who do no need he joy of ime-resising sorm-worn sone, How do he lines help convey he speaker s poin of view? E. F. G. H. hey sugges ha he speaker wans o remove he obsacles ha preven ohers from experiencing he wonders of naure. hey reveal he speaker s opinion ha some people are oo busy o appreciae naural beauy. hey sugges he speaker s dismay ha people desroy he naural landscape wihou undersanding he ramificaions of heir acions. hey explain ha he speaker is confiden ha naure will never be fully desroyed by people. 7. Read lines 6 from he poem. he mounains swing along he souh horizon of he sky; Welcoming wih wide floors of blue-green ice he miss ha dance and drive before he sun. he personificaion in hese concluding lines of he poem suggess ha he mounains are gracious hoss who are unroubled by he acions of people. unaware of heir coming desrucion. lively enerainers who are no bohered by he everyday concerns of people. oo proud o reveal heir pain. Form B 5 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

146 Samuel Morse, an American invenor, is credied wih creaing he elecronic elegraph, a communicaion device ha allows users o send messages using a sysem of shor and long pulses ha represen leers, numbers, and puncuaion. In 8 he Unied Saes Congress passed he elegraph Bill, which provided Morse wih he funds o build an elecric elegraph sysem. Earlier Signal Sysems Invenion of he elegraph Long before Samuel F. Morse elecrically ransmied his famous message Wha hah God wrough? from Washingon o Balimore on May, 8, here were signaling sysems ha enabled people o communicae over disances. Mos were visual or semaphore sysems using flags or lighs. In he eigheenh cenury, such sysems used an observer who would decipher a signal from a high ower on a disan hill and hen send i on o he nex saion. he young American republic waned jus such a sysem along is enire Alanic coas and offered a prize of $0,000 for a workable proposal. he framers of his legislaion had no way of knowing ha when hey used he word elegraph o refer o his visual semaphore sysem, hey would be offered an enirely new and revoluionary means of communicaion elecriciy. he Growh of an Idea he idea of using elecriciy o communicae over disance is said o have occurred o Morse during a conversaion aboard ship when he was reurning from Europe in 8. Michael Faraday s recenly invened elecromagne was much discussed by he ship s passengers, and when Morse came o undersand how i worked, he speculaed ha i migh be possible o send a coded message over a wire. While a suden a Yale College years before, he had wrien his parens a leer abou how ineresing he found he lecures on elecriciy. Despie wha he had learned a Yale, Morse found when he began o develop his idea ha he had lile real undersanding of he naure of elecriciy, and afer sporadic aemps o work wih baeries, magnes, and wires, he finally urned for help o a colleague a he Universiy of he Ciy of New York, Leonard Gale. Gale was a professor of chemisry and familiar wih he elecrical work of Princeon s Joseph Henry, a rue pioneer in he new field. Well before Morse had his shipboard idea abou a elegraph, Henry rang a bell a a disance by opening and closing an elecric circui. In 8, he had published an aricle, of which Morse was unaware, ha conained deails suggesing he idea of an elecric elegraph. Gale s help and his knowledge of his aricle proved crucial o Morse s elegraph sysem because Gale no only poined ou flaws in he sysem bu showed Morse how he could regularly boos he srengh of a signal and overcome he disance problems he had encounered by using a relay sysem Henry had invened. Henry s experimens, Gale s assisance, and, soon afer, hiring he young echnician Alfred Vail were keys o Morse s success. Obsacles and Opporuniies By December 87, Morse had enough confidence in his new sysem o apply for he federal governmen s appropriaion, and during he nex year he conduced demonsraions of his elegraph boh in New York and Washingon. legislaion: elegraph Bill Form B 6 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

147 5 6 However, when he economic disaser known as he Panic of 87 ook hold of he naion and caused a long depression, Morse was forced o wai for beer imes. I was during his period ha Morse visied Europe again and ried no only o secure paen proecion overseas bu o examine compeing elegraph sysems in England.... By 8, he counry was beginning o recover economically, and Morse again asked Congress for he $0,000 ha would allow him o build a elegraph line from Washingon o Balimore, fory miles away. he House of Represenaives evenually passed he bill conaining he Morse appropriaion, and he Senae approved i in he final hours of ha Congress s las session. Wih Presiden yler s signaure, Morse received he cash he needed and began o carry ou plans for an underground elegraph line. Realizing a Grea Invenion 7 8 Morse had hired he ingenious consrucion engineer Ezra Cornell o lay he pipe carrying he wire, and alhough Cornell did his job superbly, one of Morse s parners, Congressman F. O. J. Smih, had purchased wire wih defecive insulaion. oo much ime had been wased laying bad wire, and wih he projec on a rigid deadline, somehing had o be done quickly. Cornell suggesed ha he fases and cheapes way of connecing Washingon and Balimore was o sring wires overhead on rees and poles. he desperae Morse gave he go-ahead, and he line was compleed in ime for he dramaic and specacularly successful link beween he Supreme Cour chamber of he Capiol building and he railroad saion in Balimore. Soon, as overhead wires conneced ciies up and down he Alanic coas, he dos-and-dashes mehod ha recorded messages on a long moving srip of paper was replaced by he operaor s abiliy o inerpre he code in real ime.... elegraph lines soon exended wesward, and wihin Morse s own lifeime hey conneced he coninens of Europe and America. Invenion of he elegraph Public Domain/Library of Congress dos-and-dashes mehod: he shor and long pulses of Morse code ha are sen and received by elegraph operaors Form B 7 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

148 BRIISH ALL-RED ELEGRAPH LINE, 90 Canada Vancouver Alanic Ocean London Pacific Ocean Unied Saes Washingon, Bermuda Barbados India W N S E KEY = Elecric elegraph line Cape own Indian Ocean Perh Ausralia Norfolk Brisbane New Zealand he firs ransalanic elecric elegraph message was sen in 858, and by 90 he Briish All-Red Line conneced mos of he world. ELEGRAPH MESSAGES RANSMIED, Number of Messages ransmied (in millions) Year Source: U.S. Bureau of he Census. Hisorical Saisics of he Unied Saes, Colonial imes o 970, Bicenennial Ediion, Par. Washingon,, 975. Form B 8 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

149 8. Which saemen describes how he auhor s use of problem-soluion in paragraph conribues o he developmen of ideas in he passage? E. F. G. H. Morse s discussion on a ship abou Faraday s elecromagne reminded him of he Yale College lecures on elecriciy, which he had enjoyed bu had no fully undersood, inspiring him o learn more abou elecriciy from his colleague Gale. Morse s discouragemen over his lack of knowledge of elecriciy promped him o experimen wih baeries, magnes, and wires, which led o he developmen of a new long-disance communicaion sysem. Morse s difficuly in undersanding how Faraday s elecromagne worked was frusraing, and i pushed him o creae a sysem for sending signals over wires. Morse s longime fascinaion was no enough o make up for his lack of knowledge abou elecriciy, so he evenually sough help from Gale. 9. Which saemen describes how he auhor s use of sequencing in paragraph conribues o he overall srucure of he passage? I shows ha several people were simulaneously aemping o creae an elecric elegraph. I shows how he invenion of he elecric elegraph depended on informaion and echniques discovered by ohers. I shows ha muliple means of long-disance communicaion were being used a he same ime. I shows how quickly long-disance communicaion changed from visual signals o elecrical signals. 50. Read his senence from paragraph 7. he desperae Morse gave he go-ahead, and he line was compleed in ime for he dramaic and specacularly successful link beween he Supreme Cour chamber of he Capiol building and he railroad saion in Balimore. he words dramaic and specacularly in he senence convey a E. F. G. sense of relief and fulfillmen ha he line was finished. sense of wonder and of celebraion ha he elegraph line was compleed on ime. feeling of exciemen abou he fuure possibiliies of he elegraph. H. feeling of confidence abou being able o coninue he work. Form B 9 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

150 5. Which excerp from he passage suppors he idea ha Morse was aware of his limiaions? Afer sporadic aemps o work wih baeries, magnes, and wires, he finally urned for help o a colleague. (paragraph ) Gale s help and his knowledge of his aricle proved crucial o Morse s elegraph sysem. (paragraph ) Henry s experimens, Gale s assisance, and, soon afer, hiring he young echnician Alfred Vail were keys o Morse s success. (paragraph ) Morse had hired he ingenious consrucion engineer Ezra Cornell o lay he pipe carrying he wire. (paragraph 7) 5. he deails of he secion he Growh of an Idea convey a cenral idea of he passage by suggesing ha E. F. G. H. he collaboraive effors of colleagues resuled in successful communicaion over a wire. a grea deal of ineres and work was devoed o undersanding how o use elecriciy o send signals. Faraday s invenion of he elecromagne inspired he invenion of he elegraph. colleges like Yale played a grea role in making new discoveries abou elecriciy and is applicaions. 5. How does he graph suppor he ideas in paragraph 8? I indicaes how welcome he improvemen of long-disance communicaion was in he Unied Saes. I provides evidence of he dramaic increase in he number of elegraph messages as Morse s sysem expanded across he Unied Saes. I reveals ha by he wenieh cenury millions of people had used he elegraph despie earlier hesiaions abou he sysem. I shows how improvemens ha allowed Morse code o be read in real ime made relaying elegraph messages faser and increased he sysem s usage. Form B 50 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

151 5. Which senence is he bes summary of how Morse obained he funding necessary o build his elegraph sysem? E. F. G. H. Morse applied for a federal gran ha was delayed unil 8, so he spen ime raveling in Europe, where he concenraed on obaining a paen for his sysem. Morse applied for a governmen gran ha required boh houses of Congress and he presiden o pass a bill awarding him $0,000 for his elegraph projec. Morse applied for a governmen appropriaion and conduced elegraph demonsraions o show ha his sysem could work, and afer a delay caused by a financial depression, Congress approved he $0,000 appropriaion in 8. Working wih Gale and Vail allowed Morse o find flaws in Henry s work and o develop his own ideas before applying for he federal governmen appropriaion. 55. How does he map provide addiional suppor for a cenral idea of he passage? by demonsraing ha Morse s elegraph sysem grealy exceeded he limiaions of previous long-disance communicaion sysems by indicaing ha Morse was lacking foresigh by seeking a paen only in Norh America by proving ha Gale s advice helped Morse exend he elegraph s range much farher han firs hough possible by providing a graphic ha shows he surprisingly immense influence Morse s elegraph had across he world 56. he idea ha, in he mid-nineeenh cenury, he Unied Saes was mosly unaware of he possibiliies of elecriciy is illusraed in he passage mainly hrough he E. F. G. H. descripion of he governmen s iniial desire o expand a semaphore signaling sysem ha used eiher flags or lighs along he Alanic Coas. delay by he House of Represenaives o pass he bill funding Morse s elegraph line six years afer he firs applied for he appropriaion. discussions of he newly invened elecromagne ha sparked he idea of sending codes hrough wires. descripion of how an elecric circui could be closed o ring a bell a a disance. 57. Wih which saemen would he auhor mos likely agree? Morse s elegraph was successful because he wires were srung aboveground raher han underground as originally planned. Undersanding he imporance of Morse s elegraph requires deailed knowledge of elecrical sysems. he implemenaion of Morse s elegraph sysem was overly influenced by economic facors. Morse s invenion of he elegraph made a grea sride oward beer connecing people across he Unied Saes and across he world. Form B 5 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

152 PAR MAHEMAICS 57 QUESIONS IMPORAN NOES () Formulas and definiions of mahemaical erms and symbols are no provided. () Diagrams oher han graphs are no necessarily drawn o scale. Do no assume any relaionship in a diagram unless i is specifically saed or can be figured ou from he informaion given. () Assume ha a diagram is in one plane unless he quesion specifically saes ha i is no. () Graphs are drawn o scale. Unless saed oherwise, you can assume relaionships according o appearance. For example, (on a graph) lines ha appear o be parallel can be assumed o be parallel; likewise for concurren lines, sraigh lines, collinear poins, righ angles, ec. (5) Reduce (simplify) all fracions o lowes erms. CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE c Form B 5 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

153 GRID-IN QUESIONS QUESIONS 58 6 DIRECIONS: Solve each quesion. On he answer shee, wrie your answer in he boxes a he op of he grid. Sar on he lef side of each grid. Prin only one number or symbol in each box. Under each box, fill in he circle ha maches he number or symbol you wroe above. DO NO FILL IN A CIRCLE UNDER AN UNUSED BOX. DO NO LEAVE A BOX BLANK IN HE MIDDLE OF AN ANSWER. 58. How many 5-digi numbers can be creaed using he digis,, 5, 7, and 8 wihou repeaing any digis wihin ha 5-digi number? 6. yler has compleed 60 pages in his French workbook. his is 0% of he oal number of pages in he workbook. How many pages are in he workbook? x = Wha is he value of x in he equaion shown above? ( 6 ) ( 5 ) = y 60 P 5 Four sraigh lines inersec a poin P shown above. Wha is he value of y? as Form B 5 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

154 MULIPLE CHOICE QUESIONS QUESIONS 6 DIRECIONS: Solve each quesion. Selec he bes answer from he choices given. Mark he leer of your answer on he answer shee. When you are solving quesions, you can wrie in he es bookle or on he scrap paper given o you. 6. If x = 9 and y = 7, wha is he value of x( x y)? M = N = P = Q + 5 = R > 0 7 Based on he saemen above, which variable has he greaes value? M N 6. Q R P R P S In he figure above, PQRS is a parallelogram. he measure of PQ is 50, and he measure of PQ is 70. Wha is he measure of QRS? E. F. G. H A roofing conracor uses shingles a a rae of bundles for every 96 square fee of roof covered. A his rae, how many bundles of shingles will he need in order o cover a roof ha is 6 square fee? E. F. G. H. 67. o make pary inviaions, Macie could buy a package of paper for $0.50, or she could buy x individual shees of he same paper for $0.5 each. Wha is he larges value of x ha would make buying he individual shees less expensive han buying he package? Form B 5 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

155 68. A :00 p.m. one day, he emperaure was 8 degrees above zero. During he res of he day, he emperaure fell degrees per hour. Wha was he emperaure a 7:00 p.m. ha day? 70. Desser DESSER CHOICES Number of imes Ordered E. F. G. H Cookies Pie Cake 7 Ice Cream A bag conains 75 marbles ha are red, blue, or green. he raio of red o blue marbles is 5:7, and he raio of blue o green marbles is 7:. If blue marbles are removed and replaced wih green marbles, wha will be he new raio of red o green marbles? he able above shows he number of imes ha differen dessers were ordered a a resauran. Based on his informaion, wha is he probabiliy of a cusomer ordering ice cream as a desser? : 5: 5: 5: E. F. G. H. 5% 0% 0% 8% 7. Wha is he leas common muliple of, 6, and 8? One day, he Early Bird Resauran used 5 dozen eggs for 00 breakfas cusomers. A his rae, approximaely how many dozen eggs are needed for 00 breakfas cusomers? E. F. G. H Form B 55 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

156 7. A cooler conains hree ypes of beverages: 5 boles of apple juice, boles of grape juice, and 6 boles of orange juice. Wha is he probabiliy ha a bole chosen a random from his cooler is no apple juice? A large circular dinner plae has a radius of 0 cenimeers. A smaller circular plae wih a circumference of 0 cenimeers is placed in he cener of he larger dinner plae. Wha is he area of he par of he larger dinner plae ha is no covered by he smaller plae? 75. he able above shows prices for newspaper adverising. A sore purchased pages, pages, and full pages of page space in equal numbers for a oal of $,500. Wha is he oal amoun of page space he sore purchased? PRICES FOR NEWSPAPER ADVERISING Page Space page page Price $00 $50 full page $600 E. 0 sq cm pages F. 00 sq cm 0 pages G. 00 sq cm 6 pages H. 00 sq cm 7 pages 76. How many posiive odd numbers saisfy he inequaliy x + 8 9? E. F. G. H. 7 8 Form B 56 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

157 77. If 6 y = x, wha is he value of x when y =? M N 78. Poins X, Y, and Z are on a sraigh line, and Y is beween X and Z. Lengh YZ =, 5 XY and lengh XY = 0 cenimeers. Wha is he lengh of XZ? E. cm F. F. cm G. 0 cm H. cm G. H. 7 6 On he number line above, is he posiion of poin M? E. 7 6 MN = Wha 79. Bryana bough yards of cloh a $8.00 per yard. If here was an 8% sales ax, wha was he oal cos of he cloh? $.96 $.08 $5. $ A Unied Saes presidenial coin is made from an alloy of four meals copper, zinc, manganese, and nickel wih weighs in he raio of 77::7:, respecively. he coin weighs a oal of 8 grams. Wha is he weigh of he zinc in his coin? 0.8 g 0.8 g 0.96 g 8 g 8. Jack scored a mean of 5 poins per game in his firs baskeball games. In his h game, he scored 7 poins. Wha is his mean score for he firs games? E. F. G. H Form B 57 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

158 8. A cylindrical oil drum can hold,0 liers when i is compleely full. Currenly, he drum is full of oil. How many kiloliers of oil need o be added in order o fill he drum compleely? 8. Nicole s age now is hree imes Carmen s age. If Carmen will be 7 in wo years, how old was Nicole 5 years ago? E. F. G. H. 85. A chemical decays in such a way ha he amoun lef a he end of each week is 0% less han he amoun a he beginning of ha same week. Wha percen of he original amoun is lef afer wo weeks? yr 0 yr 5 yr 50 yr 0% 60% 6% 80% 86. If w is an odd ineger, which one of he following mus be an even ineger? E. F. G. H. 87. hree sudens sand a he saring line of a running rack and begin running laps a he same ime. Ann complees lap every minues, Jack complees lap every minues, and Lee complees lap every minues. How many laps does Ann complee before all hree runners are once again a he saring line a he same ime? 88. Simplify his expression: E. F. w + w w w x x 7 ( x) ( 5 x) G. H. 8 x 8 x Form B 58 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

159 x + x x PE SURVEY If x = 0, wha is he value of he expression above? Number of Pes Number of Sudens 0 6,59.0 5,09.0 5,09. 5, or more 5 N S P Amy surveyed sudens a her school abou he number of pes hey have. Wha is he probabiliy ha a suden who paricipaed in he survey has a leas pes? A large conainer is parially filled wih n liers of waer. Io adds 0 liers of waer o he conainer, making i 60% full. If Ignacio adds 6 more liers of waer, he conainer will be 75% full. Wha is he value of n? R M 6 cm R, S, and are midpoins of he sides of square MNPQ, as shown above. Wha is he sum of he areas of he shaded riangles? E. F. G. H. 9 sq cm sq cm 8 sq cm 6 sq cm Q E. F. G. H he Chens spend $5 of every $8 hey earn on planned expenses. If he family earns $9,600 in one year, how much will hey spend on planned expenses ha year? $,850 $,700 $5,90 $8,500 Form B 59 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

160 9. A pizza shop offers a choice of sizes (small, medium, and large) and 7 differen oppings. Differen pizzas can be creaed by changing he size and/or he choice of oppings. If Cody wans o order a pizza wih exacly differen oppings, how many differen pizzas can he creae? 95. E. 6 F. G. 6 H A wooden box has a square base. he heigh of his box is imes he lengh of one side of he base. If one side of he base is fee long, wha is he volume of his box? E. 9 cu f F. 7 cu f G. 6 cu f H. 8 cu f 97. On a bike rip, Rajiv raveled 65 kilomeers in 5 hours, while Shaina raveled 7 kilomeers in hours. How much less was Rajiv s mean speed, in kilomeers per hour (kph), han Shaina s? SURVEY OF CAS PER FAMILY Number of Cas Number of Families or more 8 he able above shows he number of cas per family in 00 households in he Blaine neighborhood. By wha percenage is he number of families wih ca greaer han he number of families wih cas? 7% 0% 7% 0% 98. Poins P, Q, R, and S represen,, 0, and, respecively, on a number line. How many unis is he midpoin of PQ from he midpoin of RS? E. F. G. H. 99. here are,000 cubic cenimeers in lier, and,000 cubic millimeers in millilier. How many cubic millimeers are here in,000 cubic cenimeers?,000 0,000 00,000,000,000 Form B 60 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

161 M R 5 8 x + y In he quarer circle above, wha is of x? y in erms he hash marks on he number line above are evenly spaced. Wha is he coordinae of poin R? E. F. G. H. x x + x+ ( x+ ) 0. Phan chose an Inerne service ha charges $8.00 per monh plus $0.0 per minue. Deion chose an Inerne service ha charges $0.00 per monh for unlimied usage. A he end of he monh, Phan s and Deion s charges were idenical. For how many minues did Phan use he Inerne service ha monh? E. F. G. H Form B 6 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

162 0. In a sample of 50 cars a a local dealership, here are red cars and 0 cars wih backup cameras. Of he red cars, have backup cameras. If a car is seleced a random from he given sample, wha is he probabiliy ha boh of he following are rue: he car is no red and does no have a backup camera? 05. y O m Wha is he area of he shaded riangle shown above? n x 0. he decimal 0.06 can be wrien as he fracion x. Wha is he value of x? 50 E. F. 6 G. H. 0 m + n n m ( n m) ( n m) Form B 6 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

163 = p 7 Number of Cards ANIMAL CARDS Picure on Card In he equaion above, wha is he value of p? 8 ca 6 dog 5 bird fish horse E. F. G. H. he cards in he able above are mixed in a box. Which animal picured on a card has exacly a in chance of being picked a random from he box? 09. A ball is seleced a random from a box ha conains 7 black balls, green balls, and red balls. Wha is he probabiliy ha he ball seleced is black? E. ca F. dog G. fish H. horse 07. Which number line below shows he soluion se for x y x + 0 when y =? A Norh High School, a survey asked wo quesions, Quesion A and Quesion For each quesion, sudens could answer eiher yes or no. Of he 800 sudens who responded o he survey, 70 answered yes o Quesion A, and 60 answered yes o Quesion Wha is he leas possible number of hese sudens who could have answered yes o boh quesions? 0 E. F. G. H Form B 6 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

164 . Raoul is a leas years older han Vahn. Which of he following inequaliies gives he relaionship beween Raoul s age ( r ) and Vahn s age ( v )?. here are now x cans sacked on a shelf ha holds 6 cans when full. If of hese cans were removed, he shelf would be half full. Wha is he value of x? r v 6 r v 8 v r. sind = 5.6 ricks sind =.88 dals Using he conversion above, how many dals are equal o rick? E. F. G. H. r v Carlos ossed a paper cup in he air 50 imes and found ha he probabiliy of i landing on is side was 7%. If he osses he cup in he air 50 more imes, wha is he oal number of imes he can expec he cup o land on is side? E. F. G. H Form B 6 CONINUE ON O HE NEX PAGE

165 SAMPLE ES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS FORM BB REVISING/EDIING PAR A. (B) he quesion asks for he correcion needed for an error in he senence. he senence needs a comma o se off he clause which is considered one of he new Seven Wonders of he World, because he clause is no essenial o he meaning of he senence (nonresricive clause). Opion B is correc because i places a comma where i is needed, afer Ialy, o se off he nonresricive clause ha follows. Opion A is incorrec because when a name has more han one elemen, a comma is used o separae he elemens for clariy. Opion C is incorrec because i would remove he comma a he end of he nonresricive clause, which should be se off by commas a he beginning and he end. Opion D is incorrec because a comma afer buil would separae he phrase could hold more han 50,000 specaors, which is a dependen clause ha uses he subjec from he main clause and so needs o say conneced o he res of he senence.. (E) he quesion asks for he correcion of an error in senence srucure in he paragraph. he firs senence is a run-on senence because boh clauses In Sepember 06 he Naional Museum of African American Hisory and Culure opened as par of he Smihsonian Insiuion and he museum is already he Smihsonian s hird mos popular sie are independen clauses, and independen clauses should no be combined wihou he use of a conjuncion and a comma. he revision in Opion E adds he word and before he comma, which correcs he run-on. Opion F, Opion G, Opion H are incorrec responses because he corresponding underlined porions in he paragraph are no srucural errors. No edis are needed o correc hose porions of he ex.. (C) he quesion asks for he correc revision of he senence in he box. he senence is incorrec because, as wrien, he phrase o promoe heir club refers o he closes noun o he phrase, which is a bake sale, and ha does no mach logically. Opion C is correc because he revision has he phrase o promoe heir club clearly modifying members of he debae eam and adds he idea ha he bake sale is on Wednesday o he end of he senence. Opion A and Opion B are incorrec because he revisions do no fix he error ha o promoe heir club modifies a bake sale. Opion D is incorrec; while he revision clarifies ha o promoe heir club relaes o he members of he debae eam, he res of he senence is poorly wrien because he inserion of on Wednesday o promoe heir club in he middle of he senence inerrups he main clause, Members of he debae eam will sponsor a bake sale.. (G) he quesion asks for he necessary revisions o he paragraph. Opion G is correc because he errors appear in senence of he paragraph. he word sudies is in he presen ense, bu i should be changed o sudied o mach he pas ense esablished in he paragraph ( spen, recied ). Addiionally, he comma afer he word emoions needs o be removed because he words emoions and moivaions are par of a group (series) of wo elemens, and when here are only wo elemens in a series, a comma is no used. Opion E is incorrec because senence does no need o be revised. he word spen is correc in he pas ense, and here is no need o inser a comma afer he word play. Opion F is incorrec because senence does no need o be revised. he word did is correc as wrien in he pas ense, and here is no comma needed afer he word projecion because so is no funcioning as a conjuncion bu raher as par of he conjuncion phrase so ha, which does no ake a comma. Opion H is incorrec because senence does no need o be revised. he word recied is correc as wrien in he pas ense, and he comma afer imes is needed in order o separae he modifying phrase making sligh adjusmens and improvemens o his performance each ime from he main clause. REVISING/EDIING PAR B he Local Library 5. (A) he quesion asks for a senence ha should replace senence o inroduce he main claim of he passage. Opion A is correc because i bes presens he main claim ha he public library is a valuable resource and should be used by communiy members. Opion B is incorrec because i saes ha going o he library can be a learning experience. his idea is implied in senences 7 and 8, bu i is no he main claim of he passage. Opion C is incorrec because i saes he idea ha he library is useful for sudens, which would be supporing evidence raher han an inroducory saemen expressing he main claim. Opion D is incorrec because i saes ha local libraries provide services o help improve communiies, which is explained in senences 5 8, bu i does no presen he main claim. 6. (H) he quesion asks which opion would provide he bes suppor for senence 8. Senence 8 expresses he idea ha he library helps communiy members mee heir need for human connecion and companionship. Opion H is correc because i provides suppor for senence 8 and srenghens he connecion beween he 65

166 SAMPLE ES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form B informaion in senence 8 and he main claim of he passage by lising examples of how people can connec a he library. Opion E is incorrec because i references he hisory of he library, which does no suppor he idea in senence 8 or he main claim of he passage. Opion F is incorrec because, alhough i inroduces he idea of communiy meeings, i does no suppor he idea in senence 8. Opion G is incorrec because i menions expecaions by he communiy members and brings up a new idea ha is unrelaed o he main claim of he passage and ha does no provide suppor for senence (A) he quesion asks for he revision of senence ha bes mainains he formal syle esablished in he passage. Opion A correcly mainains he formal syle by using people insead of you and he more formal language resources available and accomplish many asks. Opion B is incorrec because i uses second person, direcly addressing he reader, which is informal. Opion C is incorrec because, even hough i does no use second person, i uses informal language like work on and hings. Opion D is incorrec because i uses he informal phrase whaever you need o do in addiion o informally addressing he reader hrough he use of second person. 8. (G) he quesion asks where senence 7 should be moved in order o improve he organizaion of he fourh paragraph. Senence 7 describes a ypical librarian and he assisance he or she provides in he library. Opion G correcly places senence 7, an example of wha else he librarian does, afer he librarian is inroduced in senence. Opion E is incorrec because i places he senence before he main idea of he paragraph, which saes ha public libraries offer a variey of resources. Senence 7 is an example of one of he resources, so i would no be placed a he beginning of he paragraph before he main idea. Opion F is incorrec because i moves he senence o before he librarian is inroduced in he paragraph. Opion H is incorrec because senences 5 and 6 have shifed away from he opic of he librarian, so he deails in senence 7 would no logically fi beween hem. 9. (B) he quesion asks for a concluding senence ha would follow senence 9 and suppor he argumen presened in he passage. Opion B is correc because i logically follows senence 9 and suppors he argumen ha he public library faciliaes connecions wihin a communiy and provides valuable services some a no cos by urging communiy members o use, mainain, and suppor heir local public library. Opion A is incorrec because i does no provide a logical conclusion ha fully suppors he argumen in he passage; he senence addresses only one benefi of having a public library, ignoring he valuable services and resources i provides. Opion C is incorrec because i presens he idea ha he library has been in exisence since 8, which does no logically provide a conclusion for he passage or suppor he argumen developed in he passage. Opion D is incorrec because i presens a new claim communiy leaders mus work ogeher o suppor library evens insead of a conclusion ha suppors he argumen presened in he passage. READING COMPREHENSION he unguska Fireball 0. (H) he quesion asks for evidence ha bes suppors a deail in he passage. When scieniss were able o ravel o he sie almos wo decades afer he blas, hey found a circle of scorched and downed rees ha marked he blas sie (paragraph ), making Opion H he correc answer. Opion E is incorrec because, alhough he scieniss searched for a craer, hey never found one (paragraph ). Opion F is also incorrec because he remors recorded a a seismic saion housands of miles away deailed he magniude of he even, no he locaion (paragraph ). Opion G is incorrec because, alhough hus were flaened when he blas occurred, he desrucion of he hus was no eviden when he sie was found almos wo decades laer (paragraph ).. (A) he quesion asks why he June 0 dae bears significance o some scieniss. Scieniss noed ha Earh was passing hrough comeary debris on June 0, 908 (paragraph ), which suppors he idea saed in Opion A, making i he correc response. Opion B is incorrec because, while i saes a deail from he passage, he deail is no conneced o he June 0 dae. Opion C is incorrec because i saes a heory regarding he cause of he impac ha is no ied o he dae of June 0. Opion D is incorrec because his deail is used in he passage o sugges ha such a blas could no have been caused by a come.. (E) he quesion asks for he evidence found afer Galli s analysis. Galli discovered unusually high levels of some elemens, such as copper, gold, and nickel, which are common elemens in paricles from ouer space ha were abundan in he ree resin (paragraph 6), as saed in Opion E. Opion F is incorrec because i refers o a 66

167 SAMPLE ES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form B prior finding of Galli s, no wha his analysis of he ree resin revealed. Opion G is incorrec because, alhough he spruce rees did survive he blas, hey were he rees Galli sudied raher han a revelaion from his sudies. Opion H is incorrec because i was previously known ha meeories conained hese elemens, and ha informaion was no revealed by Galli s analysis.. (B) he quesion asks for he mos likely reason i was difficul for scieniss o discover he sie of he unguska explosion. Paragraph noes ha he sie of he blas was very remoe, as saed in Opion Opion A is incorrec because none of he possible blas explanaions menioned in he passage sugges a nuclear explosion or radioaciviy. Opion C is incorrec because, even before visiing he sie, scieniss debaed possible causes of he explosion (paragraphs ). Opion D is incorrec because he passage saes in paragraph ha no evidence of a craer, or craers, was ever found.. (F) he quesions asks for an explanaion of how paragraph suppors he passage. Paragraph provides several examples of he severe damage caused by he explosion, as saed in Opion F. Opion E is incorrec because he scienific aspecs of he explosion are no discussed unil laer in he passage. Opion G is incorrec because paragraph discusses some of he effecs of he blas raher han he poenial cause. Alhough human suffering is one deail described in paragraph, his is no he primary evidence of he explosion s desrucion, making Opion H incorrec. 5. (D) he quesion asks how he quesions a he end of he las paragraph affec he passage. Alhough he passage inroduces a number of heories abou he unguska explosion, no definiive explanaion has been reached. his idea is saed in Opion Opion A is incorrec because, alhough he passage does no discourage furher sudy, i does no specifically promoe i. Opion B is incorrec because, alhough he auhor presens muliple possible causes, he passage suggess ha he damage was mos likely caused by one of hese possibiliies raher han several of hem simulaneously. he auhor is cerainly curious abou he acual cause of he unguska explosion bu objecively presens he quesions abou i ha remain unanswered, making Opion C incorrec. Excerp from A Voice in he Wilderness 6. (G) he quesion asks how he phrase affecs he one in he firs par of he excerp. he phrase includes he words all hree and aken he rouble, emphasizing Margare s early frusraion as she recalls wih some confused irriaion ha he men hough she needed an abundance of help earlier, bu none of hem is around o help when he rain sops, as indicaed in Opion G. Opion E is incorrec because when Margare recalls he ineracion, here is no indicaion ha she blames he men for her curren problem. Opion F is incorrec because, while he descripion of how Margare hasily [gahers] up her belongings and [hurries] down he aisle (paragraph ) gives he appearance of being defian, here is no evidence ha she inenionally pu herself in his vulnerable posiion jus o make a poin. Opion H is incorrec because when Margare recalls he ineracion, here is no evidence ha she appreciaes he care shown o her, bu raher she seems a bi offended ha he men do no hink she could ake care of herself, as shown by he auhor s descripion of he forceful way she exis he rain wihou assisance when i sops. 7. (C) he quesion asks for evidence from he passage ha bes suppors he claim ha Margare is unfamiliar wih raveling o new places. If Margare has never raveled o his region by rain before, she mus guess or aemp o inerpre wha she sees. his idea is bes represened in he senence in paragraph (Opion C) where she quesions wheher he saions in he Wes have plaforms. he senence in paragraph (Opion A) is an incorrec response because Margare s acions in he senence are decisive as she gahers her belongings o disembark; she is familiar wih rail ravel. he senence in paragraph (Opion B) is an incorrec response because, in he senence, Margare is using her knowledge abou rains o aemp o inerpre he acions of ohers; she is familiar wih rains, even if a paricular desinaion has no been menioned. he senence in paragraph (Opion D) is an incorrec response because, while he senence shows ha Margare is rying o beer undersand her siuaion in he darkness, her abiliy o idenify he rain s engine and he figures carrying lanerns indicaes some familiariy wih her mode of ravel. 8. (H) he quesion asks which senence correcly explains he connecion beween he senence from paragraph and he overall plo of he excerp. he rain s need o sop for waer is no eviden o Margare, which causes he exernal conflic. he senence from paragraph reveals how Margare s confusion over her bes course of acion prevens her from recognizing he naure of he exernal conflic; herefore, Opion H is correc. Opion E is incorrec because Margare s reliance 67

168 SAMPLE ES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form B on ohers is no demonsraed in he senence, and her reliance on ohers does no conribue o he exernal conflic. Opion F is incorrec because her concern for he opinion of ohers is no he main cause for her exernal conflic. Opion G is incorrec because Margare s indecision has no effec on he cause of he conflic. 9. (B) he quesion asks how he simile in he senence from paragraph reflecs he one of he paragraph. he image of wo or hree fireflies creaing small specks of ligh in he darkness creaes a sense of isolaion or loneliness in Margare, as shown in he senence, A sudden feeling of isolaion ook possession of her (paragraph ). herefore, Opion B is correc. Opion A is incorrec because Margare is confused and indecisive, showing her discomfor wih her siuaion. Opion C is incorrec because Margare expresses disress in her siuaion, quesions her decision, and worries abou being labeled a fool (paragraph ). Opion D is incorrec because he simile is mean o show how far away hings are from Margare, no creae a feeling of dread, which develops laer in paragraph (H) he quesion asks for an explanaion of wha he imagery in he excerp from paragraph 9 conveys. he words useless and failure in he senence indicae ha Margare s bes effors do no help her. he phrase he las car slaed iself pas shows ha Margare is helpless o sop he rain from deparing, which leaves her compleely vulnerable, as described in Opion H. Opion E is incorrec because describing Margare s sickening sense of error indicaes ha she is exremely afraid of being lef behind raher han increasingly irriaed wih he oher passengers. Opion F is incorrec because Margare spends her ime screaming, running, rying o arac some one s aenion in an effor o be noiced so ha he rain will sop, no aemping o run as fas as he rain. Opion G is incorrec because while Margre s screaming and running could easily sugges feelings of anger, descripions of her sickening sense of error and failure indicae oherwise.. (A) he quesion asks abou he relaionship beween he heme and paragraph 9, where Margare desperaely ries o ge someone on he rain o noice her. One imporan heme of his excerp concerns Margare s willingness o ake acion o ensure ha she reaches her desinaion. his deerminaion, described in Opion A, is why she gahers her belongings ogeher wihou help, ges off he rain wihou being assised by employees, and hen aemps o climb back on while he rain employees are busy examining he engine. Opion B is incorrec because, while he narraor describes her screaming as useless, she does no feel ha her effors overall are useless, and she does no give up unil paragraph 0. Opion C is incorrec because, while Margare is feeling a sense of failure in paragraph 9, she does no condemn herself as he rain moves away. Opion D is incorrec because Margare has expressed error in paragraph 9 over being unable o cach someone s aenion, no frusraion over her lack of conrol over her surroundings.. (H) he quesion asks for wha he figuraive language illusraes in he senence. As Margare sands and reaches ou helpless hands, he language used o describe he rain as swinging auningly and having a leer in is eye confirms Margare s fears of being lef alone and feeling foolish; here is nohing she can do o change he siuaion, as expressed in Opion H. Opion E is incorrec because, while he image of Margare s helpless hands dropping a her sides could sugges a sense of doub, he figuraive language in he senence emphasizes a differen feeling abou her siuaion and does no indicae her inenions. Opion F is incorrec because, while he figuraive language seems o give a malevolen qualiy o he rain, i is no referring o he people onboard, who are described in paragraph 8 as comforable and safe inside, unconscious of her need. Opion G is incorrec because, while Margare is worried in paragraph abou embarrassing herself, she now feels dazed because she is overwhelmed wih he seriousness of wha has jus happened.. (A) he quesion asks how paragraph helps shape he overall plo of he excerp. In paragraph 5, Margare assumes here is a saion, I was probably on he oher [side], bu she was sanding oo near he cars o see, bu in paragraph, he saion ha had been so real in Margare s mind acually does no exis, supporing Opion A as he correc response. Opion B is incorrec because Margare s main problem is no ha she has imagined he saion on he oher side of he rain bu ha i acually isn here. Opion C is incorrec because, while Margare seems somewha in awe of her surroundings in paragraph and she gasped in paragraph, her exclamaion is one of shock a he discovery, no surprise over an unexpeced advenure. Opion D is incorrec because he paragraph mainly describes wha Margare does in he paricular siuaion she is currenly in bu does no explain or provide deails ha give insigh o Margare s personaliy in general. 68

169 SAMPLE ES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form B. (G) he quesion asks how he deails abou he seing suppor he heme of he excerp. In paragraph, phrases such as vas dome of curving blue and he beauy of he lonely nigh describe he beauy of he place. However, in paragraph, he auhor wries, no building broke he inky oulines of he plain, nor friendly ligh sreamed ou o cheer her hear o express how alone Margare really is. hese phrases demonsrae ha Opion G is correc. Opion E is incorrec because posiive phrases such as larges, mos wonderful sars show ha Margare is no overwhelmed by he darkness. Opion F is incorrec because, while Margare is feeling helpless and alone a he recen realizaion ha here is no saion (paragraph ), he descripions of he landscape, which focus on he beauy and myseriousness of he place, do no signify hope bu raher how quie and isolaed he locaion is. Opion H is incorrec because, while Margare has expressed fear in paragraphs 9, he deails in paragraphs do no show ha she is discouraged bu raher ha she is aware of her siuaion because she sees no buildings or ligh. Excerp from Niagara Falls 5. (D) he quesion asks for a specific deail from paragraph ha conveys he cenral idea ha he Falls communicaes a feeling of uninelligible disaser (paragraph ). he sound of falling is described in paragraph as a noise of unspecified ruin, so Opion D is correc because i bes connecs wih he idea of uninelligible disaser menioned in paragraph. Opion A is incorrec because, alhough he waer is described as diaphanous as a precious sone in paragraph because of he glow coming from he ineracion of he ligh, here are no sones wihin he waer. Opion B is incorrec because he deails in paragraph abou he flow of colors in he waer are described as an ever-alering wonder, which conveys a sense of beauy and no a sense of disaser. Opion C is incorrec because he rainbows in paragraph are described as vivid and accompanying someone coureously while he or she walks, which conribues o he idea ha he appearance and disappearance of he rainbows are a pleasan experience and no disasrous. 6. (G) he quesion asks for he effec of he comparison being made in he senence in paragraph. he word lacework in he senence suggess an elegan piece of crafsmanship, and he one long curain and exraordinarily level aspecs of he Falls mean ha he Falls are uniform or consisen; herefore, Opion G is correc. Opion E is incorrec because neiher lacework and woven foam, nor he qualiy of being exremely level, are relaed o imelessness. Opion F is incorrec because, while a curain may sugges he idea of somehing being hidden or secre, he descripion of a delicae lacework curain does no sugges his purpose. Opion H is incorrec because lacework is generally fragile and does no sugges grea srengh. 7. (C) he quesion asks for he saemen ha bes describes how he senence from paragraph fis ino he overall srucure of he excerp. he firs senence of paragraph moves he descripion beyond he foo of he Falls o he river and hen begins o describe his locaion before confirming i again wih he words hese are he lower rapids. his emphasis on he shif in locaion is bes saed in Opion C, making i he correc response. Opion A is incorrec because, as he firs senence in paragraph saes, he paragraph describes he river and no aspecs of he Falls. Opion B is incorrec because he enire paragraph describes only he lieral movemens of he river. Opion D is incorrec because he feaures of he rapids, as described in paragraph, are all obvious and no hidden. 8. (E) he quesion asks for he senence from he excerp ha bes suppors he idea ha he essence of he Falls lies in heir emoional impac. he firs senence in he excerp esablishes he real secre of he beauy and error of he Falls... lies in he feeling of colossal power and uninelligible disaser. Opion E is correc because he senence in Opion A bes suppors his noion by idenifying hese qualiies as he hear, or essence, of he Falls. While delicae and fragile are words ha can be conneced wih cerain kinds of emoions, in he senence in Opion F, hey are conneced wih physical beauy, so Opion F is incorrec. Opion G is incorrec because, while he senence in Opion G describes he power of he Falls o engage one in hough, i does no bes suppor he idea ha he essence of he Falls lies in heir emoional impac. Opion H is incorrec because he senence in Opion H describes houghs one may have while waching he Falls and is no focused on he Falls emoional impac. 9. (D) he quesion asks how he senence from paragraph conribues o he developmen of ideas in he excerp. he descripion of cloudy houghs of desiny and he passage of empires in he senence refers o he ypes of houghs a person migh have while observing he Falls, as saed in Opion Opion A is incorrec because he senence focuses on he idea ha he Falls are a place of grea conemplaion bu does no clarify ha hese houghs are life-changing. Opion 69

170 SAMPLE ES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form B B is incorrec because he senence does no describe focused houghs of a personal naure; he grand, sweeping naure of he falls inspire houghs of he same caliber as he passage of empires. Opion C is incorrec because he senence is abou how he Falls inspire grea houghs bu is no abou how difficul i is o grasp he grandeur of he Falls. 0. (F) he quesion asks how he discussion of human life and hisory is illusraed in paragraph of he excerp. he auhor concludes in paragraph ha he Falls can be compared o people and hisory by wriing, boh men and naions are hurried onwards o heir ruin or ending as ineviably as his dark flood, making Opion F correc. Opion E is incorrec because he discussion of rainbows in paragraph focuses on he fae of ar and beauy, no of humaniy ( I could no ge ou of my mind he hough of a friend, who said ha he rainbows over he Falls were like he ars and beauy and goodness, wih regard o he sream of life caused by i, hrown upon is spray, bu unable o say or direc or affec i, and ceasing when i ceased ). Opion G is incorrec because, in paragraph, he auhor alks abou people in general when discussing men and naions and provides no evidence of he differences in specific individuals experience of he Falls. Opion H is incorrec because, while he seing a nigh does provide a place of conemplaion, he auhor noes he dark flood as he overall illusraion of he human experience.. (A) he quesion asks for he saemen he auhor would agree wih mos. In paragraph, he auhor saes ha he Falls make a person feel wih an almos insupporable and ye comforing ceriude, ha boh men and naions are hurried onwards o heir ruin or ending. Laer, he final senence says, Wih some such houghs does he plaiudinous hear win from he confusion and hunder of a Niagara peace. his senence suppors he auhor s belief ha a person can find peace in acceping he cerainy of his or her own ending, as expressed in Opion Opion B is incorrec because he auhor does no discuss regres in he excerp. Opion C is incorrec because, while he excerp discusses fear when looking a he power of he Falls, he excerp does no suppor he idea ha one should defy fear. Opion D is incorrec because he excerp saes in paragraph ha ar is unable o say. Uncovering he Pas. (E) he quesion asks for a summary of wha he goal of modern archaeology is in general. he passage is mosly abou how archaeology has evolved from effors o discover ancien arwork and museum pieces o using echnology o piece ogeher a sense of life in early civilizaions, which is bes described in Opion E. Opion F is incorrec because i saes he goal of archaeology in he pas, no in modern imes. Opion G is incorrec because finding selemens is no he goal bu jus he firs sep in he modern archaeological process. Opion H is incorrec because i saes he goal of radiional, raher han modern, archaeology.. (B) he quesion asks wha arifacs a radiional archaeologis would be ineresed in finding based on he maerial in he passage. he passage explains ha, unlike modern archaeologiss, radiional archaeologiss are ineresed in valuable iems from he pas raher han learning abou he people from he pas and heir lifesyles. Jewelry and ceramics are examples of valuable iems, which makes Opion B correc. Opion A is incorrec because human skeleons would be valuable o modern archaeologiss, no radiional archaeologiss. Opion C is incorrec because i is a deail ha relaes o modern archaeologiss effors o sudy people, no jus valuable iems. Opion D is incorrec because he remains of animals would also advance he goals of modern, raher han radiional, archaeologiss.. (E) he quesion asks how paragraph suppors he srucure of he passage. he firs paragraph provides hisory on he field of archaeology, specifically wha has come o be known as radiional archaeology. Paragraph describes how modern archaeology differs from radiional archaeology, which is deailed in Opion E. Opion F is incorrec because paragraph provides no suppor for paragraph. Opion G is incorrec because paragraph provides facs abou modern archaeology and does no inroduce a heory. he remainder of he passage describes how modern archaeology was used a one specific dig, which is no menioned in paragraph, making Opion H incorrec. 5. (B) he quesion asks for he concluding senence ha bes summarizes he informaion from paragraph. Paragraph explains ha Camelia s age was deermined hrough an examinaion of her eeh, which makes he conclusion in Opion B he correc answer. Opion A is incorrec because he excavaion discussed in he paragraph is a a house, no a heaer or emple. Opion C is incorrec because, alhough Camelia s body was smaller han a hireen-year-old s would be expeced o be, he passage does no go ino enough deail o sugges ha all people from he pas were smaller han people 70

171 SAMPLE ES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form B are oday. Opion D is also incorrec because here is no evidence in he passage of Camelia s deah being he resul of a crime. 6. (H) he quesion asks wha archaeologiss learned abou he ancien culure based on he evidence found in paragraphs 5. Paragraph 5 saes ha a paleoboanis idenified four domesicaed grains wihin a bake oven a he sie, which suppors Opion H. Opion E is incorrec because here is no enough evidence in eiher paragraph o suppor he broad assumpion ha people in Kourion had a beer die han people oday. Opion F is incorrec because he passage menions he discovery of he remains of only one domesicaed animal, which does no suppor he idea ha Kourion people kep a wide variey of domesicaed animals. Opion G is incorrec because paragraph saes ha Camelia s age was deermined o be abou hireen a he ime of her deah, bu since her deah was likely caused by a naural disaser, he suggesion ha all Kourion people had a shorer life expecancy han people oday is no suppored. 7. (D) he quesion asks for he sronges reason for he auhor menioning he zooarchaeologis in he passage. he primary purpose of he passage is o explain and describe modern archaeology, he echnology i employs, and various aspecs of he field. Zooarchaeology is a specialy wihin he field, which is saed in Opion Opion A is incorrec because oher arifacs found near Camelia could have been inroduced wihou menioning he zooarchaeologis. Opion B is incorrec because he ex does no sae any comparisons beween zooarchaeologiss and paleoarchaeologiss. Opion C is incorrec because he passage does no provide a lis of archaeological specialiss. Snowy Mounains 8. (F) he quesion asks how he descripion in he firs sanza helps esablish a cenral idea of he poem. he poem is mosly abou he grandeur of he mounains in spie of he spread of civilizaion. he firs sanza conrass hese wo elemens, which is saed in Opion F. Opion E is incorrec because i is a deail ha is referenced laer in he poem. Opion G is incorrec because he poem acually communicaes he message ha people do no recognize he greaness of he mounains. Opion H is incorrec because, alhough he firs sanza menions he size of he mounains, i does no imply ha people canno see how large he mounains are. 9. (B) he quesion asks how he parallel srucure of lines and 5 affec he poem. Lines and 5 communicae he feeling ha he mounains are even higher and vaser han can be comprehended upon firs view. his observaion reflecs he awe ha he speaker feels, which is reinforced by he parallel srucure of he lines, as saed in Opion Opion A is incorrec because he speaker never hins a fear when describing he mounains. Opion C is incorrec because i reflecs a lieral inerpreaion of he figuraive language in he wo parallel lines: he mounains do no acually grow larger bu are simply larger han can be undersood a firs. Opion D is incorrec because he parallel srucure of lines and 5 is no mean o sress any sor of conras beween heigh and area bu o reinforce he speaker s feeling by complemening each oher. 0. (E) he quesion asks how he line from he poem helps develop he heme of he poem. Line 5 helps develop he heme ha he mounains are more imporan han people realize by suggesing ha he mounains serve a noble, foundaional purpose in he world, as explained in Opion E. Opion F is incorrec because, while he poem does describe he srengh and permanence of he mounains, he line does no sugges ha hese rais arac he clouds. Opion G is incorrec because, while he line saes ha he highes peaks are a res, he mounains menioned in he poem have already been harmed by human influence and do no remain unamed or unouched. Opion H is incorrec because, while pillars are srong and may indicae sheler, here is no suggesion in he line ha he mounains are proecing he people. Addiionally, his concep is no a heme of he poem.. (D) he quesion asks how he isolaion of he word affecs he meaning of he poem. he isolaion of he word Uprise powerfully emphasizes he firs sanza s descripion of he magnificen mounains sanding all above he land below, as expressed in Opion Opion A is incorrec because he word describes he mounains and, herefore, does no creae a conras beween he plaeau and he ciy buildings, bu raher beween he mounains and he plaeau. Opion B is incorrec because he word conrass he mounains wih he plaeau; i does no compare he mounains o he buildings in he ciy. Opion C is incorrec because he firs sanza describes he already developed land over which he mounains rise.. (G) he quesion asks how he poe develops he speaker s poin of view in he second sanza. In he 7

172 SAMPLE ES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form B second sanza, he speaker criicizes he desrucive acions of he world (lines 8 and 0) agains he mounains acions such as unneling heir granie cliffs (line ) and desroying he lonely fragmens of heir peace (line ) as described in Opion G. Opion E is incorrec because he speaker s descripions of he mounains grandeur mainly occur in he firs and hird sanzas, while in he second sanza, he speaker focuses on humaniy and is negaive effec on he mounains. Opion F is incorrec because he wording of he second sanza makes war (line 0), Splis down heir shining sides (line ), and Desroys he lonely fragmens (line ) communicaes he speaker s posiion ha people s main impac on he mounains is desrucive; he wording does no illusrae differen ways people impac he naural environmen. Opion H is incorrec because no benefi o he mounains is described by he speaker in he second sanza.. (D) he quesion asks for he line from he poem ha bes suppors he idea ha people have forfeied naural beauy for profi. Adverisemens are ofen used as a means o gain a profi, as implied by he soap adverisemen in line (Opion D). Addiionally, he word Plasers, in line, communicaes a negaive connoaion for he use of adverisemens on he priceless naural beauy of he mounains, making Opion D he correc response. Opion A is incorrec because, while ciy roofs may spoil he naural beauy, hey do no direcly symbolize financial gain or profi in line. Opion B is incorrec because, alhough making a profi migh have been he roo cause of he damage ha was done o he mounains, making war on he mounains is no a direc message abou profi or financial gain in line 0. Opion C is incorrec because, alhough unneling hrough he mounains affecs he naural beauy of he mounains, i does no direcly symbolize financial gain or profi in line.. (F) he quesion asks for he deail from he poem ha reflecs he speaker s view ha people ofen fail o appreciae ha which is familiar. Line 9 (Opion F) mos direcly suppors his idea by implying ha he mounains have been here for so long ha people are accusomed o seeing hem and no longer appreciae heir beauy and value, making Opion F he correc response. Opion E is incorrec because line 6 describes he mounains locaion, raher han heir longeviy or familiariy. Opion G is incorrec because, in line, he menion of harm ha has been done o he mounains does no connec o a sense of overfamiliariy. Opion H is incorrec because, alhough line 8 alludes o he longeviy of he mounains, i does no connec he longeviy wih a sense of overfamiliariy or he failure of people o appreciae he mounains worh. 5. (A) he quesion asks how he deails in he hird sanza conribue o he developmen of he heme of he poem. In he hird sanza, phrases such as Wilderness sill unamed (line 7), ime-resising sorm-worn sone (line ), and he mounains swing along (line ) convey he message ha in spie of he desrucion described in he second sanza, he mounains manage o mainain heir wild magnificence. his message is communicaed in Opion Opion B is incorrec because, while he phrase Barrier broken down (line ) conveys he idea ha people can have some effec on he naural landscape, i does no convey how naure affecs people. Opion C is incorrec because he phrase hose who do no heed (line ) implies a choice o damage naure and no a lack of awareness or undersanding. Opion D is incorrec because he hird sanza is no a call o humaniy o respec he mounains bu a descripion of he unamed, welcoming mounains and he joy hey provide for hose who appreciae hem. 6. (G) he quesion asks how he lines help convey he speaker s poin of view. he words hose who do no need / he joy in lines sugges he speaker s sadness ha people do no realize ha hey are desroying somehing wonderful and irreplaceable, as expressed in Opion G. Opion E is incorrec because he word barrier (line ) refers o he speaker s opinion ha he mounains were spread by Gods (line 9) and no o an obsacle ha he speaker hinks should be removed. Opion F is incorrec because, while he lines indicae ha people have los he need o connec wih naure, hey do no reveal ha he speaker hinks ha he cause of his loss is busyness. Opion H is incorrec because, alhough he speaker does say ha he sone is imeresising (line ), his belief is only a small deail of he speaker s poin of view. 7. (A) he quesion asks wha he personificaion in he lines suggess in he poem. Line 5 s use of he word Welcoming suggess ha he mounains are kind hoss. Lines and 6, wih language such as he mounains swing along and he miss ha dance and drive before he sun, imply he carefree naure of he mounains as hey resis he desrucive work of humaniy. herefore, Opion A is correc. Opion B is incorrec because he wording in he lines is posiive and vicorious, wih no language o sugges coming desrucion. Opion C is incorrec because, alhough he lines menion ha he mounains swing along (line ) and he miss... dance (line 6), he personificaion is used o describe he 7

173 SAMPLE ES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form B mounains perseverance, raher han o sugges ha he mounains are eneraining ohers. Opion D is incorrec because he lines refer o he joy of he mounains as hey swing along (line ) and do no sugges pride. he Invenion of he elegraph 8. (H) he quesion asks for he bes explanaion of how he use of problem-soluion in paragraph helps develop he ideas in he passage. Opion H is correc because i explains ha Morse realized his problem was ha he was no knowledgeable enough o coninue his experimenaion wihou help, so he soluion was o seek help from a colleague. Opion E is incorrec because, while he discussion on he ship fascinaed Morse and reminded him of he lecures he had aended a Yale College, i was his failed aemps wih elecriciy ha caused him o reach ou o Gail for help. Opion F is incorrec because, while Morse found when he began o develop his idea ha he had lile real undersanding of he naure of elecriciy (paragraph ), he paragraph does no sae ha he was discouraged; i was his failed experimenaion ha resuled in him firs realizing ha he needed help. Opion G is incorrec because he paragraph saes ha Morse came o undersand how [Faraday s elecromagne] worked, and ha undersanding is wha caused him o hink abou sending messages over a wire; Also, Morse s difficuly was in undersanding he properies of elecriciy in general once he began his experimenaion. 9. (B) he quesion asks how he use of sequencing, or arranging in chronological order, in paragraph conribues o he overall srucure of he passage. Paragraph oulines he informaion ha Gale knew who Henry was ( Well before Morse had his shipboard idea abou a elegraph, Henry rang a bell a a disance by opening and closing an elecric circui ) and ha Gale old Morse. Gale s inpu was crucial o Morse s elegraph sysem, and hiring Vail was an addiional and necessary help. herefore, Opion B is correc because he creaion of Morse s elegraph involved a series of seps ha each buil upon earlier ideas and invenions from ohers, such as Henry, Gale, and Vail. Opion A is incorrec because, alhough he invenions and advancemens of ohers assised in he developmen of he elegraph, he passage does no sugges ha he oher men were aemping o creae heir own elegraph sysems. Opion C is incorrec because he only oher long-disance communicaion sysem menioned in he passage is he oudaed semaphore sysem discussed in paragraph. Opion D is incorrec because he elegraph sysem was in developmen for more han en years because of he lack of funding and he need for furher experimenaion. 50. (F) he quesion asks wha he words dramaic and specacularly convey in he senence. Morse and Cornell rushed o pos he wires overhead, and he rigid deadline (paragraph 7) was successfully me. he words have a posiive and vicorious one ha is consisen wih he feeling of wonder ha i worked and of celebraion ha he consrucion was compleed, making Opion F correc. Opion E is incorrec because, while here may have been some feelings of relief and fulfilmen ha he lines were in place, he passage does no say so, and insead i focuses on he wonder and joy Morse and Cornell fel overcoming sebacks and compleing he consrucion of Morse s elegraph sysem. Opion G is incorrec because he passage does no share wheher Morse or Cornell considered he fuure possibiliies of he elegraph, only ha he finished produc was dramaic, implying i was amazing o see. Opion H is incorrec because, while he passage laer discusses he expansion of overhead wires up and down he Alanic coas and how hey conneced he coninens of Europe and America (paragraph 8), here is no evidence shared in he passage ha Morse planned o coninue his work wih elecriciy. 5. (A) he quesion asks for suppor from he passage for he idea ha Morse was aware of his limiaions. Opion A is correc because he senence from paragraph deails he maerials wih which Morse experimened unsuccessfully before urning o ohers for assisance. Opion B is incorrec because, alhough he senence from paragraph noes ha Gale provided necessary assisance, i makes no reference o Morse admiing defea and requesing his help. Opion C is incorrec because, alhough he senence from paragraph makes i clear ha Henry, Gail, and Vail conribued o Morse s success, he senence does no specifically say ha Morse realized ha he needed assisance o succeed. Opion D is incorrec because he senence from paragraph 7 refers o Morse seeking help from Ezra Cornell in consrucing his sysem, no in developing a way o make i work. 5. (F) he quesion asks how a passage secion helps convey a cenral idea of he passage. Paragraph saes ha Henry s experimens, Gale s assisance, and, soon afer, hiring he young echnician Alfred Vail were keys o Morse s success. he level of ineres inspired Morse and ohers o work ogeher o find a way o use elecriciy o send long-disance messages. Opion F is correc; he secion helps convey a cenral idea 7

174 SAMPLE ES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form B because, overall, he secion focuses on wha fascinaed Morse enough o begin his work and how ohers were jus as ineresed and willing o work o achieve his goal. Opion E is incorrec because, alhough he word collaboraive suggess ha muliple people conribued o he elegraph s success, he opion does no clarify he research and effor needed in order o undersand how o use elecriciy o send signals. Opion G is incorrec because when Morse came o undersand how Faraday s elecromagne worked, Morse wondered if i migh be possible o send a coded message over a wire, bu ha hough laer evolved ino he elegraph only afer more research and experimenaion. Opion H is incorrec because he influence of wha Morse learned a Yale was only a minor facor in his developmen of he elegraph. 5. (B) he quesion asks how he graph suppors he ideas in paragraph 8. he graph shows he number of messages ransmied from 870 o 90. In 90 almos 60 million messages were ransmied, showing a dramaic almos double increase from 90, which makes Opion B he correc answer. Opion A is incorrec because, while i can be implied from he expansion shown on he graph ha people possibly welcomed he improvemen in long-disance communicaion, he graph does no sae his explicily. Opion C is incorrec because he graph does no show how many people used he elegraph, bu raher i shows he number of messages sen. Addiionally, paragraph 8 provides no deails abou hesiaion on he par of individuals. Opion D is incorrec because, while improvemens in recording and inerpreing code were made, he graph does no show he effec of his advancemen on he speed or number of messages being ransmied. 5. (G) he quesion asks for he bes summary of Morse s effors o fund he consrucion of his elegraph sysem. Opion G is correc because i deails all he seps ha resuled in Morse obaining he appropriaion, or $0,000 needed. Opion E is incorrec because i focuses on wha Morse did while his applicaion for he funding was delayed. Opion F is incorrec because, while i begins wih Morse applying for he gran, i focuses on he process required for he governmen o approve he appropriaion. Opion H is incorrec because i relaes how Morse worked wih ohers o develop his ideas abou he elegraph before applying for funding for is consrucion. 55. (A) he quesion asks how he map provides addiional suppor for a cenral idea of he passage. he map shows he elegraph line crossing coninens in 90, jus fory-four years afer he firs message was sen in 858. his is a much greaer disance han he firs line Morse buil beween he Supreme Cour chamber of he Capiol building and he railroad saion in Balimore (paragraph 7), making Opion A correc. Opion B is incorrec because he map shows he disance he line covers; i does no indicae Morse s lack of foresigh in seeking paens only in Norh America. Opion C is incorrec because, while Gale s advice was crucial o Morse s success, he map shows he physical line sreching across coninens many years laer, afer heir iniial work. Opion D is incorrec because, while i can be inferred ha he elegraph had influence across he world, he amoun of influence canno be deermined. 56. (E) he quesion asks for informaion ha conveys he idea ha he Unied Saes was mosly unaware of he possibiliies of elecriciy in he mid-nineeenh cenury. he passage saes ha mos signaling sysems a he ime were visual or semaphore sysems using flags or lighs (paragraph ) and ha he Unied Saes was looking for jus such a sysem along is enire Alanic coas (paragraph ). Opion E is correc because waving lighs and flags reveals how limiing and simple he sysem of he ime was, and Opion E saes ha he Unied Saes waned o expand his sysem, no improve upon i. Opion F is incorrec because he delay in funding had o do wih he Panic of 87 and he long depression (paragraph 5), no because he House of Represenaives was no aware or ready for innovaion in he use of elecriciy. Opion G is incorrec because i focuses on wha promped Morse o consider an elecronic wire-based communicaions sysem. Opion H is incorrec because i describes a basic aspec of an early elecrical discovery ha demonsraed he ineres of scieniss in he possibiliies of elecriciy, no he Unied Saes as a whole. 57. (D) he quesion asks which saemen bes represens a viewpoin held by he auhor of he passage. Paragraph 8 saes ha elegraph lines soon exended wesward, and wihin Morse s own lifeime hey conneced he coninens of Europe and America. herefore, Opion D is correc because he auhor presens Morse s elegraph as a grea leap in he abiliy o quickly communicae messages over disances never before imagined. Opion A is incorrec because he auhor explains ha he aboveground wiring was used only because Cornell suggesed ha [i was] he fases and cheapes way (paragraph 7), no because i would be more successful. Opion B is incorrec because he auhor conveys he imporance of his advancemen in communicaion wihou providing deailed informaion abou elecrical sysems. Opion C is incorrec because, 7

175 SAMPLE ES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form B while he Panic of 87 caused a delay in Morse s funding, he auhor shows ha Morse received he appropriaion in 8 and was able o overcome he financial seback he faced. 75

176 SAMPLE ES MAHEMAICS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS FORM BB 58. (0) here are 5 choices for he firs digi, choices for he second digi, choices for he hird digi, choices for he fourh digi, and choice for he final digi. he oal number of possibiliies is 5 = () 7 x = 7 x = x = 60. (.) ( 6) ( 5) =. 6.6 =. 6.6 =. 6. (00) Le x be he oal number of pages in he workbook. hen, 0% of x is 60. Se up a proporion and solve for x: 0 = x 0x = 6,000 6,000 x = = 00 pages 0 6. (65) Call he missing angle in he op half of he figure x. he sum of he four angles on he op of he figure is equal o 80. x + y = 80 Since x is a verical angle wih he 5 angle, hen x is also 5. Use ha o solve for y. 5 + y = 80 y + 5 = 80 y = (D) x( x y) = 9[ 9 ( 7) ] = 9( 9 + ) = 9() = (E) Find he missing angle, angle QP, of riangle PQ: = 60 In parallelogram PQRS, angle QP is congruen o angle QRS, so he measure of angle QRS is also (D) Break he equaions apar o each equal M: M = N M = P M = Q + 5 M = R 7 Pick a number o subsiue ino he equaions, and solve he equaions o find he values of M, N, P, Q, and R. Le M =. Since all he equaions are equal o, subsiue o find each variable. M = N = N = N M = P = P 8 = P M = Q + 5 = Q + 5 = Q M = R 7 = R 7 = R Variable R has he greaes value. 76

177 SAMPLE ES MAHEMAICS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form B 66. (G) Se up a proporion: x = x =, 8 x = bundles 67. (C) Se up an inequaliy o compare he coss: 0.5x 0.50 x 70 herefore, 70 individual shees of paper would cos $0.50, so 69 is he greaes number of individual shees of paper ha Macie can buy ha would be less expensive han he package. 68. (F) 7:00 p.m. is 6 hours afer :00 p.m. Calculae he number of degrees he emperaure dropped in 6 hours: 6 = 8 degrees. Subrac ha from he saring poin (8 degrees) o find he soluion: 8 8 = 0 degrees. 70. (F) he oal number of dessers ordered is = 60. he probabiliy ha ice cream was chosen is 8 60 = = 0% (C) Since 8 and are boh muliples of 6, find he leas common muliple of only 8 and. Muliples of 8: 8, 6, 5, 7 Muliples of :, 8, 7 he leas common muliple of 6, 8, and is (F) Le x be he number of dozens of eggs for 00 cusomers. Se up a proporion: x = x = 500 x =.5dozen eggs. Round up o because you can' have half an egg. 69. (D) he raio of red o blue o green is 5:7:. Find he proporion of blue marbles. Add he numbers of he raio and use he oal sum as he denominaor: = 5. Find he proporion of green marbles: 5. Since here are a oal of 75 marbles, he number of blue marbles is 7 75 =. 5 he number of green marbles is 75 = 9. he number of red marbles is = 5. If blue marbles are removed and replaced wih green marbles, he number of blue marbles is now 9 and he number of green marbles is now. he raio of red marbles o green marbles is 5:. 7. (C) he oal number of boles of juice in he cooler is =. he number of boles of juice ha are no apple juice (grape juice and orange juice) is + 6 = 9. So he probabiliy is 9. 77

178 SAMPLE ES MAHEMAICS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form B 7. (H) he radius of he large plae is 0 cm. Use ha o find he area of he large plae: A = πr = π( 0 ) = 00π sq cm he circumference of he smaller plae is 0π cm. Use ha o find he radius, and hen he area, of he smaller plae: C = πr 0π = πr r = 0 A = πr = π( 0 ) = 00π sq cm Subrac he area of he small plae from he area of he large plae: 00π 00π = 00π sq cm 75. (D) he quesion says ha an equal number (x) of each ype of page space was purchased. o find he number of each ype of page space ha was purchased, muliply he price per ype by x and se i equal o he oal amoun spen, hen solve for x: 00x + 50x + 600x =,500,500x =,500 x = 0 hus, he sore purchased 0 unis of each ype of page space. o find he oal amoun of page space purchased, muliply each ype of page space by 0, and add: 0 page 0 ( ) + ( page 0 page ) + ( ) = 7 pages 76. (F) Solve he inequaliy for x. 77. (A) Subsiue for y and solve for x: 6 y 6 = x = x = x = x 78. (H) Since XY = 0 cm, use ha o find YZ : YZ = 5 XY = ( 0) = cm 5 XZ = XY + YZ = 0 + = cm 79. (C) Calculae he cos of he cloh before ax: 8 = 7 8 = $ Now find he ax for $ worh of cloh: 8% = 8 = $. 00 Finally, add he cos of he fabric and he ax: $ + $. = $ (F) o find M, subrac N M and se i equal o he lengh: M = M = M = M = 6 M = x x 8 x 8 he posiive odd numbers less han 8 are,, 5,..., 5, and 7. here are of hem. 78

179 SAMPLE ES MAHEMAICS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form B 8. (B) Add he four values in he raio ( = 00) and use he sum as he denominaor. Use ha o find he fracion of zinc in one of he coins. hen reduce he fracion: 00 = 50 Muliply his fracion by 8 o find he number of grams of zinc in decimal form: 8 = = 0.8 g (G) Jack scored a mean of 5 poins per game in each of he firs games, so he earned a oal of 5 poins for he firs games. Use ha informaion o calculae he mean over he four games: = 7 = 8 8. (B) Find he number of liers ha need o be added. Since of he oil drum is full, of he drum remains empy:,0 =,880 liers Use he conversion kl = he number of kl:,880,000 =.88 kl,000 L o find 8. (F) Firs, find ou how old Nicole and Carmen are now. Le N = Le C = C + = 7 Nicole s age now. Carmen s age now. C = 5 (Carmen, sage now) N = C N = (5) = 5 (Nicole s age now) N 5 = 5 5 = 0 (Nicole s age 5 years ago) 85. (C) Le x be he original amoun of he chemical. I loses 0% afer each week, which means 80% of he chemical remains a he end of each week. End of firs week: 0.80x A he end of he second week, 80% of he amoun lef a he end of he firs week remains. End of second week: 0.80(0.80 x) = 0.6xor 6% 86. (G) One more han an odd ineger mus be even. One more han w is w, herefore w mus be even. wo imes an even ineger mus be even, herefore w is even. An even ineger decreased by mus be even. herefore, w mus be even. 87. (B) Find he leas common muliple of,, and which is. So, i akes minues before all hree are back a he saring line. Ann complees lap every minues, so in minues she has compleed 6 laps. 88. (F) 7 ( x) ( 5 x) = 8 x 5 + x = x 89. (D) Firs, add he number of sudens for each caegory o find ou how many oal sudens were in he survey: = 0 he number of sudens who had a leas pes are he ones who have pes (7) plus he ones who have or more (5). he oal number of sudens wih a leas pes is =. he probabiliy of a suden in he survey having a leas wo pes is: 0 = 0 79

180 SAMPLE ES MAHEMAICS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form B 90. (E) Le x be he oal number of liers he conainer can hold. 9. (B) n+ 0 x = 60% and n + 6 x = 75% Firs, solve each equaion for x: Equaion : n+ 0 = 60 x 00 n+ 0 = x 5 x = 5( n + 0) x = 5n+ 50 Equaion : n+ 6 = 75 x 00 n+ 6 = x x = ( n + 6) x = n+ 6 Now, se he wo equaions equal o each oher and solve for n. 5n+ 50 = n+ 6 5n + 50 = n + 6 n + 50 = 6 n = liers 5x + x x = ( 50 ) + ( 0) = 5, = 5, (E) he lengh of one side of he square is 6 cm. Since R, S, and are midpoins, hen M, MR, RN, and NS are all equal o cm. riangles MR and RNS are boh righ riangles, so he area of one of he riangles is = 9. he riangles are congruen, so he sum of he areas is = 9sqcm. 9. (D) Le x be he amoun spen on planned expense in one year: x = 5 9,600 8 x = 5 9,600 8,500 8 ( ) = 9. (G) Firs, figure ou how many differen opping pairs are possible. Use,,,, 5, 6, 7 o represen he oppings and creae a lis of possible pairs:,;,;,;,5;,6;,7,;,;,5;,6;,7,;,5;,6;,7,5;,6;,7 5,6; 5,7 6,7 So here are differen opping combinaions for one pizza. Since here are pizza sizes, muliply he oal number of combinaions by o ge he oal number of differen pizzas Cody can creae: = (D) o find by wha percen he number of families wih ca is greaer han he number of families wih cas, calculae he difference beween he wo numbers and divide by he number of families wih cas: 5 = 7 = = 0.0 or 0%

181 SAMPLE ES MAHEMAICS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form B 96. (H) One side of he square base is f long. Since he heigh of he box is imes he lengh, hen he heigh is = 9f. he volume of a recangular prism is lengh heigh widh. he volume of he wooden box is V = 9 = 8 cu f. 97. (B) Calculae each mean speed: 98. (G) R = 65 5 = kph S = 7 = 8 kph hen calculae he difference of boh mean speeds: S R = 8 = 5kph Find he midpoin of PQ and RS: ( ) Midpoin of = PQ = = uni. he midpoin of PQ is locaed uni from each endpoin, so he midpoin is a. Midpoin of RS = 0 = = uni. he midpoin of RS is locaed uni from each endpoin, so he midpoin is a. he disance beween he wo midpoins is ( ) = unis. 00. (E) Boh x + and y + are radii. So, se hem equal o each oher and solve for y. y + = x + y = x 0. (C) here are 5 secions beween M and. o find he lengh of one of hese secions, find he disance beween M and and divide by 5: ( ( )) 5 5 = ( ) = 7 5 = 7 = R is secions away from M, so add: ( ) + 7 = 0 + = R is locaed a (H) Le x be he number of minues Phan used his inerne service in he monh. Phan s monhly charges were x. Since Deion s charges were he same as Phan s, se he expression equal o 0 and solve for x: x = 0 0.0x = x = 500 Phan used his service for 500 minues. 99. (D) If L=,000 cu cm,hen L =,000 ml. Se up a proporion, leing x = he amoun of cubic millimeers in,000 cubic cenimeers.,000 cu mm L x cu mm =,000 cu mm Solve for x:,000,000 cubic millimeers are in,000 cubic cenimeers. 8

182 SAMPLE ES MAHEMAICS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form B 0. (B) Creae a char using he given informaion and use subracion o figure ou how many cars are no red and do no have a back-up camera: Back-up Camera No back-up Camera Red No Red OAL 6 0 (0-) (8-6) 50 OAL 8 (50-) he probabiliy of selecing a car ha mee boh condiions from he oal of 50 cars a he dealership is 6 50 = (E) 0.06 = Simplify he fracion o find he answer: 6 00 = so, x = (C) he heigh of he riangle is unis. he lengh of he base is n m. So he area is A = ( n m) ( ) = ( n m). 06. (F) he oal number of cards in he box is =. Se up a proporion o figure ou which card has exacly a in chance of being picked a random. x = or x = 6. he dog card has a in chance of being randomly seleced. 07. (C) Separae he compound inequaliy ino wo pieces: 08. (G) x yand y x + 0 Subsiue y = ino each inequaliy and solve for x: x x x x x 9 x he soluion is he number line ha shows ha x is greaer han or equal o and less han or equal o. p = 7 p = 7() p = 98 p = 98 = 09. (A) he oal number of balls in he box is =. he probabiliy ha he ball is black is 7 = 6. 8

183 SAMPLE ES MAHEMAICS EXPLANAIONS OF CORREC ANSWERS coninued... Form B 0. (G) None of he 80 sudens ( ) who answered no o Quesion A ( ) could have answered yes o boh quesions. herefore, he leas possible number of sudens who could have answered yes o boh quesions, can be found by subracing he 80 who answered no o Quesion A from he 60 who answered yes o Quesion B or = (A) Raoul is a leas years older han Vahn, which can be wrien as. (D) he shelf, when full, holds 6 cans. When he shelf is half full, i holds 8 cans. x = 8 x =. (G) he probabiliy of he cup landing on is side is 7%. Carlos ossed he cup a oal of 00 imes ( ). he number of imes he cup lands on is side is 7% of 00: =. r v + Rewrie his inequaliy o mach he answer opions: r v. (F) Since 5.6 ricks and.88 dals are boh equal o sind, hen 5.6 ricks =.88 dals. o calculae he number of dals (d) in rick, se up a proporion: d =.88 d =. = d Answer Key for Sample Form B. B. E. C. G 5. A 6. H 7. A 8. G 9. B 0. H. A. E. B. F 5. D 6. G 7. C 8. H 9. B 0. H. A. H. A. G 5. D 6. G 7. C 8. E 9. D 0. F. A. E. B. E 5. B 6. H 7. D 8. F 9. B 0. E. D. G. D. F 5. A 6. G 7. A 8. H 9. B 50. F 5. A 5. F 5. B 5. G 55. A 56. E 57. D D 6. E 65. D 66. G 67. C 68. F 69. D 70. F 7. C 7. F 7. C 7. H 75. D 76. F 77. A 78. H 79. C 80. F 8. B 8. G 8. B 8. F 85. C 86. G 87. B 88. F 89. D 90. E 9. B 9. E 9. D 9. G 95. D 96. H 97. B 98. G 99. D 00. E 0. C 0. H 0. B 0. E 05. C 06. F 07. C 08. G 09. A 0. G. A. F. D. G 8

184 SAMPLE QUESIONS FOR 9 GRADE 9 MAHEMAICS GRADE9 DIRECIONS: his secion provides sample mahemaics quesions for he Grade 9 es forms. General direcions for how o answer mah quesions are locaed on pages 8 and 5. here is no sample answer shee for his secion; mark your answers direcly on his page or on a separae piece of paper.. Assume S( x) equals he sum of all posiive even inegers less han or equal o x. Wha is he value of S( 7)?. Simplify: p p 0 p = E. F. 0 p G. p 8 H. p 6. y 5. f 8 6 M f O If MN is ranslaed uni o he lef o produce MN, wha is he area of parallelogram NMM N? square unis square unis 5 square unis 6 square unis N 6 8 x Waer is pumped ino a ank ha is shaped like he righ invered cone shown above. he cone has a base diameer of fee and a heigh of fee. Wha is he volume, in cubic fee, of he waer in he ank when he heigh of he waer is fee? 6 8 cu f cu f cu f 8 cu f 8

185 SAMPLE QUESIONS FOR GRADE 9 MAHEMAICS coninued y l (a, b) 7. he graph shows he wolf populaion in Yellowsone Naional Park since 000.A suden drew a line of bes fi o model he daa. (a, b) y Wolf Populaion x O Sraigh line l passes hrough he origin, as shown in he figure above. Wha is he slope of line l in erms of a and b? E. a b F. b a G. a b H. b a Number of Wolves Years Since 000 Which saemen bes describes he line of bes fi ha he suden drew? he line of bes fi is no a srong model for he daa, because he poins are no close o he line. he line of bes fi is no a srong model for he daa, because i does no pass hrough any of he daa poins. he line of bes fi is a srong model for he daa, because boh he line and he daa show a negaive rend. he line of bes fi is a srong model for he daa, because abou half he daa poins are on each side of he line. x 85

186 SAMPLE QUESIONS FOR GRADE 9 MAHEMAICS coninued o deermine he price of servicing a car, a mechanic charges a fixed fee plus an hourly rae for each hour he works. If his price for hours of service is $70, and his price for 7 hours of work is $0, wha is he fixed fee ha he mechanic charges?. Which of he following expressions is negaive in value? 9 E. F. G. H. $50 $60 $70 $ y O Q P Recangle PQRS above is roaed 80 abou he origin o form recangle PQRS. Wha are he coordinaes of R? R S x. x M N 5 cm P 0 cm Q R In he figure above, MPR is similar o NPQ. If he lengh of NQ is 0 cenimeers, wha is he lengh of MR in erms of x? E. x (, ) F. x + 0 (, ) G. x + 5 (, ) (, ) H. x xz + xy he symbol x, y, z means + zy. Wha is he value of,, 8? Wha is he quoien of he expression above, expressed in scienific noaion? E F..0 0 G..0 0 H

187 9 EXPLANAION OF CORREC ANSWERS GRADE 9 MAHEMAICS GRADE9. () S(x) is he sum of all posiive even inegers less han or equal o x.,,,, 5, and 6 are all inegers less han 7. ake he posiive inegers from he lis and find he sum: S(7) = =. (56) 6 96 = = 56. (B) When MN is ranslaed uni lef, he disance beween M and M is uni, which is he base of he parallelogram. he heigh of he parallelogram is he verical disance from M o N. Since M is a y = 5 and N is a y =, he heigh is 5 = unis. he area of a parallelogram is base heigh, so he area is = square unis. 0 p p p. (H) ( p p ) p ( + ) 6 = 0 p ( + + ) = p 0 = = p 5. (A) Firs, find he radius when he deph of he waer is f. Se up wo similar righ riangles as shown below: f f x f f 6. (H) Use he slope formula o figure ou he slope of line l. Slope of line l y y = = b b x x a a = 7. (A) he line of bes fi should be close o as many poins as possible. In his case, very few of he poins are on or nex o he line. So, his is no a srong model for he daa, because mos of he poins are no close o he line. 8. (G) Se up he wo equaions and subrac hem from one anoher o find he price per hour: y + 7x = 0 y + x = 70 x = 50 x = 50 o find he fixed fee, use one of he equaions ( y + 7x = 0 or y + x = 70) and solve for y, using x = 50. y + x = 70 y + 50 ( ) = 70 y + 00 = 70 y = (D) Poin R is a (, ). If (x, y) is roaed 80 abou he origin: R ( xy, ) ( x, y). herefore, R, ( ) (,. ) b a Use a proporion o find x. Since he diameer of he righ invered cone is f, he radius is 6 f: x 6 = x = f Now, find he volume of he cone wih a radius of f and a heigh of f: V = r h = ( ) ( ) = = π π π () 6 π 0. (F) ( ) 8 = 5. 0 =.5 0 hen use he rule of exponens o simplify. ( 8 ) 0. 0 = 0. 0 Rewrie he answer so ha i is sandard scienific noaion form

188 EXPLANAION OF CORREC ANSWERS GRADE 9 MAHEMAICS coninued.... (C) Subsiue he approximaion π =. ino each expression and solve o find which expression resuls in a negaive value:. In his problem, x =, y =, and z = 8. Subsiue hose values ino he given equaion and simplify. π = 0.86 π 9 = 0. π = π = 7.7 ( 8 ( + ( ( + (8 + + = ( = So, he answer is π.. (F) riangles NPQ and MPR are similar, so corresponding sides of he riangles are proporional. Se up a proporion o find MR. 6 + = 8 + = 50 MR MP = MR x + 5 = NQ NP 0 5 5( MR) = 0( x + 5) 5( MR) = 0x + 50 MR = x + 0 Answer Key for Grade 9 Mahemaics B. H 5. A 6. H 7. A 8. G 9. D 0. F. C. F. C 88

189 GRADE8 DIRECIONS: Solve each quesion. In he grids provided below each quesion, wrie your answer in he boxes a he op of he grid. Sar on he lef side of each grid. Prin only one number or symbol in each box, fill in he circle ha maches he number or symbol you wroe above. DO NO FILL IN A CIRCLE UNDER AN UNUSED BOX. DO NO LEAVE A BOX BLANK IN HE MIDDLE OF AN ANSWER. SAMPLE PROBLEMS FOR 8 GRID-IN QUESIONS. On a pracice es, here are essay quesions for every 7 muliple-choice quesions. If here are a oal of 0 quesions on his es, how many of hose are essay quesions? = x.0 Wha is he soluion o he equaion above? x = 0. In he equaion above, wha is he value of x? P R Poin Q is o be placed on he number line one-hird of he disance beween Poin P and Poin R. Wha number will be a he midpoin of segmen PQ? 89

190 SAMPLE PROBLEMS FOR GRID-IN QUESIONS coninued How many ways can he leers in he word RAIN be arranged horizonally so ha he vowels (A and I) are always immediaely nex o each oher (eiher AI or IA)? 7. A box conains marbles: 7 red and green. Five of hese marbles are removed a random. If he probabiliy of drawing a green marble is now 0.5, how many red marbles were removed from he box? A B C N x P On he number line above, D (no shown) is he midpoin of AB, and E (no shown) is he midpoin of BC. Wha is he midpoin of DE? M y 0 Q MNPQ is a parallelogram. he measure of MQP is 0. Wha is he value of x + y? 90

191 SAMPLE PROBLEMS FOR GRID-IN QUESIONS coninued Maria is now 6 years old. In 6 years, she will be wice as old as her broher will be a ha ime. How old is her broher now? = 0. 9

192 8 EXPLANAION OF CORREC ANSWERS GRID-IN QUESIONS GRADE8 DIRECIONS: When filling ou he answer grid, remember ha each column should conain ONLY one symbol/one digi. When filling ou he circles, only fill in one circle o MACH he symbol or digi a he op of he column.. (6) here are essay quesions for every 7 muliple-choice quesions, for a oal of 0 quesions. he proporion of essay quesions is. Muliply he fracion of essay 0 quesions by 0 o find he oal number of essay quesions: 0 = 60 = Since he answer is a posiive whole number, skip he firs column and begin inpuing he digis o he answer in he second column on he lef-hand side.. ( 7.8) x = x = x = 0 x = 7.8 Since he answer is a negaive, begin filling ou he grid wih he negaive sign. he answer conains a negaive sign, a whole number, a decimal poin, and a digi in he enhs place. Each par of he answer, including he decimal poin, should be placed in a separae column, wih no blank spaces beween hem. 9

193 EXPLANAION OF CORREC ANSWERS GRID-IN QUESIONS coninued.... (0.7) 0. = x 0..0 Muliply he numeraors and denominaors of all he fracions by 00 o eliminae he decimals: = 00x 0 Simplify he fracions: 7 = 0x 7() = 0() x 7 = 0x x = 7 = Since he answer is a posiive decimal, skip he firs column and place he zero in he second column on he lef-hand side.. ( ) Firs, find he lengh of PR : ( 5) = 9 unis Poin Q is locaed of he way from P o R, so calculae where ha poin would be: 9 = unis So, poin Q is locaed a =. Finally, calculae he midpoin of PQ : PQ = 5+ Midpoin = Since he answer is a negaive single-digi, fill in he negaive sign and he second column conains he digi,. 9

194 EXPLANAION OF CORREC ANSWERS GRID-IN QUESIONS coninued () here are hree posiions for he leers AI in he four leer combinaions: AI, _ AI, and AI For each of hose posiions of A and I, here are wo combinaions of he leers R and N: AIRN, AINR, RAIN, NAIR, RNAI, NRAI. hus, for he leers AI (in ha order), here is a oal of 6 combinaions. he quesion indicaes ha IA is also possible, so here are also + combinaions wih he leers in he order I he oal number of combinaions is =. Since he answer is a posiive whole number, skip he firs column and begin inpuing your answer in he second column. 6. (.5) Calculae he midpoins of AB and BC o find he locaions of D and E, respecively: Find he midpoin for AB (Poin D): D = 8+ 5 = =.5 Find he midpoin for BC (Poin E): E = + 7 = 5 Now, find he midpoin of DE :.5+ 5 =.5 = 5 =.5 Since he answer is a posiive decimal, skip he firs column. he response begins inon he second column on he lef-hand side. 9

195 EXPLANAION OF CORREC ANSWERS GRID-IN QUESIONS coninued () here were marbles in he box. Afer 5 marbles were removed, he oal number of marbles in he box is now 6. he probabiliy of drawing a green marble is now, which is equivalen o, hus, green marbles 6 remain in he box. Originally, here were 7 red marbles in he box. Since here are now 6 oal marbles, here are now red marbles. Meaning red marbles were removed from he box. Since he answer is a posiive single-digi whole number, skip he firs column and he response begins on he second lef-hand column. 8. (55) In a parallelogram, opposie angles are congruen. Since he quesion saes ha angle MQP is 0, hen angle MNP mus also be 0. Use his informaion o find x: x = 0 x = 0 Adjacen angles in a parallelogram are supplemenary (sum of 80 ), so he sum of angle MQP and angle NMQ is equal o 80. Use his informaion o find y: y + 0 = 80 y = 60 y = 5 he quesion asks for he value of x + y, so x + y = 0 +5 = 55 Since he answer is a posiive whole number, skip he firs column and begin inpuing he digis o he answer in he second column on he lef-hand side. 95

196 EXPLANAION OF CORREC ANSWERS GRID-IN QUESIONS coninued (5) When Maria is, she will be wice as old as her broher. Le x = he age of Maria s broher when Maria is. x = x = o find Maria s broher s curren age, subrac 6 = 5. Maria s broher is currenly 5 years old. Since he answer is a posiive single-digi whole number, skip he firs column and he response begins in he second lef-hand column. 0. (9.9) In order o solve his problem, firs conver.5 o a whole number by muliplying he 0. numeraor and denominaor by 0 o ge 5 which is 5. Muliply: 5 0. = 9.9 Since he answer is a posiive whole number wih a decimal, skip he firs column and begin inpuing he answer saring in he second column on he lef-hand side. Answer Key for Grid-In Mahemaics