Exercise 1. The game of incompetence is a major problem for many people. They simply learn [ that 5 v

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1 5 10 Exercie The game of incompetence i a major problem for many people. They imply learn [ that 5 v incompetence pay off. ] Thi i often called learned helplene. Thi cenario uually tart off in childhood / when a child learn Ii to diplay helplene omeone ele will take reponibility. That omeone i uually a recuer playing another game. My own verion of thi prang from my (A) dilike / fondne of wahing the dihe. I would drag on the proce, gobbling leftover. I wated time, but wore, I left mee on the plate and pan. I andgobbkd would rewah a dih everal time / when it wa pointed out, I becaue the acrifice wa worth it. I won. I wa declared incompetent a a dihwaher and relieved of that duty. That mall v v (B) obedience / victory reulted in the aignment of cleaning the toilet. I dicovered fthat 5 cleaning dihe i not the natiet of job after all. ] After a lot of whining and more gaming, I got my dihwahing job back. Life returned to a more (C) peaceful a / treful routine away from the toilet bowl. gobble (A) (B) (C) dilike obedience peaceful dilike victory peaceful dilike victory treful fondne obedience treful fondne victory peaceful I dicovered [that {cleaning dihe} i not the natiet of job after all]. dicovered that cleaning i Word Search 1. i : lack of kill or ability to do omething correctly or well 2. p : a erie of thing that happen and have a particular reult 78

2 p. 48 Exercie Oz Converely, the ue of we generally demontrate an awarene of other people and offer a way to how that you O [ recognize or even undertand their thought and feeling. ] 5, 0, the g The ue of pronoun uch a I and we tell a lot about trength and warmth, a well a offering clue about gender, education, and tatu. Some of thee clue are obviou, while other are le o. ( ) Mot of u have learned omewhere along the way, for intance, 4that obviou the overue. of I ugget, elf-centeredne or egocentrim, of which aert 0 trength but 0 weaken warmth. ( ) Thi behavior y may alo ugget that thi peron ha ome major inecuritie ~{ they are trying to mak. }]( ) In either reading of the trength ignal, overdoing o the I i not warm. ( ) At a fundamental level, thi project warmth by conveying a ene of hared concern and interet. ( ) When we i ued thi way, we think of it a circle language ; it get you in the circle with your audience by drawing it around both you and them. pronoun egocentrim aert [The ue of pronoun uch a I and we ] tella lot about trength and warmth, a well a offering clue about gender, education, and tatu. ue tell ~ a well a Word Selection 1. Becaue the ituation wa urgent, they had to [deny / recognize] the need to take it eriouly. 2. Hi explanation wa [obviou / ambiguou], o they couldn t undertand what it meant. 3. Writer ue word to [receive / convey] idea, effect, and image. 79

3 5 10 Exercie S The concept of a paraite exit only by a collective human choice, an agreement on a i K definition: paraite take reource from other organim and live cloe to, on, or even inide their hot. But from a broader perpective, mot life i paraitic. Carnivore are paraite of : their prey. Herbivore inflict great damage on their food plant. Even the many oil-dwelling organim animal, fungi, = bacteria that live 0 on dead and decaying life ] take reource from each other. The ame hold for plant, I whoe lifetyle eem uperficially the mot ~ 0 innocuou. ] One plant hading another i a paraite of that take unlight, a vital reource, U K without giving anything back. ] All life need reource and thu take from other life, 4 compete with other life, and kill other life. Thu all life i paraitic, for the good of one organim mean the harm of another. And yet, even mortal enemie are ultimately linked in fate. Thi i the central paradox of elf and other. carnivore herbivore innocuou For living organim, (A) other i a common phenomenon, becaue uch behavior help them to (B). (A) (B) (A) (B) deceiving avoid predator deceiving prevent tarvation exploiting dominate nature exploiting upport themelve aiting coexit peacefully The ame hold for plant, whoe lifetyle eem uperficially the mot innocuou. whoe plant Word Search 1. d : a tatement of what a word or expreion mean 2. p : a particular attitude toward or way of regarding omething 3. i : to make omebody or omething uffer omething unpleaant 80

4 p. 49 Exercie a The earliet bread were not very different from bread cooked around the world today. They were flatbread, imilar to Indian naan, Middle Eatern pita bread, and Mexican raiing bread to make it fluffier and lighter with ga tortilla. The idea of leavening i fairly ancient too. It may have been dicovered accidentally bubble from yeat when a mix of flour and water wa left tanding for ome time, allowing yeat grain, which tandttalbwed occur naturally on wheat,] a chance to ferment and create a lighter dough full of air. Legend [ ha it, according to a report, that a lave in a royal Egyptian houehold forgot about ome dough he had# et aide.} When he returned, it had decreaed in ize.] Trying to hide the ( which) Lincreaed mitake, he punched down the dough furiouly and baked it. The reultythetry wa a lighter bread than anyone had ever tated. Nowaday, of coure, yeat i added artificially, but for a long time, jut adding thi our dough to the next day bake wa the normal way of leavening bread. e Do *# v - yeat ferment ~, but for a long time, [jut adding thi our dough to the next day bake] wa the ~. adding wa Word Selection 1. Thi program prevent file from being [intentionally / accidentally] eraed. 2. The hungry tiger [furiouly / gently] chaed the rabbit. 3. With the help of hi friend, he [added / removed] the obtacle one by one. 81

5 5 10 Exercie He did, however, after hi T.la death, have a Wet Coat univerity named after him Berkeley in California. The philoopher George Berkeley didn t pend every hour of hi day defending hi immaterialim. ( ) There wa much more to hi life than that. ( ) He wa a ociable and likeable man, and hi friend included the author of Gulliver Travel, Jonathan Swift. ( ) In later life Berkeley hatched an ambitiou plan to et up a college on the iland of Bermuda and managed to raie quite a lot of money to do thi. ( ) Unfortunately the plan failed, partly becaue he hadn t realized how far from the mainland Bermuda wa and how difficult it wa to get upplie there. ar ( ) That came from a poem he wrote [ about America which v. (which) included the line Wetward the coure of empire take it way, a line ofthat appealed to one of the univerity founder. B immaterialim That came from a poem [he wrote about America] [which included {the line Wetward the coure of empire take it way }, {a line that appealed to one of the univerity founder}]. a poem Word Search 1. a : having a trong deire for ucce or achievement 2. : inclined to aociate with or be in the company of other 3. a : to be epecially attractive, pleaing, intereting, or enjoyable 82

6 p. 50 Exercie When the anthropologit Bronilaw Malinowki tudied the daily live of native people living on the Trobriand Iland of the South Pacific, he noticed [that while the ilander ued magic ritual abundantly, they reerved them only for ome activitie.] When they went after the plentiful fih in a heltered lagoon, for example, they didn t ue magic, but when they fihed in the open ea, they did. That might have uggetedk it wa the preence of danger that v tuedmagic ettled whether they ued magic or not, but that explanation didn t fit other obervation. The ilander ued magic to keep inect from devouring their crop, for example, but they didn t in gardening generally. Malinowki realized that fwhat made the difference} wa control.] When the ilander feltµtheir own work and kill would determine ucce or failure,] they did that not reort to magic; when the outcome involved chance or other factor outide their control, lagoon they did. 0 v that X The anthropologit Bronilaw Malinowki dicovered [that when the ituation wa believed to be, the native of the Trobriand Iland magic ritual.] (A) (B) (A) beneficial irreverible adjutable (B) preferred diverified devied (A) hotile uncontrollable (B) rejected performed ~ the daily live of native people [living on the Trobriand Iland of the South Pacific], he noticed [that while the ilander ued magic ritual abundantly, they reerved them only for ome activitie]. native people noticed Word Selection 1. They were rewarded [abundantly / inufficiently], and everyone wa happy. 2. The money wa [reerved / releaed] for a rainy day. 3. It neceary to dicu the [outcome / caue] of the accident to prevent a imilar one. 83