MSCI 222C Class Readings Schedule. MSCI 222C - Electronics 11/20/ Class Seating Chart Mondays Class Seating Chart Tuesdays

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1 Class Seating Chart Mondays Electronics Door MSCI 222C Fall 2018 Introduction to Electronics Charles Rubenstein, Ph. D. Professor of Engineering & Information Science Session 12: Mon/Tues 11/26/18 & 11/27/18 (Q10,L10) Mondays 1:00-3:50pm; Tuesdays 2:00-4:50pm ARC E-13 1 MONDAY 1pm Sitai Jus)n Jordan Jane David Ava Luke Toni Aidan Jingyi Khalil Instructor Station Whiteboard and Screen Class Seating Chart Tuesdays TUESDAY 2pm Electronics Door Jairo Yeri Yide Danni Elaine Brandon Leo Andy Stephanie Instructor Station Whiteboard and Screen 3 MSCI 222 Fall Class Schedule & Due Dates MONDAY TUESDAY NOTES 27 August 28 August Session 1. Introduction, Review of Syllabus, Basic Concepts 3, 10 September 11 September NO CLASSES Labor Day / Instructor Unavailable 17 September 4 September Session 2. Basic Electronic Devices (Homework #1 Due) 24 September 18 September Session 3. Semiconductor Materials & Diodes (H2, Q1,L1) 1 October 25 September Session 4. Decimal and Computer Number Systems (H3, Q2,L2) 8 October 2 October Session 5. Transistors as Switches and Amplifiers (H4, Q3,L3) 15 October 9 October Session 6. Analog and Digital Concepts (H5, Q4. L4) 16 October NO Tuesday CLASSES Midterm Break 22 October (*) 23 October (*) Session 7. The Operational Amplifier (H6, Q5, L5) 29 October(**) 30 October (**) Session 8. Digital Integrated Circuit Logic Gates (H7, Q6, L6) 5 November (***) 6 November (***) Session 9. Flip-Flops & "Clocks" (H8, Q7, L7) 12 November 13 November Session 10. Digital Counters (H9, Q8, L8) 19 November 20 November Session 11. Digital Shift Registers (H10, Q9, L9) 26 November 27 November Session 12. Using Analog and Digital IC Circuits Together (Q10, L10) 3 December 4 December Session 13. Interfacing Computers; RFID Last Day for Labs 10 December 11 December In-class 2.5 hour Final Examination NOTE: 5-minute Quizzes one week after homework due & reviewed session MIDTERM: (*) Distributed; (**) Exam/Draft Paper Due; (***) Reviewed in class In-class Final Exams 10/11 December (Monday 10 December = Conflict Day) 4 MSCI 222C Class Readings Schedule In addition to the Class Notes (222Notes.pdf)!!! Session Due Notes 2 EW1: Pp 1-27; Armstrong: Chapters 1 3 (Pp 1-16) 3 EW1: Pp 28-65; Armstrong: Chapters 4 6 (Pp 17-63) 4 EW1: Pp 66-76; Armstrong: Chapters 7 9 (Pp ) 5 EW1: Pp 77 -End; Armstrong: Chapters (Pp ) 6 EW2: Pp 1-50 and Pg 90; Armstrong: Chapters (Pp ) 7 EW2: Pp 51-79, Review Pg 12; Armstrong: Ch. 14 End (Pp ) 8 EW2: Pp 80 - End, Review Pg 12 (CD4013, CD4017) 9 EW2: Review Pg 12 (CD4013, CD4017) 10 EW2: Review Pg 37 (555 Timer) 11 Review EW1 and EW2 as necessary, Sensors Lab Manual if interested 12 and on Review EW1 and EW2 as necessary EW1 = Basic Electronics: Transistors and Integrated Circuits, Workbook I by Forrest M. Mims, III (ew1.pdf) KEY EW2 = Digital Electronic Projects, Workbook II by Forrest M. Mims, III (ew2.pdf) Armstrong = Man of High Fidelity (armstrong2.pdf) Sensors = dio Shack Electronic Sensors Lab by Forrest M. Mims, III (sensors.pdf) 5 MSCI 222C Hands-on Lab Modules #01: Measuring Resistance and Voltage #02: Voltage Sources, LEDS, Diodes & Characteristic Curves #03: Capacitors, Time Constants & Transistor Gain #04: Voltage Regulation & Transistor Switching #05: Analog IC Voltage Comparator #06: Basic Digital Logic #07: Set-Reset Latches & Type D Flip-Flops #08: Decade Counter and One Shot Switch Debouncer #09: Three Stage Type D Flip-Flop Shift Register #10: NE555 IC Timer Circuits Optional Labs (Additional Labs may be added or substituted): #A: Sound Detector Circuit (Audio-triggered One-shot) #B: Seven Segment Display Decoder-Driver Circuit 6 1

2 Instructor Contact Information Dr. Charles Rubenstein Professor of Engineering & Information Science Pratt Brooklyn Campus Office: ARC G-49 Fall 2018 Office hours (by appointment *) Mondays: 4:00pm - 5:00 pm = ARC G-49 (or E-13) Tuesdays: 5:00pm - 6:00pm = ARC G-49 (or E-13) (*Please me at least a day in advance if you plan on coming to office hours ) Send me an crubenst@pratt.edu Subject line: 222C or Electronics 7 * Class Session Archives 18fa12.pdf (Class PowerPoint slides)* 18fa12_h.pdf (6-slide/page handout format)* *Power points normally available by Wednesday evening After last class of the session 8 UPDATED: Fall 2018 Tutoring Sessions Fall OPEN LAB TIME - ARC E-13 Mondays 9am - 1pm Wednesdays 12 noon - 5pm Thursdays 12 noon - 5pm Fridays 9am - 5pm BY PRE-ARRANGEMENT ONLY CONTACT: Mrs. Margaret Dy-So, Assistant to the Chairperson Mathematics & Science Department ARC G-41 On pre-arranged day, access to E-13 and the White Console is obtained from Ms. Dy-So or the student assistant in room G Today s Class - Session #12: Lecture: Using Analog and Digital IC Circuits Together 2 Do: Quiz #10, Review Lab #09 Module #10: NE555 IC Timer Circuits For Session 13: Lecture: Interfacing Computers; RFID 2 Do: Review Lab #10 OPTIONAL LABs: #A Sound Detector Circuit (Audio-triggered One-shot) and #B Seven Segment Display Decoder-Driver Circuit LAST DAY FOR LAB SUBMISSIONS Questions? In-class 2.5 hour Final Examination 10 or 11 December

3 MSCI 222C Electronics Review Kirchhoff s Laws - KCL & KVL Ohms Law Power Law emath Calculations Combining Resistors Time Constants Voltage Divider Equation Kirchhoff s Laws: KCL and KVL KCL: The current going into any point has to be the same as the current going out of the point also called The Law of Conservation of Current KVL: The sum of all the voltages, as you go around a circuit from some fixed point and return there from the opposite direction, and taking polarity into account, is always ZERO also called The Law of Conservation of Voltage OHMS LAW & the POWER LAW There are three common forms for each Equation: Ohms Law: V=IR V = I R R = V / I I = V / R Power Law: P = I V P = I V P = I 2 R P = V 2 / R About Electronics Math Calculations Ohms Law equation: V=IR and I = V / R 1. If R is 1 Ohm = 1 Ω and V is 1 volt: then I = 1 Ampere 2. If R is 1MΩ = 1,000,000 Ω and V is 1 volt: then I = 1 microampere = (1 ua = 1 µa) 3. If R is 1k Ohm = 1kΩ = 1000Ω and V is 1 volt: then I = 1 milliampere ( = 1 ma) This is the most common calculation for our labs Series Resistors CURRENT THROUGH resistors is the same in series circuits Parallel Resistors The VOLTAGE ACROSS Resistors is the same in parallel circuits 1.Resistors in SERIES add R ab = R 1 + R R n 2. For n Like Resistors in SERIES: R ab = n R The Inverse of Resistances in PARALLEL add 1/R ab = 1/R 1 + 1/R /R n 2. For TWO Resistors in Parallel; R ab = R 1 R 2 / (R 1 + R 2 ) 3. For n Equal Resistances in Parallel; R ab = R / n 18 3

4 Simple Series/Parallel Resistor Circuits Time Constant NOTES The time required to charge or discharge a capacitor requires calculating: The Equivalent Resistance of the circuit above: R ab = [ R 1 R 2 / (R 1 + R 2 ) ] + R 3 τ = R C with τ in seconds, R in ohms, C in Farads The Voltage Divider Equation Typical Voltage Dividers Math Analysis Drawing: More Realistic Schematic: Vout = Vin [ R 2 / (R 1 + R 2 ) ] When a voltage is applied to two (or more) resistors in series, the voltage across a particular resistor is the applied voltage times the selected resistor divided by the sum of the resistors 21 Voltage Divider Equation: Vout = Vin [ R 2 / (R 1 + R 2 ) ] 22 About Transistor Calculations The NPN schematic symbol can be divided into: 1. A Base-Emitter circuit where the base-emitter junction forms a silicon diode: and V be = V d = 0.6v 2. And a Collector-Emitter circuit where: a. I C = I B h FE b. And the transistor saturation current is calculated as if the C-E junction is a short circuit thus giving a maximum collector current possible: when the transistor is fully on (V CE 0) NOTES: Non-Inverting NPN Transistor Switch As shown, with switch DOWN: V in = 0 Voltage at the base, V b = 0 And the LED is OFF With the switch in the UP position: V in = +Vcc Voltage at the base, V b = V cc V R1 KVL: LED Voltage, V LED = V cc V R1 V be And the LED is ON NOTE: V CE à zero apx short circuit when transistor is ON )

5 NOTES: Inverting NPN Transistor Switch As shown, with switch DOWN: V in = 0, voltage at the base, V b = 0 Note: V CE à apx OPEN circuit And the LED is ON With the switch in the UP position: V in = +Vcc Voltage at the base, V b = 0.6v Note: V CE à apx SHORT circuit And the LED is OFF as V c is at ground 25 LOGIC Gates & Truth Tables Truth Table Review A B AND NAND OR NOR ExOR Bit Binary Decoding Chart ExNOR = = = = = = = = Volt Voltage Regulator Circuit You ALREADY have the 7805 Voltage Regulator connected as a 5 Volt Source (with a 1K Resistor and Green LED): DO NOT REMOVE REGULATOR CIRCUIT!!! You will be using it as the power source for the remainder of the semester Switch Output Bouncing Review A push button switch is a metal piece that can be pressed onto a contact to close the switch allowing current to flow. In inexpensive switches, the metal is not far from the contact and when released may actually bounce up and down giving the appearance of more than one output pulse to a fast (high speed) IC gate: Note that an IC Gate has a threshold voltage above which the Gate sees a Logical Flip-Flop: Review A Flip-Flop normally has TWO outputs, Q and Q-not which is the inverse of the Q output often noted as Q on a schematic diagram. The CD4013 has TWO Type D Flip-Flops in it with the following schematic: Clocking a One Stage Shift Register One Stage Shift Register: The Truth Table for the Flip-Flop outputs is therefore: Q Q-NOT

6 4017 Decade Counter IC - NOTES CD4017 Decade Counter Pulses 1) The 4017 counts, or is clocked by rises of the input clock line 2) Note that CE the "clock enable" line actually disables the clock when high connect it to ground if you don t get the clock to work... 3) IC Pin 14 is marked Clk meaning Clock input pin 4) The ten states of the CD4017 Decade Counter are labeled 0-9 to represent the count of clock pulses after reset. After all CD4017 counters have been reset, input pulses increase the count and set the individual output states 0, 1, 2, 9, then resets and restarts at 0. 5) Your first step in understanding what is going on is to label the diagram and mark each pin with its function (e.g., pin 15 = "reset", pin 11 = "output count 9"). Output pulse widths are equal to the space between rises of the input clock Count to 5 and HOLD Counter Pulses Count to 5 and Reset Counter Pulses After count is reached output pulse goes high and stays high 33 After count is reached, the output pulse is very brief, just wide enough to reset counter 34 Light Emitting Diode Colors LEDs can come in visible (red, green, blue, yellow, and white) and invisible (Infrared IR) colors. Multi-color RGB LEDs Questions? as well as specialty LEDs that blink, flicker, or are programmed for special effects, are common today

7 Homework #10 Quiz 4-Stage Shift Registers When you DO NOT show work, I have to guess. When you DO show work, I can try to see what you are doing and give an O.K. Homework QUIZ #10 Consider a 4-stage shift register made from four D-type flip-flops and sitting horizontally on a table with the serial Data input at the left Table Stage Shift Register 10.3) If an experimenter enters a 1 (by holding the Data line high, raising and then lowering the clock input) and then enters a 0, then a 1, then a 0 so that all four flip-flops have outputs that correspond to numbers he entered (1010). Which Flip-Flop contains the last number entered? The one at the extreme Left (A)? or at the extreme Right (D)?: Write A or D: You have five minutes to solve Homework #10 3a QUIZ PROBLEM Consider a 4-stage shift register made from four D-type flip-flops and sitting horizontally on a table with the serial Data input at the left. 10.3) If an experimenter enters a 1 (by holding the Data line high, raising and then lowering the clock input) and then enters a 0, then a 1, then a 0 so that all four flip-flops have outputs that correspond to numbers he entered (1010); 10.3a) Where is the last number entered: At the extreme Left or Right? Extreme Left (A out = 0 ) 39 Questions? 40 Using Analog & Digital IC Circuits Together Why has the 555 IC has been a favorite of hobbyists world-wide for years and how it can be wired as a timer or as a pulse source? Details of operation & application of the 555 integrated circuit (partly analog, partly digital) next slides Question: How can a 5-volt electronic circuit safely control 117VAC devices? Answer & Discussion: Relays and Optoisolators NE555 IC Timer The NE555 is one of the most popular ICs ever as it can be used as an oscillator or to provide precise timing delays. Either mode can be controlled by a single capacitor and resistor. The output of the 555 can drive a speaker or small relay. The 8-pin DIP device includes a flip-flop circuit making it a combination analog/digital device. (See enlarged view next slide) 5k out Flip- Flop GND Supply Voltage nge: +4.5 to +16 volts Supply Current: 3 ma typical, 5 ma Vcc=5 v Output Current: +/- 200 ma max Vout range (Vcc=5v): mA output Note: Vcc at pin 8 and Common Ground at pin

8 NE555 IC Timer: Analog/Digital The 8-pin DIP NE555 includes a flip-flop circuit making it a combination analog and digital device. NE555 Simplified Schematic Typical Simple NE555 Circuit & Pictorial NE555: Blinker Schematic and Pictorial Diagrams Light Sensing NE555 Circuit Light Sensing 555 Blinker on Mini Breadboard (with Transistor Output for greater power and using acetone-cleaned staples as wires!) (Note that to have Pin 1 at upper left, the pictorial wiring seems backwards ) NE555 Astable Oscillator on a PC Board Looking through the PC Board as if it were transparent Questions?

9 MSCI 222 Electronics Hands-On Lab GENERAL NOTES Seeing & Hearing Frequency Use of the NE555 variable frequency oscillator with LED and loudspeaker Although the equipment used here is very simple it can be used to perform an experiment on human perception. In particular, it can be used to determine which of our senses is more useful for perceiving high frequencies our audio sensor (the ear) or our visual sensor (the eye)? The answer is: the ear Seeing, Hearing & Persistence Use of the NE555 variable frequency oscillator with LED and loudspeaker That the ear is more useful for perceiving high frequencies can be demonstrated by watching the LEDs and listening to the speaker as the NE555 frequency is increased. At high frequencies the red and green LEDs will alternately flash so rapidly they appear to be both ON continuously, but the ear can easily hear the changing pulse frequency coming from the loudspeaker. The persistence of the human eye as a vision 'sensor' is the basis of motion picture films and TV: An image persists (is retained) for a period of time after it is no longer being presented. Motion pictures and TV are thus optical illusions of a sort. MSCI 222 Electronics Hands-On Lab Module # Lab Module 10 Part 1 Part 1: NE555 Timer Circuit NE555 s Pulse frequency is controlled by R A and R B Here, R A = 1KΩ and R B = 1,047Ω* to 1MΩ (Gives a slow pulse - high R B through a buzz low R B ) ( *All potentiometers in the Learning Lab have a 470 Ω resistor in series with the wiper arm. At minimum the 470 Ω is in parallel with 1M Ω: result 47 Ω) 53 Lab Module 10 Part 2 Part 2: Photoresistor Control of NE555 Timer Circuit Substitute photoresistor for R B a. Remove R 1 & R 2 (R 1 = 1 MΩ pot, R 2 = 1KΩ) b. Connect spring 64 to pin 7, and spring 65 to pin 6) The pulse frequency is now controlled by R A =R 3 (1KΩ) and the photoresistor s value: R light 500Ω - 6,000Ω à high frequency and R dark 1MΩ - 2MΩ à low frequency DO NOT DISASSEMBLE THIS CIRCUIT USED IN LAB A 54 9

10 MSCI 222C Electronics Final Exam Two & One Half (2.5) Hour Closed book Electronics FINAL EXAM You may use up to FOUR (4) sheets 8 handwritten sides, no Xeroxes of formulas and notes. NO WORKED OUT PROBLEMS You may use a calculator. but NO Computers and NO Smart Devices! Final Paper Materials Due at Final Exam 55 Lab Module 10 Part 1: NE555 Timer Circuit * *When the capacitor voltage (trigger: pin 2) falls below 1/3 V the output (pin 3) goes high Part 2: Photoresistor Control of NE555 Timer Circuit 56 * Any Questions? Send me an crubenst@pratt.edu or c.rubenstein@ieee.org End