An Overview of FLEET CS-152
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1 An Overview of FLEET S-152
2 FLEET Brainchild of Ivan Sutherland Fleshed out in collaboration with Berkeley graduate students A one-instruction, clockless processor Alternatively: an asynchronous transporttriggered VLIW machine Designed to take advantage of asynchronous circuits But first, I d like to talk about...
3 Ancient bridges were made of stone Required arch-and-keystone design
4 Steel Much stronger building material than stone
5 Early Steel Bridges Arch-and-keystone not required Regardless, early steel bridges were built as imitations of stone bridges.
6 Modern Steel Bridges Steel made suspension bridges possible Took a while for people to realize that new materials enabled new designs
7 What does this have to do with omputer Architecture? Synchronous circuits Single-cycle, pipelined, superscalar, Tomasulo, etc Asynchronous circuits Early async processors imitated synchronous architectures FLEET is a first draft of what suspension bridges might look like
8 rash ourse on Asynchronous ircuits
9 KLA Kinetic Learning Activity
10 IF predecessor!= successor THEN copy predecessor
11 Muller Element Majority gate with output looped back A two-voter election with incumbent advantage in event of a tie majority gate c a = M = a b 0 1 b 0 0 c 1 c 1
12 Micropipelines hain of Muller - Elements Each element connects to an inverted input on predecessor, noninverted on successor
13 Micropipelines each stage of the control...follows a very simple stage state rule: IF predecessor!= successor THEN copy predecessor s state ELSE hold present state [IES 89]
14 Micropipelines IF predecessor!= successor THEN copy predecessor s state ELSE hold present state
15 Micropipelines IF predecessor!= successor THEN copy predecessor s state ELSE hold present state Any disagreements propagate to the right
16 Micropipelines IF predecessor!= successor THEN copy predecessor s state ELSE hold present state Any disagreements propagate to the right
17 Micropipelines IF predecessor!= successor THEN copy predecessor s state ELSE hold present state Any disagreements propagate to the right
18 Micropipelines IF predecessor!= successor THEN copy predecessor s state ELSE hold present state Any disagreements propagate to the right
19 Micropipelines IF predecessor!= successor THEN copy predecessor s state ELSE hold present state Any disagreements propagate to the right System is stable when pipeline contains Zero or more agreeing stages Followed by zero or more disagreeing stages
20 Micropipelines Transition signaling A transition on a stage s output will: Acknowledge data from the previous segment Signal data ready to next segment Ack Ready Data
21 Other Styles Exist Too many for this talk
22 Advantages of Async Average (not worst) case timing -- no timing closure Early completion with some circuit styles Separates correctness from performance No clock tree Low power Better modularity Better EMI profile Extremely robust to variations Process, Temperature, Voltage
23 altech MiniMIPS 250 "foo.dat" 200 MIPS Designed % the performance of the best synchronous MIPS on the same fabrication process Performance scaled automatically with voltage and temperature changes voltage
24 ommunication Matters Metal rod model of VLSI wires ommunication is what matters, so put the programmer in charge of it One instruction: MOVE
25 Mike Holenderski s Animation
26 MIPS Pipeline vs FLEET SHIPs P Instruction Memory decode rd rs rt registers ALU Data memory +4 imm
27 Inboxes and Outboxes Outbox lient Ship DataIn DataOut OutBox Trigger Switch Fabric DataIn DataOut Ack InBox Inbox lient Ship Ack Instruction Instruction Inboxes and Outboxes
28 ode Bags Unordered sets of instructions Lets us start fetching the next block of code as soon as the current block starts executing Unlike sequential-instruction ISAs
29 Anatomy of a FLEET Instruction Source Address DataIn Ignore/opy/ Take Triggered ount Ack DataOut Destination Address log NUMSOURES log MAXMOVE log NUMDESTINATIONS 2 Anatomy of a FLEET Instruction
30 Instruction Forms Triggered Not Triggered DataIn Ignore DataIn Ignore DataIn opy DataIn opy DataIn Take DataIn Take nop wait discard nop wait discard Ack Ack nop+ack wait+ack discard+ack nop+ack wait+ack discard+ack DataOut DataOut DataOut +Ack DataOut +Ack copy copy copy+ack copy+ack move (or accept) move (or accept) move+ack (or accept+ack) move+ack (or accept+ack)
31 Synchronous SHIPs The fact that the switch fabric is asynchronous is fairly essential to FLEET However, SHIPs can be internally synchronous Pauseable clocks are an attractive option
32 More Information Website: Graduate seminar meets in this room tomorrow, 10am-noon Project presentations are a week from tomorrow
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