DIAS Technology Review is a biannual international journal of business and IT.

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1 Editoril Policy DIAS Technology Review is binnul interntionl journl of business nd IT. It ims to be premier nd prestigious journl for publishing originl nd well-reserched ppers in the res of Mngement nd Informtion Technology. Contribution to the existing literture nd knowledge bse re the bs hllmrks for ccepting the ppers for publishing in the Journl. Authors nd Reviewers, both hve n importnt role to ply in mking the journl scholstic, intellectully vibrnt nd comprehensively informtive. The uthors of the reserch ppers re expected to bse, prepre nd present their ppers on dt which is truly uthentic, ccurte nd consistent. They re fully ccountble for the informtion they provide. The reserch ppers so submitted re lible to undergo blind reviews by two referees who re expected to provide their unbised, criticl, constructive nd quick evlution of such ppers. The ppers will be ccepted for being published in the journl only when the reports of both the reviewers re fvourble or ppers hve been redrfted, represented nd resubmitted by the uthors s required by the reviewers. No fee is chrged from the uthor for publishing his pper in the journl. The uthor gets one complementry copy of the relevnt edition of the journl. The primry focus of the journl is on cdemicins, students nd others interested in reserch or those interested in updting nd upgrding their knowledge in the res of Mngement nd InformtionTechnology. DIAS TECHNOLOGY REVIEW VOL. 5 No. 1 APRIL - SEPTEMBER

2 GUIDELINES FOR CONTRIBUTORS TYPES O F CO N TRIBU TIO N The Journl ccep ts for publiction the following: Reserch Articles Book Reviews Literture Review/Criticl Survey in Sp ecific ReserchAre Cse Studies Abstrcts of Doctorl Disserttions The Journl tries to mintin blnce between purely reserch-oriented ppers nd those derived minly from the experiences of prctitioners involved in the different res of Mngement nd Informtion Technology. Preference is given to ppliction oriented reserch ppers nd theoreticl ppers of extreme originlity nd lible to led to further reserch work useful from both theoreticl nd prcticl point of view. GUIDELINES FOR RESEARCH PAPERS The pper should contin the following items in the order shown below: (i) A cover pge showing title of the pper, uthor's ffilition, full ddress, telephone number, fx number nd e-mil. (ii) Abstrct of not more thn 150 words outlining the purpose, scope nd conclusions of the pper should be presented on seprte pge immeditely preceding the text. The bstrct should explin why the reders should consider these results importnt. (iii) The text should be suitbly divided under hedings nd sub-hedings to elucidte the text to emphsize (iv) (v) the importnce of vrious sections. The rticle should not normlly exceed 6000 words/16-20 pges nd# y should be in cler nd concise English. It should be%' typed in 12-point font on one side of A-4 pper in double-line spcing with wide mrgins. Acknowledgment, if ny must be included. Only those references, which re ctully utilized in the text, should be included in the reference list. In the text, referen ces should be cited w ith the surnm e of the uthor(s) long with the yer of publiction, ll in brckets. References should be complete in ll respects nd lphbeticlly rrnged. R E F E R E N C E CITATION BOOKS: y 4 D o u g l s L.P e r r y ( ) VHDL D e s ig n in g, PHI PublictictionsPP JOURNAL ARTICLE: Axexnder, MJ (1972). Mngement Informtion Chnnels: A Systems Model, Journl of Business Communiction, 9(4), PP5-11. REPORTS, ETC: Centre for Monitoring Indin Economy (CMIE) (2000), Monthly Review of the Indin Economy, Mumbi, My, p Reserve Bnk of Indi (1998), Hrmonising the Role of Opertions of Development Finncil Institutions nd Bnks: A Discussion Pper, Jnury. NEWSPAPERS: Trpore, S.S. (1998). FIs' Dys re numbered. Business Stndrd, 28 August. (i) Tbles should be numbered consecutively in Arbic numerls nd should be referred in the text s Tble 1, Tble 2 etc. Tbles should not duplicte results in grphs. E ch tble should b e on sep rte sheet. (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) The minimum mount of descriptive text should be used on grphs nd drwings (lbel curves, points etc. with single-letter symbols). Grphs xes should be lbelled with vrible written out in full, long the length of the xes, with the unit in prenthesis. All figures nd illustrtions should be sen t on seprte sheet. All footnotes should be indicted by seril numbers in the text nd literture cited should be detiled under 'N o tes' t th e end o f the ch p te r berin g corresponding number. Authors re requested to submit rticles on floppy/ compct disc using ny well-known word processing pckges like W ord Perfect, M S Word. T hree cop ies of the printout should be sent to the Editor long with the floppy/compct disc clerly mrked with the softwre pckge used including version number, uthor(s) nme nd short title of the rticle. The hrd copy nd electronic files must mtch exctly. Ppers su bm itted for co n sid er tio n in DIAS Technology Review should be ccompnied by 76 DIAS TECHNOLOGY REVIEW «VOL. 5 No. 1 APRIL - SEPTEMBER 2008

3 fvii) declrtion by the uthor(s) tht the pper is originl nd hs not been published or submitted for publiction elsewhere. Editoril decision regrding rticles ccepted for processing in DIAS Technology Review will be (viii) communicted in 60 dys' time. The decision of the editoril bord regrding cceptnce/ rejection will be finl. The editoril bord will not be responsible for the views expressed by the uthor(s) especilly if the views led to ny controversy. GUIDELINES FOR REVIEW OF LITERATURE/ CRITICAL SURVEY The Literture /Survey should be in res of Mngement, Informtion Technology nd other relted res nd should hve been conducted for Awrd of Doctorl Degree on or fter June 30,2005. GUIDELINES FO R BOOK REVIEW: This section covers reviews of books on Mngement nd Informtion Technology on the ltest topics. Book reviews must provide the following detils nd in the order specified:.1. Nme of uthor ph Title of book reviewed *3. Plce of publiction 4. Publisher 5. Yer of publiction 6. Number of pges, with binding specifiction such s pperbck or hrdbound. The review should not normlly exceed 2000 words nd should be ch p ter wise. T he review er hs th e right to include his/her own comments t his/her own responsibility. A copy of the book must be sent long with the Book Review desired to be published. GUIDELINES FOR ABSTRACTS It includes summries of significnt rticles of mngement interest published in Indin nd Interntionl Journls prticulrly those focusing on emerging econom ies. (Authors desirous of hving their publictions considered for inclusion in this feture my plese send reprints of their rticles to DTR Editoril Office.) ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION y The electronic submission must be in the form of n ttchment to y covering letter to be sent s e-mil c to the Editor t disedu@vsnl.com ; dis@dis.c.in T G U ID E L IN E S F O R A B S T R A C T S O F D O C T O R A L DISSERTATIONS ONLY The thesis should be in res of Mngement, Informtion Technology nd other relted res. The thesis should hve been pproved from University for Awrd of Doctorl Degree on or fter June 30,2005. COPYRIGHT The copyright of the published rticles will be exclusively with Journl DIAS Technology Review. T h e m n u scrip t should not hve b een / will p per in n o th er p u bliction. This will ensure copyright protection for both the uthor nd Delhi Institute of Advnced Studies. Note tht it is the uthor's responsibility to obtin permission to reprint long quottions or use tbles, figures or grphs previously published with copyright restrictions. POLICY ON REPRODUCTION Written ppliction must be mde to DIAS Technology Review for permission to reproduce ny of the contents for use in books nd ny other publiction intended for generl distribution. ALL MANUSCRIPTS ALONG WITH A SOFT COPY SHOULD BE SENT TO: Chief Editor, Dr. S. N. Mheshwri DIAS Technology Review Delhi Institute of Advnced Studies Plot No.6, Sector 25, Delhi (Indi) DIAS TECHNOLOGY REVIEW VOL. 5 No. 1 A PRIL - SEPTEM BER

4 CALL FOR PAPERS DIAS TECHNOLOGY REVIEW - THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR BUSINESS AND IT DIAS Technology Review is refereed journl for business nd informtion technology cdemicins nd professionls. The gol of the journl is to collect, store nd disseminte new nd relevnt knowledge obtined from bsic nd pplied reserch relting to ll business nd informtion technology disciplines. Submission dedlines for ppers re Mrch 31st for Spring Issue nd September 30th for Fll Issue. The Journl publishes originl reserch tht develops, tests, dvnces, or pplies theory, reserch nd knowledge to ll res of business nd informtion technology. Articles with both strong theoreticl foundtions nd significnt prcticl implictions re highly encourged. Conceptul models, literture reviews, explortory reserch re of interest if they mke n importnt contribution to business nd informtion technology' theory, reserch or knowledge, nd provide insight for cdemic ppliction or business prctice. All types of rigorous methods (quntittive, qulittive, or combintion) re cceptble. We invite you to contribute your vlued pper to this journl for Spring or Fll Issue, s mybe convenient. The Article my plese be sent to the Editor, DIAS Technology Review. The detiled guidelines for the contributors re lso mentioned in Guidelines for Contributors. We lso ccept rticles online t dis@dis.c.in ; disedu@vsnl.com. In cse you need ny dditionl informtion, feel free to visit our website t We will tremendously vlue your coopertion nd support in this regrd Letters to ^Editor {'Reders re our invhuhfe ssets. In order tht they cn voice their opinion, shre their views, provide ny rehted informtion or suggestions, we re offering this pctform eyecusivefy fo r them. Vde expect their ctive prticiption in the process o f enhncing the quhity o f the journh. Lhese write to us on com, dis@dis.c. in or mihto: Lhe Lditor, (DIJIS dec hno fogy deview, (Defhi Institute o f JIdvnced Studies, tpfot (Ho. 6, Sector 25, do him, (Defhi t ADVERTISEMENT RATES: PARTICULARS Per Insertion Per Yer INRs. IN US $ IN Rs. IN U S$ BACK COVER 50,000 1,500 90,000 3,000 INSIDE FRONT 40,000 1,200 75,000 2,400 INSIDE BACK 40,000 1,100 75,000 2,200 FULL PAGE 30, ,000 1,800 HALF PAGE 20, ,000 1,400 QUARTER PAGE 10, ,000 1, DIAS TECHNOLOGY REVIEW VOL. 5 No. 1 APRIL - SEPTEMBER 200!

5 DIAS TECHNOLOGY REVIEW The Interntionl Journl for Business nd IT Would you tke m o m e n t to evlu te th e rticles y ou h v e red in th is issu e of th e DIAS Technology R eview? Your v lu ble c o m m e n ts w ill h elp u s to sh p e th e fu tu re issues. T h n k you. - Editor-in-C hief Highly Somewht Not Apprecible Did not Red Apprecible Apprecible Retiling in Recession: Im p liction... U.S. M nufcturing Industry: A Study Optimism: Individul C on tribu tion... Control in Business Process O utsourcing:... Technology Development in Indi:... A Rod to Open Innovtion: A M odel o f... Culture s Influence on the p erceiv ed... We w ould pprecite your generl com m ents nd suggestions bout rticles in this issue of DIAS Technologjf Review". >... Nme: Mr./Ms./Dr./Prof. Designtion: Address: 's Phone: DIAS TECHNOLOGY REVIEW - Vo l. 5 No. 1 APRIL - SEPTEMBER

6 DTTG DMKffill o o1v?57tlfo The Interntionl Journl For Business & IT D ELH I IN STITU TE O F ADVANCED STU D IES Sector 25, Rohini, Delhi (Indi) (A Binnul Publiction) SUBSCRIPTION ORDER FORM Enclosed Cheque/DD num ber...dted...for R s... drwn in fvour o f D elh i Institute o f A dvnced Studies nd pyble t Delhi towrds the subscription o f DIAS TECHNOLOGY REVIEW for period o f (tick s pplicble) Subscriber's Detils 1 yer 2 yers 3 yers i Nme:.....Designtion Orgniztion:... Miling Address:.... PIN /ZIP Phone:. Fx: E-mil: D te: Plce: I? Signture nd Sel Subscription Rtes Ctegory Indin (in Rs.) 1 Yer 2 Yers 3 Yers Institution Individul V Student Foreign (in US $) Air Mil Single Copy (in Rs.)- 250/ (US$) - 30 ^Subject to chnge without prior notice 80 DIAS TECHNOLOGY REVIEW VOL. 5 No. 1 APRIL - SEPTEM BER 2008

7 I Hertiest Thnks to our Reviewers! Hving cpble nd ccomplished professionls in the stndrd setting process is the key to the issunce nd sustinbility of every high qulity product. We re relly fortunte to hve pnel of eminent nd distinguished cdemicins nd professionls who re continuously offering support to us for keeping the journl scholstic, intellectully vibrnt nd comprehensively informtive. We prticulrly express our grtitude to the following pnel for reviewing the rticles nd offering their vluble suggestions: & x & Dr.AnndKrishnmoorthy, Associte Professor of Business, Troy University, Atlntic, USA. Dr. A.K. Sxen, Den, Fculty of Mngement Studies, Bundelkhnd University, Jhnsi, Indi. Dr. A.K. Sengupt, Director, Jgnnth Interntionl Mngement School, New Delhi, Indi, Dr. A.K. S eth, Professor o f C om m erce, D elhi University, D elhi, Indi. Dr.Angpp Gun Gunsekrn, Professor, Opertions Mngement, University of Msschusetts, USA * Dr. Andrew Sikul Sr, Director, West Virgini Mrshll University, USA Dr. Anu Singh Lther, Professor, School of Mngement Studies, Guru Gobind Singh Indrprsth University, Delhi, Indi, Dr. AshokDe, Principl, Ambedkr Institute of Technology, Delhi, Indi. Dr. Atul Gupt, Associte Professor in Mngement, Lynchburg College, USA..Mr. B.N. Mohnti, Principl, Bnrsids Chndiwl Institute of Hotel Mngement & Ctering Technology, New Delhi, Indi.. Prof. B.S.Shrm, Ex-Vice Chncellor, Kot Open University, Indi... Dr. C.P.Gupt, Chirmn, Finnce & Accounting Are, Mngement Development Institute,,Gurgon, Indi.. Dr. Chong W. Kim, Professor & Hed, Division of Mngement & Mrketing, Mrshll University, USA.. Dr. C.V.Bxi, Chirmn-Corporte Governnce Centre, Mngement Development Institute, Gurgon, Indi.. Prof. Dvid R oss, C hir o f Flexible Delivery, M ngem ent nd C om m erciliztion, Fculty o f E ngineering & Surveying, University o f Sou th ern Q ueenslnd, Austrli. Dr. Gin Chong, Associte Professor, Deprtment of Accounting, Finnce & MIS, A & M University, Pririe View, USA. Dr.H.K.N. Mishr, Formerly Hed of Credit, Abu Dhbi Commercil Bnk, Abu Dhbi, Dubi. Dr.Ibrhim l. Affneh, Chirmn, Deprtment of Finnce nd Legl Studies, Indin University of Pennsylvni, USA. Dr.JgdishPthk, Associte Professor in Accounting Systems, University ofwindsor, Cnd, Dr. Jmes H. prhm, Vogt Endowed Professor, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA. Prof. J.K. Goyf,Director, Jggn Institute of Mngement Sciences, Delhi, Indi, Prof. Krmeshu, Professor in Computer nd System Sciences, JNU, New Delhi, Indi, Dr. Krishn Rn, Professor in Informtion System nd Decision Sciences, Virgini Stte University, USA. Dr. Michel Newsome, Associte Professor of Economics, Mrshll University, USA. Dr.MohmedAlbohli, Associte Professor in Sttistics, Indin University of Pennsylvni, USA. Dr.MukeshChudhry, Professor of Finnce, Indin University of Pennsylvni, USA. Dr.M.N.Hud, Director, BhrtiVidypeeth's Institute of Computer Applictions nd Mngement, Delhi, Indi, Dr. NsibS.Gill, Deprtment of Informtion Techn ology, MhrshiDynnd University, Rohtk, Indi, Mr. Nveen Jin,Vice President-Finnce & Plnning, Hotel LeelventuresLtd., Mumbi, Indi, Dr. Nveen Rjpl, Professor, School of InformtionTechnology, G.G.S. Indrprsth University, Delhi, Indi Prof. Nupur Prksh, De^in, School of Informtion Technology', Guru Gobind Singh Indrprsth University, Delhi, Indi, Dr. P.K.Goyl, Professor of Mngement, Institute of MngementTechnology, Ghzibd, Indi, Dr.P.K.Jin, Professor of Finnce, Indin Institute oftechnology, New Delhi, Indi, Dr. Rj Devsgym, Associte Professor, Deprtment of Mrketing, Sien College, USA Dr.R.K.Aggrwl, Associte Professor, Opertions Reserch, University ofwestern Sydney, Austrli. DIAS TECHNOLOGY REVIEW Vo l. 5 No. 1 APRIL - SEPTEMBER

8 >* Dr. RjendrK.Grg, Professor of Mrketing, Indin University of Pennsylvni, USA ^ h ts. >&. ^ ^ ts. Dr. Rmesh G. Soni, Interim Vice Provost for Reserch nd Den of Grdute Studies, Indin University of Pennsylvni, USA. Dr. R.K. Mittl, Den, School of Mngement Studies, G.G.S. Indrprsth University, New Delhi, Indi, Dr. R.S.Nigm, Formerly Director, Delhi School of Economics, University' of Delhi, Delhi, Indi Dr. Sndip C. Ptel, Assistnt Professor, Morgn Stte University, Bltimore, USA. Dr. Snjeev Mittl, Reder, School of Mngement Studies, G.G.S. Indrprsth University, Delhi, Indi. Dr. Snjeev Singh, Scientist 'C', Defence Reserch & Development Orgniztion, New Delhi, Indi, Dr. S.N. Mittl, Professor nd Ex-Den, D ep rtm ent o f C om m erce, M.D. University, Rohtk, Indi. *3. D r.s.s i n g h,d ir e c to r, N ew D e lh i In s t it u t e o f M n g e m e n t, D e lh i, In d i. >s. ts. Dr.S.P.Nrng, Formerly Director, Apeejy School ofmngement, Greter Noid, Indi. Dr.SuneelMheshwri, Professor of Accounting, Mrshll University, USA. Mr. Sunil Srd, Executive Director, Annd Rthi Securities Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, Indi. Dr.T.N. Kpoor, Ex-Vice Chncellor, Punjb University, Chndigrh, Indi. Dr.Vibh Jin, Reder, Jnki Devi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, Indi. Dr.V.K.Bhll, Professor, Fculty of Mngement Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, Indi. Dr.VsudhBhtngr, Reder, Dept, of Computer Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, Indi. We will like to hve mny more cdemicins nd professionls on our tem in our efforts to mintin the qulity nd contents of the journl. Hopefully, you my like to be one of them. V 82 DIAS TECHNOLOGY REVIEW VOL. 5 No. 1 APRIL - SEPTEMBER 200t

9 DELHI INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED STUDIES (Affilited to G.G.S. Indrprsth University nd pproved by All Indi Council for Technicl Eduction) P lot No. 6, Sector 25, Rohini, D elhi Indi Ph. : O il , , Fx: Em il: d is@ d is.c'in